Industrial Revolution

Saida Soraya Cerda Abundis

Revolution

• Action by celestial body of going round in orbit or elliptical course

• Completion of course• Sudden, radical, or complete change• Activity or movement designed to effect

fundamental changes in socioeconomic situation

• Change in way of thinking about or visualizing something

Three Waves

Information

•Industrial

Agricultural

Agricultural • People living off their

farms• Goods produced by hand• 1850s small towns

became large industrial cities

• 1860 -1910: farms in US tripled

• 1860 -1890: wheat, corn, and cotton outstripped previous figures– Population doubled

How it was achieved…• Expansion to west• Application of machinery to farming• 1800s: farmers cut 20% of hectares of

wheat a day with hand sickle– 30 yrs. later 80% could be cut with cradle– 1840: Cyrus McCormick cut 2 to 2 ½ hectares

a day with reaper• Moved to Chicago & started to produce reapers by

1860 sold quarter of a million all over

Other inventions…

• Automatic wire binder• Threshing machine• Mechanical planters,

cutters, huskers, and shellers

• Cream separators• Manure spreaders• Potato planters• Hay driers• Poultry incubators

Importance of Agricultural Rev.

to Industrial Rev. • Crop yield increased

– More food for people in cities

– Lower food prices meant more $ to spend

– Healthier population– 18th century population

doubled (5-10 mil.)

• Wool yield increased– More available for textile

industry at lower price

• Workforce available– Peasants turned off farm

land– Farmers moved to cities– Unemployment & people

looking for work– Cheaper labor

Industrial Revolution• Began in England

– Spreading to rest of Western Europe and United States

• Technology advances produced Ind. Rev., science & medicine altered lives of people in cities

• Factories• Steam power• Wage labor• Mass production• Monopolies• Competition lowered

prices• Time orientation not task• Uniformity

History(1820-1870) mid 19th

century• Changed societies from agricultural society to one where industry & manufacturing had control

• Started in Great Britain in late 18th century– Most powerful empire in planet– Germany, USA, France join

• Technological advances– Steam power– telegraph

Consequences

• Growth of cities• Quantative & materialistic view of world• People consumed as much as they could• Small wages caused children to work long

days• French Rev. starting• Not good for planet

– pollution by nuclear waste, pesticides, & chemicals

• Passage of Embargo Act 1807 – Answer to British orders of council restricting neutral

shipping & to Napoleons restrictive Continental System

– Forbade trade w/England & other countries obeying it – Forbid international trade w/Cheseapeke where British

opened fire when they were not allowed to search ship, resulting in passage of Embargo Act

• War of 1812 – US & Britain fought till 1815, when peace treaty was

signed– American saw need for better transportation system &

economic independence leading to manufacturing raise

Real impulsion for Ind. Rev.:

Important developments

• TRANSPORTATION

• ELECTRICITY

• IMPROVEMENTS TO INDUSTRIAL PROCESSES– Refining process &

accelerating production– Gov. protected American

manufacturers w/ tariff

Inventions, Inventors, Events

Person Invention Date

James Watt First reliable Steam Engine 1775

Eli Whitney Cotton Gin, Interchangeable parts for muskets 1793, 1798

Robert Fulton Regular Steamboat service on the Hudson River

1807

Samuel F. B. Morse Telegraph 1836

Elias Howe Sewing Machine 1844

Isaac Singer Improves and markets Howe's Sewing Machine

1851

Cyrus Field Transatlantic Cable 1866

Alexander Graham Bell

Telephone 1876

Thomas Edison Phonograph, Incandescant Light Bulb 1877, 1879

Nikola Tesla Induction Electric Motor 1888

Rudolf Diesel Diesel Engine 1892

Orville and Wilbur Wright

First Airplane 1903

Henry Ford Model T Ford, Assembly Line 1908, 1913

Information Revolution• Steam engine : Ind. Rev. :: computer : info

rev.• Routinized traditional process in untold

number of areas– Step by step, time saving & cost

• Psychological impact– Children learning

computer skills at young age

– Invention of CD-ROM

E-Commerce• E-commerce : info. rev. :: railroad : ind. rev.• Explosive emergence of Internet as major

worldwide distribution channel for go, foods, services & surprisingly for managerial & professional jobs

• Totally new, unprecedented, unexpected development– Creating new, rapidly changing

economy, society, & politics– Distance is eliminated

• Every business must become globally competitive

• Competition is not local anymore• Fastest e-commerce in America

– Jobs for professionals & managers– Largest companies recruit using

Web sites

“ONE ECONOMY, ONE MARKET”

Sources

• http://americanhistory.about.com/od/industrialrev/a/indrevoverview.htm

• http://www.saburchill.com/history/chapters/IR/006.html

• http://www.saburchill.com/history/chapters/IR/001.html

• https://www.msu.edu/user/brownlow/indrev.htm• http://odur.let.rug.nl/~usa/H/1994/ch7_p5.htm• http://www.theatlantic.com/doc/199910/

information-revolution