Industrial Industrial Revolution IntroRevolution Intro

Industrial Industrial Revolution IntroRevolution Intro

Or, My Last DayOr, My Last DayOr, My Last DayOr, My Last Day

Beforehand Beforehand Beforehand Beforehand

What was life like Pre-industrial What was life like Pre-industrial

Revolution? Revolution?

PrePrePrePre

Most people lived in what is considered a rural Most people lived in what is considered a rural

setting and had agricultural jobs.setting and had agricultural jobs.

Only a small percentage of people lived in Only a small percentage of people lived in

townstowns

People would specialize in a craft: People would specialize in a craft:

Shoemaking, Barrel making, Weaving, ForgingShoemaking, Barrel making, Weaving, Forging

Most work was done by handMost work was done by hand

WaterWaterWaterWater

The first step in the industrial revolution The first step in the industrial revolution

was to harvest power so that people were was to harvest power so that people were

no longer expending energy.no longer expending energy.

Rivers were the cheapest, most readily Rivers were the cheapest, most readily

available sourceavailable source

Example: River Irwell has an average Example: River Irwell has an average

discharge of 18 metres cubed/seconddischarge of 18 metres cubed/second

Problem Problem Problem Problem

Using water as a power source does have Using water as a power source does have

down sides. What is it?down sides. What is it?

AnswerAnswerAnswerAnswer

You You

need need

water.water.

SolutionSolutionSolutionSolution

Steam power allowed industry to move Steam power allowed industry to move

out of the hills and away from rivers. out of the hills and away from rivers.

But all this will be covered. Today is just But all this will be covered. Today is just

the introductionthe introduction

But SteamBut SteamBut SteamBut Steam

As more coal was used there was more As more coal was used there was more

pollution. pollution.

ImpactImpactImpactImpact

The industrial revolution has had a HUGE The industrial revolution has had a HUGE

impact on society today. impact on society today.

Examples: Demographics, Urbanization, Examples: Demographics, Urbanization,

Comodification of Labour, Increased Comodification of Labour, Increased

Wealth, More Free Time, Better Education, Wealth, More Free Time, Better Education,

Better GoodsBetter Goods

DemographicsDemographicsDemographicsDemographics

Due to the industrial revolution Due to the industrial revolution

populations began to grow. populations began to grow.

Not only did the populations of countries Not only did the populations of countries

increase, the populations within cities increase, the populations within cities

increased. People were centralizing. increased. People were centralizing.

Manchester Manchester PopulationPopulationManchester Manchester PopulationPopulation

UrbanizationUrbanizationUrbanizationUrbanization

As industry began to boom people began to As industry began to boom people began to

centralize.centralize.

Their work was no longer on the land. Now Their work was no longer on the land. Now

their work was in the manufactories. It their work was in the manufactories. It

made more sense to live near work so they made more sense to live near work so they

moved to where the rivers or mines were.moved to where the rivers or mines were.

City populations skyrocketed at this timeCity populations skyrocketed at this time

Manchester 1650Manchester 1650Manchester 1650Manchester 1650

Manchester 1800Manchester 1800Manchester 1800Manchester 1800

Manchester Manchester 18901890

UrbanizationUrbanizationUrbanizationUrbanizationSome groups of people looked to Some groups of people looked to

industrialization and urbanization as industrialization and urbanization as

something incredibly positive.something incredibly positive.

Englishman Robert Vaughan (1844) said that “ Englishman Robert Vaughan (1844) said that “

towns are the bulwark of the commercial class towns are the bulwark of the commercial class

against the conservative landed aristocracy”against the conservative landed aristocracy”

German Karl Bucher’s (1890) view is that German Karl Bucher’s (1890) view is that

“urban growth is positive because it was not “urban growth is positive because it was not

the result of a sovereign decree but of the the result of a sovereign decree but of the

spontaneous social activity of ordinary spontaneous social activity of ordinary

people”people”

Anti-UrbanizationAnti-UrbanizationAnti-UrbanizationAnti-Urbanization

However, there was a strong movement against However, there was a strong movement against

urbanizationurbanization

Wilhelm Heinrich Riehl wrote in 1854 that Wilhelm Heinrich Riehl wrote in 1854 that

“Europe was sick as a result of her monstrous “Europe was sick as a result of her monstrous

towns” and that “Urbanization drew people towns” and that “Urbanization drew people

from the country to the town and created a from the country to the town and created a

rootless proletariat that obeyed neither man rootless proletariat that obeyed neither man

nor God”. Towns had become the “cradle of nor God”. Towns had become the “cradle of

immorality and rebellious political mentality”immorality and rebellious political mentality”

Division of LabourDivision of LabourDivision of LabourDivision of Labour

One thing that came with the industrial One thing that came with the industrial

revolution was the division of labour. To revolution was the division of labour. To

successfully divide labour people had to successfully divide labour people had to

microspecialize. microspecialize.

Example from your text on pg 207 about making Example from your text on pg 207 about making

pins. pins.

One had to make the wire, one straighten it, one One had to make the wire, one straighten it, one

cut it, one points it, one makes the head etc etc. cut it, one points it, one makes the head etc etc.

Division of LabourDivision of LabourDivision of LabourDivision of Labour

By doing this production skyrocketed. By doing this production skyrocketed.

Why? Why?

ConsequencesConsequencesConsequencesConsequences

What are the consequences (and I mean What are the consequences (and I mean

negative or positive consequences) of negative or positive consequences) of

Division of Labour? Division of Labour?

ConsequencesConsequencesConsequencesConsequences

What are the consequences of What are the consequences of

Urbanization? Urbanization?