info-brief 1: salinization
TRANSCRIPT
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8/3/2019 Info-Brief 1: Salinization
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C }uohjdc{j`f lr`g {ae KETJ_E }r`ned{ ' lufkek oz{ae Eur`}ecf Ufj`ft
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Tch{ cdduguhc{j f jf t jh act|crj`ut dcutet& Jf ieferch
}rjgcrz tchjfj~c{j f jt kue {`
fc{urch t`jh dacrcd{erjt{jdt( `r
tch{t oh`yf jf `f yjfkt lr`g {ae
tec& Ted fkcrz tchjfj~c{j f
ac}}eft yaere augcf cd{j|j{jet
}hcz c }cr{& [aere cre {aree gcjf
}r`dettet {ac{ dcf dcute
tchjfj~c{j`f>
3& Tchjfj~c{j`f ac}}eft yaere{ae yc{er {cohe jt dh`te {`
{ae ir`ufk turlcde& [ajt gcz
`ddur yaere tch{t
cdduguhc{e oz yc{er
e|c}`rc{j`f jf {ae t`jh
turlcde hczert& [ae ycrg{a
`l tuftajfe dcutet
e|c}`rc{j`f c{ {ae turlcde
cfk yc{er rjtet u} {ar`uia
{ae t`jh lr`g {aeir`ufkyc{er oz dc}jhhcrj{z
{ar`uia {ae t`jh }`ret& Tch{
drut{t dcf oujhk u} `f {ae
t`jh turlcde( cfk yj{ajf {ae
t`jh ct c }cf& [ae
ir`ufkyc{er gcz oe
fc{urchhz tch{z jl {ae oekr`db
act gcrjfe rjijft&
?& [ae eqdettj|e ute `l yc{er
l`r jrrjic{j`f jf krz dhjgc{etdcutet tchjfj~c{j`f( et}edjchhz
yaere t`jht cre aec|z
{eq{urek( cfk {ae jrrjic{j`f
yc{er j{tehl gcz d`f{cjf {``
gcfz kjtt`h|ek tch{t&
Duh{j|c{j`f jfdrectet
e|c}`rc{j`f cfk tch{
d`fdef{rc{j`f&
4& [ae jf{rutj`f `l tch{yc{er
`ddurt jf d`ct{ch crect(et}edjchhz yaere tecyc{er
tee}t jf{` {ae csujler cfk
re}hcdet ir`ufkyc{er {ac{
act oeef `|er'eq}h j{ek&
[ajt jt }cr{jduhcrhz e|jkef{
ch`fi Gekj{errcfecf d`ct{ch
crect ct yc{er jt }ug}ek u}
cfk eq{rcd{ek l`r jrrjic{j`f
cfk {ae {`urjt{ jfkut{rz&
G`re co`u{ {aetchjfj~c{j`f }r`dett
D`uf{rjet `l {ae y`rhk {cdbhjfi gcn`r tchjfj{z
}r`ohegt `|er 99 gjhhj`f aed{cret `l tchjfj~ek
hcfk cre dcutek oz augcf cd{j|j{jeta{{}>//{jfzurh&d`g/dq;9u
TCHJFJ[Z relert {` {ae d`fdef{rc{j`f `l kjtt`h|ek tch{t jf yc{er( ou{ jt utuchhzgecturek jf {ergt `l ehed{rjdch d`fkud{j|j{z!ED*& [aere jt f` hjfecr rehc{j ftaj}( oedcutekjlleref{ tch{t ac|e kjlleref{ elled{t( ou{ jf
ieferch {ae ajiaer {ae tch{ d`fdef{rc{j`f({ae oe{{er c t`hu{j f dcf d`fkud{ ehed{rjdj{z&[ae jf{erfc{j`fch ufj{ `l gecturegef{ jtkedj Tjegeft }er ge{er !kT/g*( `r gjdr`Tjegeft }er def{jge{er !T/dg*& T`jht yj{acf ED 6 ;kT/g cre d`ftjkerek tchjfe( ou{}hcf{t |crz d`ftjkercohz jf {aejr { hercfde `ltchjfj{z( cfk chlclc jt clled{ek oz `fhz ?kT/g&
Tchjfe t`jht cre t`ge{jget ketdrjoek ctt`kjd( `r chbchjfe( jl {aere jt c ajia}r`}`r{j`f `l t`kjug( {ac{ dcutet kjt}ertj`f`l t`jh }cr{jdhet cfk h`tt `l t`jh t{rud{ure&
_eij`fch kjt{rjou{j`f `l tch{'clled{ek t`jht( jf gjhhj`f aed{cret
_eij`ft [`{ch crec Tchjfe t`jht T`kjd t`jht
Gac Gac % Gac %
Clrjdc 3(1:: 4: ?&= 4; 3&1
Ctjc( {ae ]cdjljd cfk Cut{rchjc 4(3=9 3:5
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D`goc{jfi keter{jljdc{j`f jf KETJ_E t{ukz tj{et
C{ {ae F`|z tj{e jf {ae
Tcrc{`| reij`f `l _uttjc
duh{j|c{j`f `l cffuch cfk
}ereffjch dr`}t jt jg}`ttjohe
yj{a`u{ }r`|jkjfi yc{er ozjrrjic{j`f& A`ye|er( {ae
jrrjic{ek ljehkt cre }r`fe {`
tchjfj~c{j`f cfk h`tt `l
ler{jhj{z( ct {ae ir ufkyc{er
utek jt tchjfe&
Yaef {aere yere auie
d hhed{j|e lcrgt( jf T`|je{
{jget( yc{er l`r jrrjic{j`f
yct }ug}ek lr`g {ae \`hic
rj|er cfk kjt{rjou{ek lr`g
t{c{j`ferz t}rjfbher tzt{egt&
F`y {aere cre tgchher
d`hhed{j|e lcrgt cfk
jfke}efkef{hz `yfek lcrgt(utjfi cf `hk {rckj{j`fch
ge{a`k `l jrrjic{j`f oz
lurr y& C th }e `l ?'4% jt
feekek {` kjred{ {ae yc{er
ch`fi {ae lurr`y& A`ye|er
{ajt jt f`{ cf `}{jgug ute `l
{ae yc{er ej{aer( ct {aere
cre h`ttet oz tee}cie cfk
ruf ll( cfk t jh tchjfj{z jt
jfdrectek&
[ae KETJ_E }r`ned{ jt
jf|et{jic{jfi g re tut{'
cjfcohe ch{erfc{j|et( yj{a
}redjtj`f jrrjic{j`f `|er hcrie
crect `l l`rcie dr }t cfkkrj} jrrjic{j`f `f |eie{cohet&
[ae T`|je{'t{zhe t}rjfbher
tzt{eg( d`ft{rud{ek jf {ae
3:
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Gecturegef{t ta`yek {ac{
tch{t jf {ae t`jh c{ ke}{a yere
kjtt`h|ek cfk g`|ek jf{` {ae
r``{jfi ~`fe& [ae tch{t cre
{`qjd {` }hcf{t jf ajia
d`fdef{rc{j`ft cfk {ae
dacfie jf {ae t`jh yc{er
`tg`{jd }retture e|ef
rekudet {ae c|cjhcojhj{z `l
yc{er {` }hcf{t& @ricfjd
gc{{er jt yctaek `u{ `l {ae
t`jh cfk t{rud{urch dacfiet
retuh{ jf t`jh d`g}cd{j`f cfk
rekudek azkrcuhjd d`fkud{'
j|j{z cfk yc{er re{ef{j`f& [ae
krz t{e}}e dhjgc{e act c h`fi
tugger& Lr`g Gcz {`
Te}{egoer {eg}erc{uret
recda ;5 D& [ae yjf{er hct{t
lr g Kedegoer {` Gcrda(
yaef u} {` ?1 dg `l tf`y
dcf lchh& [ {ch cffuch
}redj}j{c{j`f c|erciet ;==
gg/zecr( cfk c gcn`r }cr{ `l
{ajt jt tf`y& L`r {ae hcfk uter(
tch{t gcz cdduguhc{e jf
ke}rettj`ft dcutjfi }c{daz
dr`} ir`y{a ou{ efd`urcijfi
yeekt {ac{ {arj|e jf {a`te
d`fkj{j`ft& Duh{j|c{j`f dcff`{
oe cdaje|ek yj{a`u{
jrrjic{j`f( ou{ t}rjfbher
jrrjic{j`f yj{a hcrie |`huget
`l yc{er act retuh{ek jf
tchjfj~c{j`f cfk kedrectjfi
ler{jhj{z cfk zjehkt& [ae
jrrjic{ek dr`}t jfdhuke
derecht( cfk |eie{cohet tuda
ct }`{c{`et&
[ae F`|z cfk K~acfjoeb Tj{et( _uttjc !d`f{jfuek*
Lurr`y jrrjic{j`f `l |eie{cohet act kjtck|cf{ciet>
3* uf}r`kud{j|e ute l jrrjic{jfi yc{er
?* tacr} jfdrecte jf tuo'turlcde cfk ir`ufk yc{er he|eht
4* `|er yc{erjfi `l }hcf{ r``{t
;* }`hhu{j`f `l {ae tuo't`jh/ir`ufk yc{ert oz daegjdcht
5* t`jh er`tj`f oz lh`yjfi yc{er( cfk hecdajfi `l }hcf{ fu{rjef{t jf
{ae t`jh
Krj} jrrjic{j`f l |eie{cohet jt oe{{er oedcute j{ }r`|jket>
3* tjifjljdcf{ gjfjgjtc{j`f `l jrrjic{j`f yc{er k`tet
?* ectz ckc}{c{j`f `l {ae jrrjic{j`f reijge {` yc{er kegcfk
4* }re|ef{j`f l yc{er hecdajfi {` {ae ufkerhzjfi ir`ufk yc{er
;* kedrecte jf ed`h`ijdch rjtbt l`r {ae turr`ufkjfi crec
]redjtj`f jrrjic{j`f
;
C&^ejhjiuer
C&^ejhjiuer
]redjtj`f jrrjic{j`f gcbet i``k ute`l tdcrde yc{er ret`urdet( oz
{crie{jfi `fhz crect yaere yc{er jt
feekek& J{ y`rbt oz ac|jfi c
gedacfjtek tzt{eg {ac{ ret}`fkt {`
cu{`gc{jd g`fj{`rjfi `l }hcf{t( t`jh(
ir`ufk yc{er cfk hcfktdc}e
}r`}er{jet& @fe ycz `l jg}r`|jfi
{ae tu}}hz `l lretayc{er jt {` acr|et{
tf`y'geh{ yc{er {ac{ gcz
cdduguhc{e ufker tgchh ke}rettj`ft
jf {ae hcfktdc}e cfk co`|e tch{z
ir`ufk yc{er& Tgchh yehht cddett
{aete heftet `l lretayc{er yj{ajf {ae
tchjfe ir`ufkyc{er&
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Tjfde ?==9( krj} jrrjic{j`f act oeef utek tuddettluhhz jf {ae icrkef }h`{t `l lcgjhjet jf
_`gctabz cfk Eh{`f |jhhciet( ]chhct`|tbz Kjt{rjd{( \`hi`irck _eij`f( _uttjc&
&
[ae chlchlc }hcf{t ta`y }``r cfk }c{daz ir`y{a yaere
{aez cre t{rettek oz tchjfj{z
Eh{`f Gjturjfc Lcgjhz
Krj} jrrjic{j`f( Nufe ?==:
_etecrdaert ac|e utek
`rkjfcrz kjij{ch dcgerct {`
gecture |crjc{j`ft jf |jtjohe
hjia{ relhed{cfde `l }hcf{t cfk
t`jht& [aez l`ufk {ac{ }hcf{t
t{rettek oz tchjfj{z gcz yjh{
cfk f`{ relhed{ hjia{ t` yehh&
Cht`( yj{a rekudek ir y{a
{aere yjhh oe g`re ocre t`jh
|jtjohe oe{yeef }hcf{t {acf
yj{a c aech{az dr }& [aez
a`}e {aez dcf ke|eh } {ajt
retecrda jf{` c h`y'd`t{
ge{a`k {` g`fj{`r dr`}
yc{er t{rett `f c hcrie tdche&
[aez ac|e cht` l`ufk {ac{ {ae
ajia t`jh chbchjfj{z !}A* cfk
rehc{j|ehz h`y ehed{rjdch
d`fkud{j|j{z cre }`tj{j|ehz
d`rrehc{ek yj{a jfdrectek
r``{ oj gctt& [ajt jt |erz
ufutuch d`g}crek {` ljfkjfit
re}`r{ek jf tdjef{jljd
hj{erc{ure& J{ jt }eduhjcr {ac{ c
rjte jf ehed{rjdch d`fkud{j|j{z
!ajiaer tch{t* k`et f`{
cu{`gc{jdchhz jg}hz c
kedrecte jf r``{ oj`gctt& Ct
eq}ed{ek( jfdrectek ehed{rjdch
d`fkud{j|j{z jt feic{j|ehz
d`rrehc{ek yj{a }hcf{ yc{er
d`f{ef{ c{ {ajt tj{e&
Jff`|c{j`ft jf ectz cfk
jfeq}eftj|e g`fj{`rjfi
5
[ae F`|z cfk K~acfjoeb Tj{et( _uttjc !d`f{jfuek*
C&^ejhjiue
r
C&^ejhjiue
r
C&^ejhjiuer
C&^ejhjiuer
C&^ejhji
uer
N&Dr`et
Y&Oee{t
Hcrie drcdbt f {ae t`jh turlcde jfkjdc{e chbchjfe
d`fkj{j`ft
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[ae Fet{`t rj|er octjf tj{e( Gciicfc( Ireede
Jf {ae 3:5=t cfk 3:
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Jrrjic{j`f lr`g turlcde yc{er !hel{* cfk ir`ufkyc{er !rjia{* jf ckncdef{ ljehkt
[ae zjehk jt :&4 {f/ac yj{a hett tch{z turlcde yc{er jrrjic{j`f !hel{* ou{ `fhz 4&; {f/ac yj{a
tch{z ir`ufkyc{er jrrjic{j`f !rjia{*( ' f`{e {ae yaj{e tch{t ke}`tj{ek `f {ae turlcde `l {ae
t`jh& !Chh Fet{`t }a`{`t oz J& Ibj`uibjt*
9
[ae Fet{`t rj|er octjf tj{e( Gciicfc( Ireede !d`f{jfuek*
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D`fdhutj`ft
[ae tuddettluh {edaf h`ijet
l`r }re|ef{jfi tchjfj~c{j`f `l
t`jht jf {ae KETJ_E t{ukz tj{et
l`dut `f g`re elljdjef{ cfk
g`re elled{j|e ute `l {ae
tdcrde( hect{ tchjfe yc{er
tu}}hjet& Ke{cjhek cu{`gc{ek
g`fj{`rjfi `l t`jh cfk dhjgc{jd
d`fkj{j ft dcf oe utek {`
}r ircgge {ae }redjtj f
t}rjfbhert `r krj} jrrjic{j`f
tzt{egt l`r `}{jgug d`f{r`h&
Gcfciegef{ `l cdde}{cohe
yc{er( ej{aer lr`g `u{tjke {ae
crec `r acr|et{ek jf t`ge
ycz !tf`y geh{( `r i``k
suchj{z yct{eyc{er( l`r
eqcg}he* jt drudjch& Da``tjfi
yjf{er dr }t( !rc{aer {acf
tugger( `r }ereffjch dr`}t*(
dr`}t gcz u{jhjte {ae hect{
tchjfe yc{er g`re elljdjef{hz
cfk tut{cjfcohz&
[ae KETJ_E }r`ned{ !?==9'?=3?* jt lufkek oz {ae
Eur`}ecf D`ggjttj`f( \J Lrcgey`rb ]r`ircg( Ih`och
Dacfie cfk Ed`tzt{egt cfk orjfit {`ie{aer {ae
eq}er{jte `l ?< jf{erfc{j`fch retecrda jft{j{u{et cfk f`f'
i`|erfgef{ch `ricfjtc{j`ft !FI@t*& [ajt }r`ned{ jt
jg}hegef{ek oz CH[E__C ' retecrda jft{j{u{e l`r {ae
ireef hj|jfi ef|jr`fgef{ jf {ae Fe{aerhcfkt&
D`}zrjia{ cfk Kjtdhcjger>
yyy&ketjre'}r`ned{&eu/kjtdhcjger
Yeotj{e> a{{}>//yyy&ketjre'}r`ned{&eu
D`f{cd{ KETJ_E d``rkjfc{`r> D`ef&_j{tegcMyur&fh
D`f{cd{ KETJ_E D`ggufjdc{j`ft>
fi}r`ned{tMi``ihegcjh&d`g
[ae `}jfj`ft eq}rettek jf {ajt feythe{{er cfk `f {ae
yeotj{e cre {a`te `l {ae KETJ_E }r`ned{ d`ft`r{jug cfk
k` f`{ fedettcrjhz relhed{ {ae |jeyt `l {ae Eur`}ecf
D`ggjttj`f&
Yrj{{ef cfk d`g}jhek oz
Fjda`hc Ieet`f
L`r g`re jfl`rgc{j`f tee>
[ae Acrg`fjtek Jfl`rgc{j`f
Tzt{eg f {ae KETJ_E yeotj{e(
a{{}>//{jfzurh&d`g/z9e?5n9
Ketdrj}{j`f `l {ae F`|z cfk
K~acfjoeb tj{et !_uttjc* jt octek
`f retecrda oz ]r`l& C& ^ejhjiuer(
cfk @& Erg`hce|c( G`td`y T{c{e
Ufj|ertj{z l Ef|jr`fgef{ch
Efijfeerjfi2 Y& Oee{t cfk N&
Dr`et( Yciefjfief U_
Ketdrj}{j`f l {ae Fet{`t keh{c
tj{e !Ireede*( jt octek `f
retecrda oz Kr& J& Kjcgcf{jt( J&
Ib`uibjt( cfk C& ]eda{ehjkjt(
Keg`drj{ut Ufj|ertj{z l [arcde&
_elerefdet cfk lur{aer
reckjfi
Oee{t( Y& !?==:* KETJ_E GTd
{aetjt> Ke{ed{jfi cfk g`fj{`rjfi
|eie{c{j`f yc{er t{rett
Dr`et( N& !?==:* KETJ_E GTd
{aetjt> Ke{ed{jfi {ae elled{ `l
t`kjd t`jht `f chlclc
Jcffe{{c( G& cfk D`h`ffc( F&!?==1*& tchjfj~c{j`f& HUDJFKC
o``bhe{ O4&
a{{}>//ie`ircljc&ldta&ufh&}{/hudjf
kc/
Gufft( _& [ae Jg}cd{ l
Tchjfj{z T{rett
DTJ_@ Kj|jtj`f l ]hcf{ Jfkut{rz
Dcfoerrc CD[( Cut{rchjc
a{{}>//yyy&}hcf{t{rett&d`g/Cr
{jdhet/tchjfj{zPj/tchjfj{zPj&a{g
]`t{augut( A& Tchjfe T`jht&
Cir`orjel //yyy&cir`gjtc&`ri/
\jey `l crec d`|erek oz c kc{cocte
l`r g`fj{`rjfi hcrie tdche ir`ufk
yc{er ke}{at cfk t`jh tchjfj{z `l {ae
]rj|`hitbczc Tzt{eg( F`|z ( _uttjc
1
http://tinyurl.com/y7e25j7http://geografia.fcsh.unl.pt/lucinda/http://geografia.fcsh.unl.pt/lucinda/http://www.plantstress.com/Articles/salinity_i/salinity_i.htmhttp://www.plantstress.com/Articles/salinity_i/salinity_i.htmhttp://www.agromisa.org/http://www.agromisa.org/http://www.plantstress.com/Articles/salinity_i/salinity_i.htmhttp://www.plantstress.com/Articles/salinity_i/salinity_i.htmhttp://geografia.fcsh.unl.pt/lucinda/http://geografia.fcsh.unl.pt/lucinda/http://tinyurl.com/y7e25j7