informal sector role in the recyclable waste collection in bulgaria
TRANSCRIPT
Informal Sector Role in the Recyclable Waste Collection in Bulgaria
Nikola DoychinovWaste Management Consultant
Content
1. Recycling and Recovery targets 2. Collection of recyclable materials 3. Existing practices for recyclable waste collection
and recycling • Separate waste collection• Informal sector collection (scavengers)
4. Conclusions
Bulgaria: Facts and Figures
•• Capital:Capital: SofiaSofia•• Area:Area: 111111,000 km²,000 km²•• Population:Population: 77..6868 millionmillion•• GGDDP 200P 20066:: 24.724.7 billion € billion €
((33,,22220 € per capita)0 € per capita)•• Total Waste Generation:Total Waste Generation: 240240 million tons million tons •• MunicipalMunicipal waste (MSW):waste (MSW): 3.3.44 million tons million tons
((448448 kg/cap.a)kg/cap.a)•• Packaging waste:Packaging waste: 0.440.44 million tons million tons
((57.3 57.3 kg/cap.a)kg/cap.a)
Recycling and Recovery Targets
Obliged persons: Producers and importers of packed goodsShared responsibility of the industry and the municipalities in organization and implementation of separate collection
TARGETS 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014
RECOVERY 25% 35% 39% 42% 46% 48% 50% 53% 56% 60%
RECYCLING 34% 38% 42% 45% 47% 49% 52% 54,9% 55%
Plastics 8% 12% 14,5% 17% 19% 20% 22% 22,5% 22,5%
Glass 26% 33% 40% 46% 51% 55% 59,6% 60% 60%
Paper&cardboard 15% 15% 60% 60% 60% 60% 60% 60% 60%
Metals 15% 15% 50% 50% 50% 50% 50% 50% 50%
Wood 15% 15% 15% 15% 15% 15% 15%
Existing Waste Management Situation
• 10% of the population is not served by systems for collection of municipal waste;
• Landfilling is the only applicable waste disposal option;
• Need of significant investments in waste management infrastructure;
• Trend for increasing of municipal waste collection costs because of new regional disposal facilities (higher transport distances);
• Municipal waste taxes do not depend on volume and/or amount of waste generated;
• Lack of sufficient and reliable information about waste generation and composition.
Collection of Recyclable Materials
• Municipalities still are not deeply engaged with separate collection initiatives;
• Collection of significant amounts recyclable waste from the waste containers and from the landfills;
• Low purchasing power of population = low consumption;
• Low density of population;• Depreciated equipment and
significant share of the manual handling of waste;
• Lack of experience and public awareness for implementation of separate collection.
Achievement of Recovery and Recycling Targets
Collection Transport Sorting, pre-treatment
Recycling and recovery
Plastic bags
Containers
Buy Back Centers
Industrial and commercial packaging
Household Packaging Separate Collection
•• Cooperation AgreementCooperation Agreementsigned between Ministry of Environment and Packaging Recovery Organizations
•• Coverage of 6.2 Coverage of 6.2 mlnmln. . residentsresidents by 31.12.2008
• 1 set of containers per 250 ÷ 550 residents
•• 51 51 mlnmln EUR investmentsEUR investments in separate waste collection in 2008/2009
• At least 1 EUR per resident spent for awareness raising
•• Restrictions on buy back Restrictions on buy back centerscenters and scavengers.
Separate Collection ObjectivesSeparate Collection Objectives
Separate Collection Results
• More than 35,000 separate 35,000 separate collection containerscollection containers placed
•• 4.5 4.5 mlnmln residentsresidents served by end 2007
• Regional sorting centers established
• Collection rate achieved less less than 3 kilograms per capita than 3 kilograms per capita per yearper year
• Separate collection contributes for less than 5% of recycling less than 5% of recycling targetstargets achievement, but
• Above 80% of expenditures80% of expendituresof recovery organizations are for separate collection
Scavengers and Buy-Back Centers
Bay-Backcentre
Landfill
Regional sorting site Recycling
plan
SupermarketsLarge Industry
Householders
Small shops
Scavengers
30-150 kg
< 50 kg
Large collectors
Mediator
< 2 000 kg
< 2 000 kg
Large collectors
< 5 000 kg
< 200 kg
Scavengers Contribution
• Substantial contribution for recovery target completion
– 110,000 tons collected and recycled material
– above 60% of recycled paper and plastics.
• Savings for municipalities and society
– No additional collection&sortingcosts
– Savings from municipal waste collection
– Valuable resources for the economy
• Self employment – 10,000 annual salaries;
Arguments against Scavengers
• Scavengers steal materials from separate collection containers;
• Steals of metal parts from electricity supply, railway, public infrastructure;
• Risk for public health and hygienic issues;
• Picking up waste from containers is illegal;
• Scavengers do not pay income tax.
•• Renovation of Renovation of BuyBuy--Back Back CentersCenters
– App. 30% increase of collected material
– Better acceptance from population
– Deliveries from residents living in the neighbour areas
Positive Examples 1/2Positive Examples 1/2
•• Collection Collection Campaigns at Campaigns at SchoolsSchools
•• Separate Separate collection at collection at shops and shops and supermarketssupermarkets
Positive Examples 2/2Positive Examples 2/2
• Waste management is entire integrated process and packaging recycling is a part of it.
• Scavengers are existing and cannot be forbidden administratively
• Scavengers really contribute for the achievement of national recycling targets;
• The social aspects in the waste management shall not be neglected or underestimated;
• State administrations, municipalities, business and other stakeholders have to develop a sustainable country specific approach in implementation of EU and national legislation related to waste recycling (Packaging Waste, WEEE, end-of-life vehicles)
ConclusionConclusion
