information architecture: making sense of unstructured contentterpconnect.umd.edu/~psjacobs/s11/ten...
TRANSCRIPT
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Bill LenoirSr. User Experience ArchitectTen Mile Square Technologies, [email protected]
Information Architecture:Making Sense of Unstructured Content
Apple
Good interfaces are nice, good data is crucial
Is/Will IA be the most important part of your job?
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Information Architecture: Everyone Has One1. Do you know what yours is?
2. How good is it?
3. How do you use it?Can you build me an information architecture?
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1. Know your content.
2. Know your users.
3. Metadata is king.
4. Test regularly.
5. Google may be your most important user.
Interfaces Naturally Flowfrom a Well Structured Data Set
You must be an expert in the field.
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Case Studies‣Content Management Systems
‣What you, as an IA, need to ask of your CMS
‣Recipes
‣ Starting with the content, building the structure
‣Animals
‣Building the structure, finding some content
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Information Architecture
as Expressed in
Content Management Systems
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IA and CMS‣Don’t just think tactically
‣Create
‣Manage
‣Deploy
‣Think strategically
‣Develop
‣Exploit
‣What do you need from your CMS?
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The Content Management Context
The Content
Author
Editor
Publisher
Taxonomies, Controlled
Vocabularies and other Attributes
Describe the Content
Target the Delivery
Develop Content
ExploitContent
Success criteria
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How Do You Package Your Content?‣What is the story?
‣The article itself; or,
‣A series of articles on a subject?
‣How about the photos?
‣How many/what fields?
‣What about widgets?
‣Re-Use?
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How Is Your Content Made?‣What are the roles?
‣Author / Editor / Publisher
‣ Segregated work flows?
‣By content type:
‣Articles / Blogs
‣By subject:
‣News / Sports
‣How granular do you need to be?
‣Now / Future
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How Do You Describe the Content?‣What can be inferred?
‣Author, data published
‣Can you extract meaning?
‣Entities / Topic
‣ Filling in the holes
‣How do authors tag content?
‣ Free-form or controlled vocabularies?
‣What are you tagging?
‣Topic / Geography / Sentiment
‣Ownership
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How Do You Exploit Your Content?‣One size fits all display
‣ Infer what the user wants
‣Have the user tell you
‣Repackage / Re-use / Syndicate
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Are You Doing It Right?‣What are your success criteria?
‣What analytics are you collecting?
‣What how are things trending?
‣ Seasonality?
‣ Serendipity
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The Information Architecture
of Eating:
What is a Recipe?
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Meal
Meal Part
Dish
Recipe
- Breakfast- Lunch- Dinner- Other
- Starter- Main Course- Side Dish- Dessert- Other
- Brownies- Beef Stew- Pupusas- Etc., etc., etc.
- Brownie Heaven- Fudge Landslide- Chocolate Brownies- Etc., ad infinitum...
Meal Taxonomy: Where Does the Recipe Fit?
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Meal Taxonomy: Which Recipe?
Title
Version
Form
Instance
Bill's Chili
Bill's Low Fat Chili
Bill's Low Fat Chili in HTML
Bill's Low Fat Chili in HTML as it appears on the iPad
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The Lady's Cheesy Mac:
• 4 cups cooked elbow macaroni, drained• 2 cups grated Cheddar• 3 eggs, beaten• 1/2 cup sour cream• 4 tablespoons butter, cut into pieces• 1/2 teaspoon salt• 1 cup milk
1.Preheat oven to 350 degrees F.
2.Once you have the macaroni cooked and drained, place in a large bowl and while still hot and add the cheddar. In a separate bowl, combine the remaining ingredients and add to the macaroni mixture. Pour macaroni mixture into a casserole dish and bake for 30 to 45 minutes. Top with additional cheese if desired.
Recipe Data
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The Lady's Cheesy Mac:
• 4 cups cooked elbow macaroni, drained• 2 cups grated Cheddar• 3 eggs, beaten• 1/2 cup sour cream• 4 tablespoons butter, cut into pieces• 1/2 teaspoon salt• 1 cup milk
1.Preheat oven to 350 degrees F.
2.Once you have the macaroni cooked and drained, place in a large bowl and while still hot and add the cheddar. In a separate bowl, combine the remaining ingredients and add to the macaroni mixture. Pour macaroni mixture into a casserole dish and bake for 30 to 45 minutes. Top with additional cheese if desired.
Recipe Data: Titles vs. Dishes
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The Lady's Cheesy Mac:
• 4 cups cooked elbow macaroni, drained• 2 cups grated Cheddar• 3 eggs, beaten• 1/2 cup sour cream• 4 tablespoons butter, cut into pieces• 1/2 teaspoon salt• 1 cup milk
1.Preheat oven to 350 degrees F.
2.Once you have the macaroni cooked and drained, place in a large bowl and while still hot and add the cheddar. In a separate bowl, combine the remaining ingredients and add to the macaroni mixture. Pour macaroni mixture into a casserole dish and bake for 30 to 45 minutes. Top with additional cheese if desired.
Recipe Data: Ingredients, how granular?
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The Lady's Cheesy Mac:
• 4 cups cooked elbow macaroni, drained• 2 cups grated Cheddar• 3 eggs, beaten• 1/2 cup sour cream• 4 tablespoons butter, cut into pieces• 1/2 teaspoon salt• 1 cup milk
1.Preheat oven to 350 degrees F.
2.Once you have the macaroni cooked and drained, place in a large bowl and while still hot and add the cheddar. In a separate bowl, combine the remaining ingredients and add to the macaroni mixture. Pour macaroni mixture into a casserole dish and bake for 30 to 45 minutes. Top with additional cheese if desired.
Recipe Data: Ingredients, how granular?
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The Lady's Cheesy Mac:
• 4 cups cooked elbow macaroni, drained• 2 cups grated Cheddar• 3 eggs, beaten• 1/2 cup sour cream• 4 tablespoons butter, cut into pieces• 1/2 teaspoon salt• 1 cup milk
1.Preheat oven to 350 degrees F.
2.Once you have the macaroni cooked and drained, place in a large bowl and while still hot and add the cheddar. In a separate bowl, combine the remaining ingredients and add to the macaroni mixture. Pour macaroni mixture into a casserole dish and bake for 30 to 45 minutes. Top with additional cheese if desired.
2 cups grated Cheddar- Amount- Units- Form- Ingredient
Recipe Data: Ingredients, how granular?
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The Lady's Cheesy Mac:
• 4 cups cooked elbow macaroni, drained• 2 cups grated Cheddar• 3 eggs, beaten• 1/2 cup sour cream• 4 tablespoons butter, cut into pieces• 1/2 teaspoon salt• 1 cup milk
1.Preheat oven to 350 degrees F.
2.Once you have the macaroni cooked and drained, place in a large bowl and while still hot and add the cheddar. In a separate bowl, combine the remaining ingredients and add to the macaroni mixture. Pour macaroni mixture into a casserole dish and bake for 30 to 45 minutes. Top with additional cheese if desired.
Recipe Data: A Step Should Be a Single Action
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The Lady's Cheesy Mac:
• 4 cups cooked elbow macaroni, drained• 2 cups grated Cheddar• 3 eggs, beaten• 1/2 cup sour cream• 4 tablespoons butter, cut into pieces• 1/2 teaspoon salt• 1 cup milk
1.Preheat oven to 350 degrees F.
2.Once you have the macaroni cooked and drained, place in a large bowl and while still hot and add the cheddar. In a separate bowl, combine the remaining ingredients and add to the macaroni mixture. Pour macaroni mixture into a casserole dish and bake for 30 to 45 minutes. Top with additional cheese if desired.
Recipe Data: A Step Should Be a Single Action
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The Lady's Cheesy Mac:
• 4 cups cooked elbow macaroni, drained• 2 cups grated Cheddar• 3 eggs, beaten• 1/2 cup sour cream• 4 tablespoons butter, cut into pieces• 1/2 teaspoon salt• 1 cup milk
1.Preheat oven to 350 degrees F.
2.Once you have the macaroni cooked and drained, place in a large bowl and while still hot and add the cheddar. In a separate bowl, combine the remaining ingredients and add to the macaroni mixture. Pour macaroni mixture into a casserole dish and bake for 30 to 45 minutes. Top with additional cheese if desired.
Recipe Data: A Step Should Be a Single Action
1.Preheat over to 340 degrees F.2.The macaroni cooked and
drained.3.Place in a large bowl4.Add the cheddar5.Combine the remaining
ingredients6.Add to the macaroni mixture7.Pour macaroni mixture into a
casserole dish8.Bake for 30 to 45 minutes.9.Top with additional cheese if
desired.
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Recipe Metadata: Source‣Who created this
recipe?
‣Where was it published?
‣Have I seen this before?
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Recipe Metadata: Cuisine
Mexican cuisine is a style of food that originated in Mexico.
-- Mexican cuisine - Wikipedia
‣ For every taxonomy or controlled vocabulary you intend to user, consider:
‣Do you need it?
‣Do your users understand it?
‣Build a bridge between it and your users’ language.
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Metadata vs. Data: Ingredient or Dish?
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When There Are Hundreds of Hits,
What Do You Display First?
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Who Is Searching?The Viewer‣ Someone who saw a recipe on a show.
‣ Will search once and then filter.
‣ Needs cues.
The Cook‣ Has or will soon purchase one or more
ingredients with which they hope to cook a meal.
‣ May conduct multiple searches that may also include filtering.
‣ Needs guidance.
The Chef‣ Has a menu in mind and wants to find
recipes for one or more dishes.
‣ Will conduct multiple searches looking for multiple recipes.
‣ Needs suggestions.
The Foodie‣ Wants to prove her skill and taste.
‣ Will conduct multiple searches until she homes in on an idea.
‣ Wants inspiration.
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What Is Right? -- Look at the Recipe‣Who is the source?
‣How recent is the recipe?
‣How similar is it to other recipes?
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What Is Right? -- Look at the Current User‣What are the search terms?
‣What path did he follow?
‣What do you think he liked in the past?
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What Is Right? -- Look at All Users
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Rule #1: Know Your Content
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Rule #2: Test Your Searches‣What are your most popular searches?‣Over all‣Without hits‣ Should there have been hits?‣There isn’t content for this, but perhaps there should be?‣No, we’ll never have a recipe for Penguin Soufflé.
‣With re-search‣Without clicks
‣ For each of the top 10 searches, evaluate the top 10 hits:‣Does it belong here?‣ Is it a good result?‣What’s missing?
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Rule #3: Show Only What the User Wants to See
Title
Version
Form
Instance
A Farewell to Arms by Ernest Hemmingway
3rd Edition with Forward by Joe Professor, PhD
Paperback
A used copy I'm selling on Amazon
Supporting content is key!PhotosVideoCommentsDon’t do something unless there’s a need for it.When is enough, enough?Can you count discrete objects?Where are these lessons applicable?MusicBooks
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The
Information Architecture of
Animals
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Animals vs. Content about Animals
Article
Link
Photo
Video
GameUGC
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What do users want to see?
Tiger Tiger Photos Photos
Tiger PicturesTiger PictsTiger Shots
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Animals Taxonomy: Sorry Mr. Linnaeus
Tiger
Big Cats
Wild
Animals
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Animals Taxonomy: Attributes
Tiger
Endangered
Big Cats
Wild
Animals
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Animals Taxonomy: Relationships
Tiger
Endangered
Big Cats
Wild
Animals
Swamp
Deer
Deer
Is Prey of
Preys on
India
South Asia
Land
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Um, wait!
We don’t have any content!
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Step 1: What Do Users Want?
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Step 2: Generate the Content
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Step 3: Evaluate the Content‣Do we even display the content?‣Accepted‣Rejected‣Queued
‣Generate and maintain a Black and White list.
‣ Same process as with recipes: Look at the content, the current user and all users.
‣No decision should ever be final.
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Rule #3: (again) Give the people what they want‣Everyone loves photos.
‣ Provide interactions‣Video‣Games‣Messages Boards
‣Avoid displaying large quantities of text until the user wants to see it.
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Rule #4: Put Some Thought into Your Search Results Page
‣ It doesn’t have to be a simple list of hits.
‣Think specialized home pages.
‣Think search engine landing pages.
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Rule #5: Employ Your Users‣ People want to belong and feel valued.
‣ People will work for free.
‣Quantity has a quality all its own.
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1. Know your content.
2. Know your users.
3. Metadata is king.
4. Test regularly.
5. Google may be your most important user.
Interfaces Naturally Flowfrom a Well Structured Data Set
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Bill LenoirSr. User Experience ArchitectTen Mile Square Technologies, [email protected]
Download the PDF:http://www.tenmilesquare.com/library