information collection survey for the mega manila subway project in the republic of the philippines

8/18/2019 Information Collection Survey for the Mega Manila Subway Project in the Republic of the Philippines

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[INFORMATION COLLECTION SURVEY FOR THE MEGAMANILA SUBWAY PROJECT IN THE REPUBLIC OF THEPHILIPPINES]

Table of Conen!

Table of Contents........................................................................................................................ 4

Abbreviations................................................................................................................................ 71. INTRODUCTION...................................................................................................................10

1.1. Background of the Stud..................................................................................................10

1.!. Ob"ective of the Stud......................................................................................................11

1.#. Area of the Stud............................................................................................................ 11

1.$. Sco%e of the Stud.......................................................................................................... 11

1.&. Basic Conce%t for Se'ection of Route A'ign(ent O%tions ) *ega *ani'a Sub+a......................16

!. CURR,NT SITUATION AND ISSU,S O- TRANSORT S,CTOR IN T/, TAR0,T AR,A.............17

!.1. Current Situation and Issues on Urban Deve'o%(ent...........................................................17

!.1.1. 0reater Ca%ita' Region 0CR2....................................................................................17

!.1.!. ,3%ansion fro( *etro *ani'a NCR2 to *ega *ani'a NCR 4 $ Ad"acent rovinces2..........17

!.!. Current Situation and Issues on Trans%ortation Sector .........................................................21

!.!.1. Overa''.................................................................................................................... 21

!.!.!. Road Net+ork..........................................................................................................21

!.!.#. Rai'+a Net+ork.......................................................................................................21

!.!.$. Road Traffic............................................................................................................. 22

!.!.&. Urban Trans%ort Issues.............................................................................................22

!.#. Deve'o%(ent o'ices and 'ans of Urban and Trans%ort Sectors...........................................24

!.#.1. Overa''.................................................................................................................... 24

!.#.!. S%atia' Deve'o%(ent Conce%t....................................................................................25

!.#.#. Urban Trans%ort Deve'o%(ent 'ans...........................................................................30

!.#.$. *ass Transit Net+ork................................................................................................ 31

!.$. Current Status of Re'evant ro"ects and 'ans b Other Donors and5or rivate Sector ..............32

!.$.1. ,3isting Sste(s......................................................................................................34

!.$.!. Rai'+a Sector -uture ro"ects...................................................................................41

!.&. ,3isting Rai'+a Net+ork and Trans%ort Ca%acit................................................................49

!.6. Necessit of *ega *ani'a Sub+a ro"ect and Issues in I(%'e(entation................................50

!.7. Status of 8and Ac9uisition and Current Usage of Right of :a for **S................................51

!.;. Transit Oriented Deve'o%(ent TOD2.................................................................................51

!.;.1. Conce%t and Ob"ectives of TOD..................................................................................51

!.;.!. ractice and Sche(es of TOD....................................................................................52

!.;.#. Current Situation of TOD in *etro *ani'a.....................................................................52

#. CURR,NT STATUS AND R,


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#.1.!. ,3%ro%riation= 8a+ and >uris%rudence.........................................................................54

#.1.#. rocedure................................................................................................................56

#.1.$. 8RT and *RT Track ro"ects......................................................................................57

#.!. 8ega' -ra(e+ork for Co(%ensation to 8and O+ners and Construction I(%'e(entation in re'ationto Underground Construction..................................................................................................... 60

#.#. Reco((endations for Necessar 8ega' -ra(e+ork and rocess..........................................67

$. CRIT,RIA IN CONSID,RATION O- ROUT, A8I0N*,NT OTIONS..........................................73

$.1. 0eo'ogica' Condition and Natura' Disaster Risk...................................................................73

$.1.1. 0eo'ogica' Condition................................................................................................. 73

$.1.!. Natura' Disaster Risk.................................................................................................75

$.!. Socio),cono(ic As%ects..................................................................................................78

$.!.1. o%u'ation Densit and Rai'+a Service Coverage........................................................78

$.!.!. CBD....................................................................................................................... 79

$.#. Connectivit +ith ub'ic Trans%ort Net+ork.........................................................................80

$.$. Technica' and ,ngineering As%ects....................................................................................82

$.$.1. Uti'i?ation of Dee% Underground S%ace........................................................................82

$.&. ,3isting Right of :a.......................................................................................................84

$.6. ,3isting Underground Structures.......................................................................................84

$.6.1. Substructures %i'e ca%@ %i'e@ foundation@ etc.2 of ,'evated Rai'+a and Road Structures.....84

$.6.!. Substructures %i'e ca%@ %i'e@ base(ent@ etc.2 of Bui'dings...............................................87

$.6.#. :ater Distribution i%es and Drainage -aci'ities............................................................87

$.6.$. o+er Distribution and Co((unication Cab'es.............................................................89

$.6.&. Natura' Conditions@ such as -au't@ etc..........................................................................89$.7. Benefit to Residents a'ong Rai'+a and otentia' for Deve'o%(ent a'ong Rai'+a....................90

$.7.1. Benefit to Residents a'ong Rai'+a.............................................................................90

$.7.!. otentia' for Deve'o%(ent a'ong Rai'+a.....................................................................91

$.;. Consideration of Route A'ign(ent O%tions..........................................................................91

$.;.1. oning.................................................................................................................... 91

$.;.!. Route O%tions in North one......................................................................................93

$.;.#. Route O%tions in Centra' one....................................................................................95

$.;.$. Route O%tions in South one....................................................................................104

$.;.&. Su((ar of Route O%tions......................................................................................106

&. D,*AND -OR,CAST......................................................................................................... 108

&.1. *ethod of De(and -orecast U%dating.............................................................................108

&.1.1. Orthodo3 $ Ste% *ode'............................................................................................108

&.1.!. De(and -orecast recondition.................................................................................108

&.1.#. *ethod of De(and -orecast U%dating.......................................................................109

&.!. Resu'ts of U%dated De(and -orecast..............................................................................111

6. R,8I*INAR ROUT, A8I0N*,NT 8AN...........................................................................119

6.1. Route A'ign(ent 'an....................................................................................................119

6.!. Civi' Structures............................................................................................................. 121

6.!.1. 0enera'.................................................................................................................121

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6.!.!. T%es of Civi' Structures..........................................................................................122

6.#. Station Structures......................................................................................................... 130

6.#.1. Re9uired S%ace..................................................................................................... 130

6.#.!. 'atfor( T%e.........................................................................................................133

6.#.#. Architectura' Design of Station..................................................................................135

6.#.$. ,'evator5,sca'ator ...................................................................................................136

6.#.&. Universa' Design and S%ecia' Considerations :o(en On' Cars@ riorit Seats@ etc.2.....137

6.$. Track+ork.................................................................................................................... 140

6.$.1. Ro'e of Track+ork................................................................................................... 140

6.$.!. a%anese Techno'og Civi' :orks2...............................................................149

6.6.1. Civi' Structures ,'evated2........................................................................................149

6.6.!. Civi' Structures Underground2..................................................................................1527. RAI8:A SST,*............................................................................................................. 154

7.1. ,3isting Rai'+as in *etro *ani'a....................................................................................154

7.!. Ro''ing Stock................................................................................................................ 155

7.!.1. Basic Conce%t of Ro''ing Stock.................................................................................155

7.!.!. Basic S%ecifications of Ro''ing Stock.........................................................................157

7.!.#. *a"or -eatures of Ro''ing Stock for **S.................................................................158

7.#. ,'ectric and *achiner -aci'ities.....................................................................................160

7.#.1. o+er Su%%' -aci'ities............................................................................................1607.#.!. *achiner -aci'ities................................................................................................168

7.$. Signa''ing Sste( and Te'e)co((unication Sste(s -aci'ities............................................170

7.$.1. Signa''ing Sste( -aci'ities......................................................................................170

7.$.!. Te'e)co((unication Sste(s -aci'ities......................................................................176

7.&. Train O%eration 'an..................................................................................................... 181

7.&.1. Route 'ans...........................................................................................................181

7.&.!. Train O%eration 'an...............................................................................................181

7.6. Uti'i?ation of >a%anese Techno'ogies in Ro''ing Stock and Rai'+a Sste(s..........................184

7.6.1. ast Records of Contract in the hi'i%%ine..................................................................185

7.6.!. Current Status and Interest of >a%anese Co(%anies....................................................185

8. PRELIMINAR IMPLEMENTATI!N PLAN AN" PR!#ECT C!$T..............................................187

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8.1. P%el&'&na%( I')le'entat&on Plan...............................................................................187

8.1.1. P%el&'&na%( P%o*e+t I')le'entat&on $+,e-le.....................................................187

;.1.!. ro"ect hasing Schedu'e........................................................................................188

;.!. P%el&'&na%( P%o*e+t Cost.............................................................................................191

8.2.1. $''a%( of P%o*e+t Cost.....................................................................................191

8.2.2. C&/&l $t%+t%es an- T%a+o%s...........................................................................196;.!.#. Ro''ing Stock..........................................................................................................200

;.!.$. ,* Sste(s........................................................................................................ 201

. R,8I*INAR TOD CONC,T -OR **S..........................................................................201

.1. Considerations on the ,3a(ination of TOD Scenario.........................................................201

9.2. P%el&'&na%( T!" Con+e)ts b( $tat&on........................................................................202

9.3. Case $t-( on T!" Con+e)t fo% $tat&on &n C.........................................................212

10. PR!#ECT IMPLEMENTATI!N $TRCTRE AN" !PERATI!N AN" MAINTENANCE$TRCTRE............................................................................................................................ 222

10.1. C%%ent $&tat&on of P%o*e+t I')le'entat&on $t%+t%e an- !M $t%+t%e ofRa&la(s &n Met%o Man&la.....................................................................................................222

10.1.1. "e)a%t'ent of T%ans)o%tat&on an- Co''n&+at&ons "!TC...............................222

Abbreviations

Abbreviation Full Name

AC Alternating Current

ACELP Algebraic Code Excited Linear Prediction

ADB Asian Development Bank

AFC Automatic Fare CollectionAG Automatic Gate

AGT Automated Guidea! Transit

AL" A!ala land "nc#

A$EAN Association o% $out&"East Asian NationsATAC$ Advanced Train Administration and Communications $!stem

ATC Automatic Train Control

AT' Automatic Train 'peration

ATP Automatic Train Protection

AT$ Automatic Train $top

BCDA Bases Conversion and Development Aut&orit!

BGC Boni%acio Global Cit!

BLDC Boni%acio Land Development Corporation

BLT Build(Lease(Trans%er

B)CL Bangkok )etro Public Compan! Ltd#

B'' Build('n('perate

B'T Build('perate(Trans%er

BP' Business Process 'utsourcing

B*LC Bulacan+ *i,al+ Laguna and Cavite

B-C Bene%it - Cost

CA Concession Agreement

CA)ANA.A Caloocan+ )alabon+ Navotas and .alen,uelaCA."TE/ )anila(Cavite Expressa!

CBD Central Business District

CBTC Communications Based Train Control7


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C'A Commission o% Audit

CTC Centrali,ed Train Control

DB) Department o% Budget and )anagement 0o% t&e *epublic o% t&e

P&ilippines1DC Direct Current

D)2 Diesel )ultiple 2nit

D'F Department o% Finance 0o% t&e *epublic o% t&e P&ilippines1

D'TC Department o% Transportation and Communication 0o% t&e*epublic o% t&e P&ilippines1

DP34 Department o% Public 3orks and 4ig&a!s 0o% t&e *epublic o%t&e P&ilippines1

E5) Electrical and )ec&anical

E"A Environmental "mpact Assessment

E"** Economic "nternal *ate o% *eturnE)2 Electric )ultiple 2nit

ENP. Economic Net Present .alue

ETC$ European Train Control $!stem

ET$" European Telecommunications $tandards "nstitute

E3* East 3est *aila!

FBDC Fort Boni%acio Development Corporation

FC Foreign Currenc!

F"** Financial "nternal *ate o% *eturn

F)D Ferrocarril de )anila(Dagupan

F6 Fiscal 6ear

F-$ Feasibilit! $tud!GAA General Appropriations Act

GC)T Global Cities )ass Transit

GC* Greater Capital *egion

GDP Gross Domestic Product

G4G Green&ouse Gas

G'7 Government o% 7apan

G'P Government o% t&e P&ilippines

G*DP Gross *egional Domestic Product

48 4ead9uarters

4$* 4ig& $peed *aila!"CA' "nternational Civil Aviation 'rgani,ation

"EEE "nstitute o% Electrical and Electronics Engineers

"GBT "nsulated Gate Bipolar Transistor

")' "nternational )aritime 'rgani,ation

"$' "nternational 'rgani,ation %or $tandardi,ation

"T$ "ntelligent Transportation $!stem

"T2(* "nternational Telecommunication 2nion *adiocommunication0$ector1

7B"C 7apan Bank For "nternational Cooperation

7"CA 7apan "nternational Cooperation Agenc!

7P6 7apanese 6en

LC Local Currenc!

LCD Li9uid Cr!stal Displa!

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"EC "nternational Electrotec&nical Commission

LED Lig&t Emitting Diode

LG2 Local Government 2nit

L*T Lig&t *ail Transit

L*TA Lig&t *ail Transit Aut&orit!

L*. Lig&t *ail .e&icle

LTF*B Land Transportation Franc&ising and *egulator! Board)ET" )inistr! o% Econom!+ Trade and "ndustr! 0o% 7apan1

)"CT )anila "nternational Container Terminal

)L"T )inistr! o% Land+ "n%rastructure+ Transport and Tourism 0o%7apan1

))DA )etropolitan )anila Development Aut&orit!

))$ )ega )anila $uba!

))$P )ega )anila $uba! Pro:ect

))2T"$ )etro )anila 2rban Transportation "ntegration $tud!

)'A )emoranda o% Agreement - 0$)1 )all o% Asia

)** )anila *ailroad Compan!

)*T )ass *apid Transit - )etro *ail Transit)*TA )ass *apid Transit Aut&orit! o% T&ailand

)*TC )etro *ail Transit Corporation Limited

)T$L )ass Transit $!stem Loop

).A )ega .olt Ampere

NA"A Nino! A9uino "nternational Airport

NC* National Capital *egion

NEDA National Economic Development Aut&orit!

NEDA "CC NEDA "nvestment Coordination Committee

N4A National 4ousing Aut&orit!

NL*C Nort& Lu,on *aila!s CorporationNP. Net Present .alue

N* Nort& *ail

N$CB National $tatistical Coordination Board 0o% t&e *epublic o% t&eP&ilippines1

N$C* Nort&($out& Commuter *aila!

N$' National $tatistics '%%ice 0o% t&e *epublic o% t&e P&ilippines1

N$*P Nort&($out& *aila! Pro:ect

'5) 'peration 5 )aintenance

'CC 'peration Control Center

'C$ 'ver&ead Catenar! $!stem

'D 'rigin(Destination

'DA '%%icial Development Assistance

'T$ '%%ice %or Transportation $ecurit!

PA4s Pro:ect A%%ected 4ouses

PAPs Pro:ect A%%ected Persons

PC Pre(stressed Concrete

P4B'* P&ilippine "nter Bank '%%ered *ate

P4".'LC$ P&ilippine "nstitute o% .olcanolog! and $eismolog!

P&P+ P4P P&ilippine Pesos

P4PDT Peak 4our Peak Direction Tra%%ic

P)' Pro:ect )anagement '%%iceP)$) Permanent )agnet $!nc&ronous )otor

PN* P&ilippine National *aila!s

PPP Public Private Partners&ip

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P*A P&ilippine *aila! Agenc!

P*C Programmable *oute Control

P$D Plat%orm $creen Door

P27 Public 2tilit! 7eepne!P3) Pulse 3idt& )odulation

*ATP *;gie Autonome des Transports Parisiens

*L(CELP *aiL s!stem Code Excited Liner Prediction

*'3 *ig&t(o%(3a!

$CADA $upervisor! Control And Data Ac9uisition

$LE/ $out& Lu,on Expressa!

TET*A TErrestrial Trunked *Adio

T")$ Train "n%ormation )anagement $!stem

T"$ Train "n%ormation $!stem

T'D Transit 'riented DevelopmentT*' Temporar! *estriction 'rder

TTC Travel Time Cost

T.) Ticket .ending )ac&ine

2$D 2nited $tates Dollar

.AT .alue Added Tax

.'C .e&icle 'peration Costs

...F .ariable .oltage .ariable Fre9uenc!

une !F1$. *ain ob"ective of the Road(a% Stud +as to rea'i?ethe idea' trans%ort net+ork b !F#F and the Road(a% Stud reco((ended the i(%'e(entation ofvarious %ro"ects@ such as the construction of a%%ro3. #FF k( rai'+as and a%%ro3. &FF k(high+as@ rationa'i?ation of %ub'ic trans%ort sste( and net+ork@ and trans%ortation contro'sste(.In the Road(a% Stud@ ! rai'+a 'ines in north)south direction +ere %ro%osed as the sustainab'e

deve'o%(ent (eans in the *ani'a 0reater Ca%ita' Region 0CR= # regions of the NCR@ Region IIIand I


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this Stud. A ver %re'i(inar stud +ithout consideration of detai'ed a'ign(ent and technica're9uire(ents +as carried out in the Road(a% Stud for the rea'i?ation of the sub+a %ro"ect.


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regulations

= Con%irmationo% situation

and issues inGC*transportationsector

• "mplementable

$c&eme %rom

tec&nical andtec&nologicalaspects

• Construction

cost and period

• Environmental

and $ocialConsideration

• Connectivit!

it& public

transportnetork+includingplanned lines

• Bene%it to

residents andpotential o%commercialdevelopmentalong raila!corridor

• Current situationo% *ig&t o% 3a!0*'31 as ell asissues andconcerns

• Existing

structuresburiedunderground0ater pipes and

drainage+ cables+naturalconditions+ etc#1

> *evie o%Existing Plan%orDevelopmento% )anila GC*TransportNetork and2rban

Planning asell asEstablis&mento%

• Con%irmation

andidenti%ication o%in%ormation t&atre9uiresupdatingt&roug& t&erevie o%

existingdocuments andintervies it&concerned

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Development$c&eme under Transit'rientedDevelopment

persons

• Establis&ment o%

developmentsc&eme underTransit 'rientedDevelopment0T'D1

? "mprovemento% TransportDemandForecast

• Demand %orecast

model ill beupdated

• T&e number o%

passengersboarding andalig&ting at eac&station as ellas t&e number o% passengers on

board beteenstations ill becalculated %ort&e design !ear#

Route A'ign(ent andSste(s'anning

• *oute Alignment

• *aila! $!stems

*evie o%NaturalConditions

• For eac&

alternative route

plan+ existinggeograp&icalandgeotec&nicaldata andin%ormation illbe collected andanal!,ed tostud! t&esuitabilit! andimplement

abilit! o% eac&alternative routeas t&e suba!and also to %indout issues to betaken intoconsideration#

Considerationon *iskEvaluation and)easures o%

NaturalDisaster

• Flood risk

• 4ig& tide and

eart&9uake

*oug& Pro:ect • *oug& Estimate

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CostEstimation

o% Pro:ect Cost

• Preliminar!

Economic and

FinancialAnal!sis0E"**-F"**1

Considerationo% Pro:ect"mplementation 'rgani,ationand 'perationand)aintenance'rgani,ation

• Based on t&e

existing pro:ectimplementationorgani,ation andoperation andmaintenanceorgani,ation in

raila!s o%)anila GC*+t&ose mostapplicable to t&eimplementationo% )ega )anila$uba! ill beconsidered andproposed+incorporatingopinions and

suggestions%rom t&oseconcerned in t&eP&ilippines#

<

Considerationo% Pro:ect"mplementation $c&eme andFinancing Plan

• Applicabilit! o%

PPP sc&eme0e#g# subsid!+separation o%in%rastructureand operation+outsourcing o%

operation1 andoptions o%%inancial planill be roug&l!considered#

<<

ConsiderationonEnvironmentaland $ocial"mpact

• *evie o%

natural andsocialenvironmentimpact

•

Politicalmeasure o% landac9uisition andresident

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resettlementplan andcon%irmation o%existingsituation

<=

2tili,ation o%7apaneseTec&nolog!

• "ntroduction o%

7apanesetec&nolog! t&atcan be utili,ed int&e ))$P+ e#g#measures tomitigate impactsto existingstructures+advancedconstructionmet&ods+ state

o% t&e art raila!s!stems+ etc#

<>

Creation o% >DCAD "mages

• Creation o% >D

CAD images %orundergroundsections it&complicatedcondition &eret&ere areexistingsubstructures

and t&usneig&boringconstructionould bere9uired

<?

Creation o%Pro:ect .ideo

• Creation o%

approx# > minutevideo it&narration topropagate t&e

))$P to peopleand t&oseconcerned in t&eP&ilippines

<

"ssues andConcerns %orNext $tep

• "tems to be

considered %ort&e pro:ectimplementationand constructionbod! ands!stem

• "tems to beconsidered %ort&e operation

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andmaintenanceorgani,ation

<

"mplementation o% Trainingin 7apan

• T&e training illbe implementeda%ter discussionit& 7"CA todecide t&e datesand contents o%t&e training#

• T&e training

program and itsbudget ill be

prepared b!%olloing 7"CAGuideline o%"mplementationo% Training inContract %orConsultants+ etc#0April in =


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e3%ress+a@ etc.2 are added in the %'an@ then the resu'ts of each factor for each o%tion var fro(those %resented in this Stud. Such consideration sha'' be (ade in the -easibi'it Stud stage.-o''o+ing is the (a"or ite(s used as the basis for %resenting the resu'ts of each factor for eachse'ected o%tion=

• -unctioning as North)South trans%ort backbone@ +ith se%aration in station territories +ithNorth)South Rai'+a ro"ect being carried out b >ICA and Center to (a3i(i?e thebenefit of both %ro"ects

• Design ear for De(and -orecast stud at !F!&@ !F#& and !F$&

• Design ear for ,cono(ic and -inancia' stud u% to $F ears fro( the co((ence(ent ofhase 1 revenue o%eration

• I(%'e(entation of %ro"ect in ! %hases@ +ith assu(%tion of the revenue o%eration of hase 1staring in !F!& and that of hase in !F#&

• Rough cost esti(ate for hase 1 and hase ! %ro"ect costs@ inc'uding construction cost@uti'it re'ocation cost@ ta3@ consu'tants cost@ %hsica' contingenc@ 'and ac9uisition andco(%ensation@ and anci''ar road construction necessar for construction of rai'+as a'onge3isting roads or on areas current' +ithout roads2

• No consideration of branch 'ines to other directions@ e.g. to e3isting or ne+ air%orts@ etc.

Cha%ter $ describes the detai'ed criteria in the se'ection of route a'ign(ent o%tions and the o%tionsse'ected based on such criteria@ and Cha%ter 1& sho+s the su((ar of route se'ection againstvarious studies conducted.

=# C2**ENT $"T2AT"'N AND "$$2E$ 'F T*AN$P'*T $ECT'* "N T4ETA*GET A*EA

=#


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Source: NSO (National Statistics Office)Notes: GRDP in 2000 prices.

Figure =#


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entProvinces

*i,al 1@1!


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Source= Roadmap Stud (!"#$, 201%)

Figure =#


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=#=# Current $ituation and "ssues on Transportation $ector

=#=#


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Source: &R'$

Figure =#=#>(< Existing *aila! Netork

=#=#?# *oad Tra%%ic

Road trans%ort inc'udes %rivate vehic'es and %ub'ic trans%ort vehic'es such as buses@ "ee%nes@

U< e3%ress service -L2@ ta3is@ tricc'es and %edicabs. In the Trans%ort Road(a% Stud@ aco(%arison of the esti(ated !F1! trave' de(and +ith the observed %erson tri% data b **UTISin 16 +ithin and to5fro( *etro *ani'a sho+ed an increase of 1&E b car@ +hi'e tri%s b %ub'ictrans%ort bus and "ee%ne2 dec'ined b about 7E. In ter(s of vehic'e tri%s@ the car tri%s gre+ ban average of #.#E %er ear +hi'e the %ub'ic vehic'e tri%s increased b !.!E %er ear in the %eriodof 16)!F1!. :hi'e the vehic'e o+nershi% increased 11! vehic'es %er 1@FFF %eo%'e in 1& to161 vehic'es %er 1@FFF %eo%'e in !F1F@ the vehic'e occu%anc rate in the %eriod of 16)!F1!decreased fro( !.& %ersons5vehic'e to 1.7 %ersons5vehic'e for %assenger cars@ fro( 1&.1%ersons5vehic'e to 1F.F %ersons5vehic'e for "ee%nes and fro( $6.& %ersons5vehic'e to #&.#%ersons5vehic'e for buses@ res%ective'. Thus@ car traffic has increased because of the gro+th incar o+nershi% and dec'ine of car occu%anc rate.

=#=## 2rban Transport "ssues

The significant increase in traffic vo'u(e resu'ted in congestion 'eve' (uch +orse than that in the'ate 16FGs@ in so(e cases 'eading to tota' grid)'ocks on ke arteria' and circu(ferentia' roads. An

22

T%a&n

o)e%at&onof se+t&onbeteenCaloo+an

an- Ttban

as +lose-&n 1984.


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assess(ent of the current traffic situation sho+s that (ost of the road 'inks in the net+ork areeither o%erating at or e3ceed their ca%acit see -igure !.!.&)12. &&E to 76E of traffic in road k(2in *etro *ani'a trave's at s%eed be'o+ 1F k(5h@ and 7&E to !E trave's be'o+ !F k(5h Tab'e!.!.&)12.

Source: Roadmap Stud (!"#$, 201%)

Figure =#=#(< Tra%%ic Demand-Capacit! Gap in )etro )anila *oads in =


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!.!.&)!2 This resu'ted in overcro+ding on the %'atfor(s +ith the 9ueue of %assengers reaching a''the +a do+n to the stairs and streets be'o+@ es%ecia'' during the (orning and evening hours.This causes a dangerous situation for %assengers on the %'atfor(s and in the concourse areas.

The %assengers a'so suffer unnecessar de'as and disco(fort due to de'aed trains. In addition@the over'oaded rai'+a infrastructure has been facing (echanica' %rob'e(s@ causing accidentsand o%eration sus%ensions.

Source: !"#$ Stud 'eam

Figure =#=#(= Congested Plat%orm on )*T> $tationThe %rob'e(s of the rai'+a sste( in *etro *ani'a are caused b not on' the ca%acit)de(andga% but a'so 'ack of the fo''o+ing integrations=

12 hsica' IntegrationThis is i(%ortant to attain net+ork efficienc and econo(ics of sca'e and sco%e. Anintegrated net+ork can %rovide convenience and shorter trave' ti(e for %assengers. In thecase of *etro *ani'a@ four rai'+as are o%erated but there is no co((on station fortransfer. In addition@ inter(oda' faci'ities shou'd a'so be reconsidered at the station area. Ingenera'@ the bus sto%s are a 'itt'e bit far fro( the rai'+a stations. This resu'ts in the%assengers 'oading5un'oading at not designated areas and ignoring the bus sto%s.

!2 Service Integration

This inc'udes integration of fare co''ection@ o%eration and (aintenance O*2@%rocure(ent@ %rovision of feeder services@ etc. Such integration a'so %rovides benefit forboth %assengers and o%erators. Regarding the %rovision of feeder service b serviceintegration@ the rai'+a 'ines current' in o%eration are in co(%etition +ith buses and "ee%nes %'ing the sa(e route. So(e of these buses and "ee%nes can be re'egated to%roviding feeder services for the rai' 'ine. This setu% can resu't in reduction of O* costsfor the buses and "ee%nes@ and to an increase in ridershi% for the three rai' 'ines.

#2 Institutiona' IntegrationThe hi'i%%ine setting for urban trans%ort (anage(ent is high' frag(ented. There is a 'ackof c'arit on the (andate of different govern(ent entities in charge of O* functions andregu'ations. This 'ack of organi?ationa' c'arit resu'ts in over'a%%ing of functions@ +hich inturn can resu't in (anage(ent conf'icts that hinder the govern(entGs decision)(aking%rocess. /aving different agencies se%arate' conducting their o+n %rocure(ent@ and+ithout %roduct standardi?ation@ integration of si(i'ar trans%ort sste(5subsste(s into anet+ork can be %rob'e(atic.

=#># Development Polices and Plans o% 2rban and Transport $ectors

=#>#


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high+as@ rationa'i?ation of %ub'ic trans%ort sste( and net+ork@ and trans%ortation contro'sste(.

=#>#=# $patial Development Concept

Toda@ s%atia' structure in 0CR is high' (ono)centric +ith the %ro(inent feature of *etro *ani'a. A'though deve'o%(ents are taking %'ace in C'ark@ Subic@ Tar'ac and other areas in the north and inBatangas@ Cavite and 8aguna on the south@ the are sti'' initia' stages and i(%'e(ented in a rather

uncoordinated (anner.In the Road(a% Stud@ the %recedent %'ans such as hi'i%%ine Deve'o%(ent 'an !F11P!F16 andthe deve'o%(ent %'ans of !F11)!F16 for *etro *ani'a NCR2 and t+o ad"oining regions Centra'8u?on and CA8ABARON2 +ere referred and %ro%osed the deve'o%(ent conce%ts and strategiesfor 0CR.:ith the introduction of %ro%osed deve'o%(ent conce%t and strategies@ the future +i'' be different.0ro+th centers +i'' be deve'o%ed in a hierarchica' (anner and in a +a that the are connectedand for( c'usters and the north)south trans%ort corridors can (ini(i?e negative i(%acts on theenviron(ent and avoid ha?ard risks. The urban centers and c'usters shou'd be deve'o%edhierarchica'' to decentra'i?e and co(%'e(ent the functions of each urban center and c'uster. The%ro%osed urban center and their functions are described in the tab'e be'o+.

Table =#>#=(< 4ierarc&! and Functions o% 2rban Centers in GC*

K 4ierarc&! Functions1 *egional Centers • Core cities o%

metropolitanregions &ic&s&all serve asa leadingcenter o%variousactivities in

t&e region• $el%(

sustained b!developingdiverseactivities

• *egional &ub

o% transportnetork

! $ub(*egiona

lCenters

Provincial Capitals

1

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regionalcenter andconnected to

regionalcenters or)etro )anila

• A balanced

developmentandsustainabilit!ould bepursued int&ese centers

# Potential Ne 2rbanCenters

• *esidential

tonse9uipped it&emplo!mentopportunities

• Connected to

commuterraila! orexpressa!to )etro)anila it&

emp&asis onaccess topublictransport


• rovincia' Ca%ita's= The ca%ita' of the govern(ent@ econo(@ and services of a %rovince

• Cit Centers= The center of the govern(ent@ econo(@ and services of a cit

• *unici%a' Centers= The center of the govern(ent@ econo(@ and services of a (unici%a'it

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Figure =#>#=(< $patial Development Concept %or GC*:hi'e integrated and coordinated infrastructure deve'o%(ent at the regiona' 'eve' is re9uired for

the sustainab'e deve'o%(ent of *etro *ani'a@ the ro'es of Centra' Business Districts CBDs2 in the(etro%o'is have been affecting its socio)econo(ic %erfor(ance both %ositive' and negative'.:hi'e CBDs attract invest(ents and create e(%'o(ent o%%ortunities@ the are beco(ingbott'enecks in the urban trans%ort sste(. Serious traffic congestions are observed in and aroundthe CBDs. It is e3%ected that i(%rove(ent of %ub'ic trans%ort access (a contribute to reducedroad congestions@ i(%roved (obi'it and co(fort of %ub'ic trans%ort users@ and enhanced CBDactivities.Ra%id urbani?ation created severa' CBDs +here co((ercia' and business activities areconcentrated in *etro *ani'a. The (ain CBDs are as fo''o+s.

12 *onu(ento Area Ca'oocan Cit2= This is 'ocated in South Ca'oocan +ith about &&;ha oftota' area. This area functions as a gate+a CA*ANA


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Source= Preparator Sure on etro anila #*D 'ransit Sstem Pro+ect (!"#$, 201)Figure =#>#=(= CBDs in )etro )anila

=#>#># 2rban Transport Development Plans

In the Road(a% Stud@ various %'ans for co(%rehensive urban trans%ort deve'o%(ent %ro"ects inthe 0CR co(%rising roads@ rai'+as@ air%orts and %orts to+ards !F#F@ na(ed as the HDrea('an@ +ere %ro%osed and it +as a%%roved b N,DA Board in !F1$.

There are five (ain co(%onents of the trans%ort interventions for a better *ega *ani'a. The firstco(%onent is co(%rised of urban roads. The second co(%onent is the construction ofe3%ress+as both intercit and urban. The third co(%onent is co(%rised of urban and suburbanrai's. The fourth co(%onent is the i(%rove(ent of bus and "ee%ne services. The 'ast@ but the(ost i(%ortant co(%onent@ is traffic (anage(ent. These co(%onents are (ade u% of thefo''o+ing see -igure !.#.#)12=

12 At)grade Roads= inc'udes (issing 'inks on C#@ C&@ bridges and others 1#7 k( of ne+roads f'overs side+a'ks and %edestrian faci'ities.

!2 ,3%ress+as= co(%ose of intercit e3%ress+a of $!6 k( and urban e3%ress+a net+orkof 7; k(.

#2 Urban5Suburban Rai'= co(%rising 6 (ain 'ines +ith co(bined 'ength of !$6 k( &

secondar 'ines (easuring 7! k(@ and integration of 'ines for i(%roved accessibi'it.$2 Bus5"ee%nes= inc'udes (oderni?ed f'eet and o%eration rationa'i?ed route structure and

i(%roved ter(ina's and interchange faci'ities.

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&2 Traffic *anage(ent= inc'udes Inte''igent Trans%ortation Sste( ITS2 for different (odes oftrans%ort@ traffic signa's@ traffic safet@ and traffic environ(ent and education.


Figure =#>#>(< 'verall Transport Netork Concept o% Dream Plan %or )ega )anila =>

=#>#?# )ass Transit Netork

The %ro%osed (ass transit net+ork co(%rises the fo''o+ing see -igure !.#.$)12=12 North)South backbone= T+o north)south rai' 'ines can for( the backbone of the

future (etro%o'itan area. One is the suburban co((uter service using the NR right)of)+a bet+een *a'o'os Bu'acan2 and Ca'a(ba 8aguna2 and the other is a sub+a

'ine the first ever for the countr@ connecting San >ose De' *onte in the north andDas(ariJas in the south on or around ,DSA and connecting CBDs of Cubao@Ortigas and Bonifacio 0'oba' Cit a'ong the +a.

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!2 ,3%ansion and e3tension of e3isting 'ines= 8RT 8ines 1 and ! and *RT 8ine # shou'dbe e3tended and their ca%acities e3%anded to serve the gro+ing %eri)urban areas inthe BR8C %rovinces.

#2 Other 'ines= In addition to these@ other (ain and secondar corridors shou'd be%rovided +ith ade9uate urban rai' transit sste(s such as *RT@ 8RT@ (onorai'@ BRT@de%ending on their 'oca' conditions.

:ith this envisioned sste(@ *ega *ani'a +i'' be covered +ith a tota' of #1; k( of (odern (ass)

transit sste(. This +i'' dra(atica'' i(%rove accessibi'it of the %eo%'e. *oreover@ because of theshift a+a fro( the use of road)based trans%ort i.e.@ bus5"ee%ne and cars2@ at grade roads +i''a'so be decongested.


Figure =#>#?(< 'verall Transport Netork Concept o% Dream Plan %or )ega )anila =>

=#?# Current $tatus o% *elevant Pro:ects and Plans b! 't&er Donors and-or Private$ector *ass urban rai'+a services are o%erated current' in *etro *ani'a on'. It consists of a net+orkof e'ectrified@ rai')based (ass transit sste(s that aug(ent the road net+ork sste( in tring to(eet the trans%ort de(and in the (etro%o'is. Three urban rai'+a transit sste(s %'us thehi'i%%ines Nationa' Rai'+as NR2 co((uter 'ine are no+ o%erationa' and four (ore are in the%'anning stage or a'read in the %i%e'ine for construction. In addition@ # e3tension %ro"ects ofe3isting 'ines are current' on)going or about to start bidding %rocess. The four rai'+a transitsste(s in o%eration are the fo''o+ing=

NR Co((uter service bet+een Tutuban in *ani'a and A'abang and NR 'ong distanceservices to southern 'ocations in 8u?on Is'and@ +hich is current' not in o%eration

8RT 8ine 1@ a north)south 'ine fro( Rooseve't Avenue Que?on Cit2 to Bac'aran asaCit2

8RT 8ine ! an east)+est 'ine fro( Santo'an asig Cit2 to Recto in *ani'a@ and

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*RT 8ine # a se(i)circ'e north)south 'ine fro( North Avenue in Que?on Cit to Taft Avenuein asa Cit.

The o%erationa' 'ines and future %'anned5%ro%osed 'ines are sho+n in -igure !.$)1. This cha%ter

describes the ke features of these 'ines@ services %rovided@ and the future ro'es of these 'ines inserving the urban and sub)urban trans%ortation needs of the *etro *ani'a and the 0reater Ca%ita'Region 0CR2 %o%u'ation.

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Source= !"#$ Stud 'eam

Figure =#?(< Existing and Planned *aila!s in )etro )anila 5 GC* Areas

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=#?#


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Source= NR :ebsite

Figure =#?#


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Source= &R'$Figure =#?#


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Source= #- #onsortium

Figure =#?# T&ree Di%%erent T!pes o% *olling $tock %or L*TA Line <

2.4.1.3. LRTA Line 2 (LRT-2)

The *egatren@ (ore %o%u'ar' kno+n b its generic na(e 8RT 8ine !@ is a 1#.; k( (ass transit'ine that traverses four cities in *etro *ani'a na(e' asig@ Que?on@ San >uan and *ani'a a'ongthe (a"or thoroughfares of *arcos /igh+a@ Aurora Bou'evard@ Ra(on *agsasa Bou'evard@8egarda and Recto Avenue. The *egatren@ +hich started initia' co((ercia' o%eration in A%ri'!FF#@ is the 'atest of its kind in the +or'd toda. It is an Auto(atic Train O%eration sste( +hich isat %ar in ter(s of faci'ities and techno'og +ith those in other %arts of the +or'd. It is e9ui%%ed +itha CCT< sste( that enab'es the rai'+a o%erator to (onitor activities of %assengers ande(%'oees at the stations and inside the trains. *oreover@ the 8RT ! is co((uter friend' and hasfaci'ities es%ecia'' designed for the e'der' and %ersons +ith disabi'ities. The *egatren sste(

has 1; four $2 ) car trains. ,ach train is !.6 (eters 'ong and consists of four (otori?ed cars. Onetrain can seat !#! %assengers. It can acco((odate 1@#6 (ore standing %assengers a'ong itss%acious coaches.Data fro( 8RTA sho+ed average dai' ridershi% gro+ing ra%id' fro( o%ening ear !FF$2 andthen ta%ering off after & ears@ reaching !1# thousand in !F1#. These ridershi% +ere +a be'o+b as (uch as !5#2 the origina' traffic forecast +hen the feasibi'it stud +as (ade in the 'ate1Fs.

Source= &R'$Figure =#?#(< Annual Patronage o% L*T Line =

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Source= &R'$Figure =#?#(= L*TA Line = Train

2.4.1.4. MRT Line 3 (MRT-3)

Under a B8T contract to *etro Rai' Transit Cor%oration *RTC2@ the ,DSA *RT or *RT 8ine #@ a16.)ki'o(eter (odern rai' sste( stretching a'ong ,DSA fro( North Avenue in Que?on Cit toTaft Avenue in asa Cit +as constructed fro( 1; to !FF1. This *etro Rai' sste( is designedto carr traffic in e3cess of !#@FFF %assengers %er hour %er direction initia''@ and is e3%andab'e toacco((odate $;@FFF %assengers %er hour@ %er direction. The rai' sste( has a tota' f'eet of 7#C?ech)(ade (odern air)conditioned rai' cars@ of +hich u% to 6F cars in three)car trains areo%erated dai' during the %eak hours. ,ach train can seat !16 %assengers and carr under crushca%acit 1@1;! %assengers.This 'ine has been 'osing its carring ca%acit in the recent ears due to unavai'abi'it of ro''ingstock@ reaching critica' 'eve's in !F1&@ and a'so %roviding a 'o+er)than)standard 'eve' of service

due to often %o+er interru%tions@ signa'ing %rob'e(s@ and even derai'(ents.It is e3%ected that in the co(ing (onth this situation +i'' i(%rove +ith the introduction of ne+ro''ing stock fro( China@ the i(%'e(entation of the co((on ticketing sste(@ and so(e sste(senhance(ents.

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Source= ttp://.m.com.p

Figure =#?# on ED$A

Source= R'#/DO'#

Figure =#?#

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Source= PNR/&R'/R'#/DO'#

Figure =#?# Annual Patronage o% PN*+ L*T Lines Tab'e !.$.1.$)1 sho+s a su((ar of the (ain %ara(eters of the three e3isting r ai'+a 'ines.

Table =#?#


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be 'ocated at a%ote@ near the southern end of the %ro%osed 'ine. Inter(oda' faci'ities +i'' a'so beinsta''ed at high)de(and stations.The ke features of the 8ine 1 Cavite ,3tension ro"ect@ based on the %ro"ect stud conducted b

>ICA@ are as fo''o+s. Interconnectivit to the e3isting 8ine 1 at Bac'aran Ter(ina' to for( a continuous 'ine and

trans%ort (ore %eo%'e Co(%atib'e techno'og +ith the e3isting 8ine 1 to %er(it through running of trains Integrated fare co''ection sste(@ +ith ticket co((ona'it for sea('ess trave' Inter(oda' faci'ities at three high de(and stations Co((on (aintenance faci'it for the e3tension and the e3isting 8ine 1 in asa Cit

The %ro"ect seeks to a2 i((ediate' %rovide safe@ re'iab'e and environ(ent)friend' trans%ortationservices in *etro *ani'a and the suburbs b2 i((ediate' a''eviate the +orsening traffic conditionin the arana9ue)8as inas)Bacoor 8B2 area and c2 cata'?e co((ercia' deve'o%(entaround the rai' stations. -igure !.$.!.1)1 sho+s %ro%osed a'ign(ent for this %ro"ect. The current

status of the %ro"ect@ as of *a !F1& is as fo''o+s= The concessionaire has been se'ected and a+arded@ and Concession Agree(ent CA2 +as

signed on !nd October !F1$. The contract +as a+arded to the 8ight *ani'a Rai'Cor%oration 8R*C2

The contract for Consu'ting Services for the 0rantorsG %ortion >a%anese ODA 8oan2 +asa+arded to the C*L Consortiu(. The (obi'i?ation started on !nd -ebruar !F1&.

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Figure =#?#=#a%anese ODA 8oan through >ICA +i'' be used to %rocure the ,* sste(s and track+orks of

the e3tended section@ inc'uding integration +ith the e3isting sste(.The current status of the %ro"ect@ as of *a !F1& is as fo''o+s=

The Detai'ed Design Consu'tant for the civi' +orks +as se'ected@ (obi'i?ed and a'readco(%'eted the detai'ed design of the viaduct +orks@ and conce%t design for the Design and

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Bui'd contract for the t+o stations. The Consu'tant is the Consortiu( for(ed b -DSC@RNA@ and Soosung fro( orea.

The contract for the viaduct civi' +orks +as a+arded to D.*. Consun"i Inc.@ and the +ere

(obi'i?ed b the end of A%ri' !F1&. The contract for Consu'ting Services for the ,* +orksG %ortion ODA 8oan2 +as a+arded

to the C*L Consortiu(. The (obi'i?ation started on !nd -ebruar !F1&.

2.4.2.3. Met#o Rail T#ansit Line & P#o$e%t

The *etro Rai' Transit 8ine 7 *RT)72 +i'' be the fourth ra%id transit 'ine to be bui't in *etro*ani'a. :hen co(%'eted@ the 'ine +i'' be !# k( 'ong +ith 1$ stations@ and +i'' be o%erated b theUniversa' 8RT Cor%oration U8C2. The 'ine +i'' run in a northeast direction@ traversing Que?on Citand a %art of Ca'oocan Cit in *etro *ani'a before ending at the Cit of San >ose de' *onte inBu'acan %rovince. assengers +i'' be ab'e to transfer to the e''o+ 8ine and B'ue 8ine through the*etro *ani'a Integrated Rai' Ter(ina' a.k.a. Co((on Station2 that +i'' 'ink the three 'ines at North

Avenue in Que?on Cit.Under the %ro%osa'@ the %ro"ect +i'' have a co(bined $&)k( of road and rai' trans%ortation runningfro( the Bocaue e3it of the North 8u?on ,3%ress+a N8,L2 to the intersection of North Avenueand ,DSA. The !!)k(@ 6)'ane as%ha't road +i'' connect the N8,L to the (a"or trans%ortation hubdeve'o%(ent in San >ose de' *onte. The !#)k( (ost' e'evated *RT starts fro( there and endsat the integrated station beside S* Cit North ,DSA.The construction %eriod is e3%ected to 'ast #)15! ears. U8C +i'' o%erate and (anage the sste(on beha'f of the govern(ent over !& ears +hi'e gradua'' transferring o+nershi% of the sste( tothe govern(ent in %ro%ortion to %a(ents of annua' ca%acit fees. -igure !.$.!.#)1 sho+s%ro%osed a'ign(ent for this %ro"ect.Current'@ the %ro"ect is in the fina' stage of financia' c'osing.

WThe Securities and ,3change Co((ission S,C2 a%%roved on *arch 1; the incor%oration ofS*C *ass Rai' Transit 7@ Inc.@ according to the co% of the co(%anGs artic'es of incor%orationsent to re%orters on Thursda.S*C *RT)7 has an authori?ed ca%ita' stock of 1F bi''ion@ +ith San *igue' /o'dings Cor%. )) theho'ding fir( for the cong'o(erateGs invest(ents in infrastructure )) subscribing to a fourth of itsca%ita' stock.S*C *RT)7Gs %ri(ar %ur%ose is Hto engage in and carr on a deve'o%(ent and contractingbusiness invo'ving rai'+as and rai'roads@ the docu(ent read.WHWA'ec Cru?@ head of San *igue'Gs to''+a %ro"ects@ to'd %artici%ants the cong'o(erate +i'' soonco((ence the construction of 6.#)bi''ion *etro Rai' Transit 8ine 7 *RT)72 and the !$.$)bi''ionBu'acan Bu'k :ater Su%%' ro"ect. H:e recent' got a'' the a%%rova's. Our contractor has beense'ected and +ithin the ear +e can start actua' construction Xof *RT)7Y@ *r. Cru? said.The De%art(ent of Trans%ortation and Co((unications DoTC2 'ast +eek said the *RT)7groundbreaking +i'' be he'd on A%ri' !F at the Que?on Cit *e(oria' Circ'e@ after (ore than 7ears of de'a. resident Benigno S. C. A9uino III is e3%ected to attend the event.W

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Source= &R'$

Figure =#?#=#>(< )*T( Pro:ect Proposed Alignment

2.4.2.4. No#th-South Railway P#o$e%t (NSRP)

The north %art of North)South Rai'+a ro"ect@ for(er' kno+n as North)South Co((uter Rai'+aro"ect@ +as envisioned at the beginning of the re)-easibi'it Stud of !F1! as a co((uter 'inethat +i'' eventua'' 'ink C'ark to NAIA +ith the intention of co(bining an Air%ort Rai' ,3%ressService +ith the Co((uter Service +ithin the sa(e infrastructure. 8ater@ changes +ere (ade

regarding the a'ign(ent based on stud findings@ coordination +ith re'evant agencies@ andde'iberations and decisions +ithin DOTC. A'ign(ent changes such as C'ark to -TI in *ani'a@ thenshortening the north ter(ina' to *a'o'os and e3tending the service to the south i.e.@ Ca'a(ba2@and dro%%ing the Air%ort Rai' ,3%ress Service +ere considered. Since (idd'e !F1!@ t+o studieshave been carried out +here the hori?onta' and vertica' a'ign(ents have been investigated@together +ith other %ara(eters such a de(and@ environ(enta' and socia' i(%acts@ ,* sste(s@and o%eration %'an@ a(ong others. A(ong the conc'usions fro( the (entioned studies is the decision to fo''o+ the NR Right of :aRO:2 as the basic hori?onta' a'ign(ent for the entire 'ength of sste(. /o+ever@ as the se'ecteda'ign(ent is a'so shared +ith three different high+a %ro"ects b D:/@ the vertica' andhori?onta' a'ign(ents bet+een the Ca'oocan P -TI Section have been cha''enging due to its hugecost and severe environ(enta'5socia' i(%'ications for a'' %ro"ects invo'ved. Des%ite this@ as a resu'tof coordination +ith 0O@ the NSR has been envisioned as fo''o+s=

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North South Co((uter Rai'+a ro"ect hase 12= North %art of the NSR@ i.e. *a'o'osStation to Tutuban Station@ re9uested b 0O to 0O> to be funded b >a%anese ODA8oan. The Tutuban Station is %'anned to be bui't ad"acent to Recto Avenue@ +here Tutuban

Sho%%ing *a'' is current' 'ocated. 0O>5>ICA and 0O are current' under discussion onthe re9uest.

hase != South %art of the NSR to branch off fro( So'is Station to+ard the South unti'Ca'a(ba@ %roviding a co((uter services that +i'' o%erate sea('ess' +ith the NCR in thenorth. This %ro"ect +ou'd be i(%'e(ented under Sche(e. Asian Deve'o%(ent BankADB2 has been no(inated a -inancia' Transaction Advisor for this %ro"ect@ and bidding ise3%ected b ear' !F16. This section +i'' a'so offer 'ong distance services to+ards thesouthern cities of 8u?on Is'and.

Source= DO'# and !"#$ Stud 'eam for NS#R

Figure =#?#=#?(< Nort&($out& *aila! Pro:ect )aster Plan

2.4.2.'. LRTA Line 2 est !"tension P#o$e%t

This ne+' effort for i(%'e(enting this %ro"ect +as initiated b the De%art(ent of Trans%ortation

and Co((unications DOTC2 and the 8ight Rai' Transit Authorit 8RTA2 in the 'ight of thei(%ending i(%'e(entation of %hase ! of 8RT)! e3tension to the ,ast2. Thus@ the %ro"ect can bec'assified as %hase # of 8RT)! Sste(.

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There is ver 'itt'e to add or subtract2 on the technica' as%ects of the 8ine ! +est e3tension %ro"ect P as the sub"ect has been addressed and rehashed in the afore(entioned t+o ear'ier studies.Besides@ 'ogic dictates that an e3tension shou'd fo''o+ the techno'og of the e3isting 8ine !sste(. The focus of this effort is therefore on the re)%'anning of the e3tension in the 'ight of a fir(decision to inc'ude the effect of the North South Rai'+a NSR2 ro"ect P +ith Tutuban5Divisoriaas its ter(ina' hub.This %ro"ect@ the 8RT)! hase #@ focuses on the +estern e3tension of 8RT 8ine !@ fro( the e3isting

Recto Station in the east to Tutuban NR Station near the Divisoria (arket and further to ier $a'ong Road R1F for about # k(. It +ou'd have three #2 additiona' stations. -igure !.$.!.&)1 sho+sthe %ro%osed three stations and a'ign(ent.

Source= DO'# &ine 2 est 34tension Stud

Figure =#?#=#(< Proposed Alignment and $tations %or Line = 3est ExtensionThe ob"ective of the 8ine ! hase # %ro"ect is to e3tend the e3isting 8ine ! +est+ard@ inaccordance +ith the **UTIS 'an 12 as +e'' as the (ore recent Trans%ort Road(a% Studfor the 0reater Ca%ita' Region !F1$2. The design %ara(eters +i'' essentia'' be the sa(e asthose of the origina' 'ine. The Tutuban Station is foreseen to be a (a"or transfer station P or aco((on station for NSR Co((uter Service and 8RT)!@ and thus strengthens theinterconnectivit of the evo'ving (ega *ani'a rai' net+ork. -igure !.$.!.&)! sho+s a conce%tdesign of the future Tutuban Station /ub area.

47


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Source= !"#$ 'OD Stud

Figure =#?#=#(= Future Tutuban $tation 4ub AreaThis %ro"ect has been a%%roved b N,DA to be i(%'e(ented under 0enera' A%%ro%riations Act0AA2 funding.

2.4.2.. !ast est Railway (!R) P#o$e%t

,ast :est Rai'+a ro"ect@ origina'' ca''ed *RT); ,ast Rai'@ +as based on the conce%tdeve'o%ed b a %rivate grou% ATS2@ and the first a'ign(ent conce%t +as traversing %ortions of*ani'a in Sta. *esa@ *anda'uong@ asig@ Que?on Cit and Ri?a'. It +as about 17)k( 'ong andhad 16 stations and a de%ot on a 1# ha 'ot o+ned b -i'invest@ 1.7&k( fro( San >uan station inCainta. This unso'icited %ro%osa' +as %ut on ho'd in !FF.In Se%te(ber !F1$@ *,TI has conducted a re)-easibi'it Stud to revive this %ro"ect ca''edHStud on *ediu( Ca%acit Transit Sste( ro"ect in *etro *ani'a@ +hich %ro%osed a (odifieda'ign(ent fro( Cainta@ taking Ortigas e3tension@ then turning into ADB Avenue in Ortigas CBD@then Sha+ B'vd.@ crossing ,DSA and continue unti' Aurora B'vd. connecting to 8ine ! at


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Source= 3'" Stud on edium #apacit 'ransit Sstem Pro+ect in etro anilaFigure =#?#=#(< Proposed Alignment %or E3*

2.4.2.&. Mass T#ansit Syste* Loop (MTSL)

This %ro"ect@ a'so kno+n as H*akati 8oo%@ +as %ro%osed to construct a sub+a sste( bet+eenBonifacio 0'oba' Cit B0C2 and rec'a(ation area@ %assing b *akati CBD. The esti(ated %ro"ectcost indicated in the +ebsite of ub'ic)rivate artnershi% 2 Center of the hi'i%%ines is 1#&bi''ion %esos or USD # Bi''ion@ as of *a !F1&.

Source= DO'#

Figure =#?#=#(< Proposed Alignment %or )T$L

2.4.2.+. ,loal Cities Mass T#ansit (,CMT) P#o$e%t

re)-S Stud +as carried out b *inistr of ,cono(@ Trade and Industr *,TI2 of >a%an in !F1!%ro%osing a (onorai' sste( bet+een *akati CBD@ and 0'oba' cities of B0C@ *cin'e /i''s@*cin'e :est@ Ne+%ort@ and NAIA Ter(ina's 1@ ! and #@ and fina'' +ith 8ine 1 Cavite ,3tension.Cost esti(ated for the %ro"ect is 7F bi''ion %esos. The ro"ect is current' on)ho'd.

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Source= *#D$

Figure =#?#=#(< Proposed Alignment %or GC)T

=## Existing *aila! Netork and Transport Capacit!

There are three (ass transit urban rai'+a 'ines in *etro *ani'a@ and a co((uter (ain'ine rai'+aNR2 as i''ustrated in -igure !.$)1 in the %revious section. The ke features are=

12 NR P!;.F k( 'ine +ith 16 stations@ narro+ gauge co((uter rai'@ fro( Tutuban to A'abang!2 8RT 8ine)1 1;.1 k( +ith !F stations@ standard gauge grade)se%arated (ass transit sste(@

fro( Bac'aran in the south to Rooseve't in the northern section of ,DSA@ Que?on Cit#2 8RT 8ine)! 1!.6 k( +ith 11 stations@ standard gauge (ass transit sste(@ fro( Recto in

*ani'a to Santo'an in the east$2 *RT 8ine)# 16. k( +ith 1# stations@ standard gauge (ass transit sste( a'ong ,DSA C)

$2@ fro( Taft to North Avenue.The three (ass transit 'ines and NR co((uter in *etro *ani'a carried about 1.#& (i''ion

%assengers on an average +eek)da in !F1! the NR carried a s(a'' %ro%ortion of about $6@FFF%assengers2. The dai' de(and and 'ine ca%acit characteristics of each 'ine are su((ari?ed inTab'e !.&)1. The three (ass transit 'ines co(bined carr about 1FE of the %ub'ic trans%ort%assenger)k( of trave' +ithin *etro *ani'a@ co(%ared to $;E b "ee%ne and $!E b buses onabout ;&Fk( of roads. This is a fair' good %erfor(ance co(%ared to traffic +ith "ust &1.#k( of(ass transit rai'+as +ith $$ stations e3c'uding NR2@ for a cit of over 1! (i''ion inhabitants.

Table =#(< C&aracteristics o% *aila!s in )etro )anila

@ Description PN*=1 L*TLine <

L*TLine =

)*TLine >

Total*aila!

< 8ine 8ength k(2 !;.F 1;.1 1!.6 16. #= No. of Stations 16 !F 11 1#

> !F11 Annua' a3 (i''ion2 1&.$ 1&6. 6#.; 1&;.; >?#? !F11 Average :eekda Dai'

a3 1@FFF2$6 $76 1# $;1


51/226

!F1! Average :eekda Dai'a3 1@FFF212

&F &1 !1! &7! ?

A*)%eak /our Boardinga35hr

!@FFF $#@!FF 1;@FFF $;@1FF


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and south direction. Therefore@ it is a%%arent that rai'+as connecting suburban areas and thecentra' area of the NCR sha'' be %rovided in north)south direction.To achieve such ob"ective@ there is a (aster %'an to construct north)south rai'+a uti'i?ing the right

of +a of the NR@ ca''ed North)South Rai'+a ro"ect@ being studied b >ICA for hase 1*a'o'os P Tutuban@ #7k(2 in the north %art and b Center for hase ! Tutuban)Ca'a(ba@&6k(2 in the south %art@ +here the corridor +i'' be north+est to southeast through Tutuban in thecentra' area of the NCR. The construction of the south e3tension of 8RT 8ine 1 has "ust startedand there is a %'an to further e3tend the 'ine to the south@ do+n to Das(arinas in the %rovince ofCavite. As to the north %art@ Universa' 8RT Cor%oration Bose De' *onte. A'though various %'ans have been (ade to connect the centra' area of the NCR and suburbanareas at north and south as (entioned above@ there is a vacant s%ace in both north and south

suburban areas@ +hich are the centra' %arts. Considering the e3isting %o%u'ations of the centra'%arts of north and south suburban areas and the e3%ected gro+n in the future in these areas@ it isobvious that a rai'+a connecting the centra' NCR and these areas are of essentia' and a'so ofi(%ortance to a''eviate the traffic congestions connecting these suburban areas and the centra'area of the NCR. /ence@ the *ega *ani'a Sub+a ro"ect **S2 +as %ro%osed in theRoad(a% Stud to function as the !nd north)south trans%ort backbone in the 0reater Ca%ita'Region.

=## $tatus o% Land Ac9uisition and Current 2sage o% *ig&t o% 3a! %or ))$P

A'though the deve'o%(ent of the **S initiated in the Road(a% Stud has been ackno+'edgedin the govern(ent of the hi'i%%ines as one of the ne+ rai'+a %ro"ects re9uired in the hi'i%%inesin near future@ there has been no action (ade to date regarding the 'and ac9uisition. 8andac9uisition can be started after the -easibi'it Stud is co(%'eted and the %ro%osed route isa%%roved. The e3%ected Right of :a RO:2 for the **S is current' %artia'' used as roads@either trunk roads or 'oca' roads@ +hi'e so(e %ortions are occu%ied and used either b %rivateo+ners or as %ub'ic s%ace. A'though the a'ign(ent of the **S has been %'anned uti'i?ing thee3isting roads to the (a3i(u( e3tent@ 'and ac9uisition +i'' be re9uired in areas +ith no e3istingroads@ +ith narro+ road +idth and on %rivate %ro%erties. Detai's are described in Cha%ter 1!.

=## Transit 'riented Development 0T'D1

=##


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Source= Preparator Sure on Promotion of 'OD for 6ran Raila in te Pilippines (!"#$, 201)

Figure =##a%an has a 'ong histor of rai'+a trans%ortation and (an successfu' TOD cases for accessi(%rove(ent and integrated deve'o%(ent a'ong the rai'+a corridor. Through sche(es@e3%erience and resources in the %rivate sector have been uti'i?ed to i(%'e(ent the integrateddeve'o%(ent inc'uding the deve'o%(ent of %ub'ic trans%ortation faci'ities. In >a%an@ sche(es of'and read"ust(ent and urban redeve'o%(ent have been ado%ted to deve'o% and (anage the%ub'ic trans%ortation faci'ities. The %ro"ects i(%'e(ented under these sche(es a'so %ro(ote theintensification of 'and use b the construction of the (u'ti)'aer faci'ities such as a %edestrian deckand (u'tistor %arking. Regarding the 'and intensification@ >a%anese good %ractices of uti'i?ationthe s%ace under the viaduct for co((ercia' and %ub'ic faci'ities inc'uding %ub'ic trans%ortationfaci'ities a'so can be referred to the integrated deve'o%(ent a'ong the **S.

So(e (a"or e3a(%'es of integrated deve'o%(ent in >a%an and (echanis( of the sche(es forintegrated deve'o%(ent in >a%an are referred in A%%endi3 A 12 and A%%endi3 A !2@ res%ective'.

=##># Current $ituation o% T'D in )etro )anila

In *etro *ani'a there are three 8RT5*RT 'ines and NR current' used for the urbantrans%ortation. /o+ever@ each rai'+a 'ine is deve'o%ed inde%endent' and there is ver 'i(itedcoordination bet+een 'ines to %hsica'' connect each other for s(ooth transfer. There is a'so 'essconsideration in %roviding transit s%aces for bus and "ee%ne at rai'+a station. This situationcauses for the %assengers inconvenience in transferring bet+een %ub'ic trans%ort (odes. TOD isa'so not rea'i?ed in *etro *ani'a. Rai'+a stations and bus5"ee%en ter(ina's are not constructedintegrated +ith the urban deve'o%(ent of ad"oining area both areas in urban and sub)urban. Urban

deve'o%(ents in suburban area are fu'' de%ending on the road net+ork.:hen ne+ rai'+a %ro"ect is i(%'e(ented in *etro *ani'a@ it is indis%ensab'e to incor%orate theTOD conce%t In order to %ro(ote the use of rai'+a and (a3i(i?e the benefit and %ositive i(%actof rai'+a deve'o%(ent.

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># C2**ENT $TAT2$ AND *E."E3 'F "$$2E$ 'F LEGAL F*A)E F'*

2$AGE 'F $2BTE**ANEAN $PACE>#


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forefront of crucia' %ro"ects ai(ed to i(%rove the 'ives of -i'i%inos through the efficient use ofavai'ab'e govern(ent resources.The (andates and functions of the D:/ and DOTC are so ent+ined that@ in (ost if not a''govern(ent infrastructure %ro"ects@ the are sure' to be found together in co''aboration and in%artnershi%. Together the have caused the construction of=

8RT 8ines 1 and ! *ani'a Internationa' Air%ort

,3%ansion of the hi'i%%ine Nationa' Rai'+as *RT 8ine #

Both de%art(ents@ in tande(@ have caused %rivate %ro%ert to be turned over to the govern(entfor a %ub'ic use.

>#


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>uris%rudence has a'so he'd that the 'egis'ature (a@ +ithin its (andate@ de'egate the %o+er toe3%ro%riate to other entities +ithin the State@ such as but not 'i(ited to2 (unici%a' cor%orations@other govern(ent entities@ and %ub'ic service cor%orations.11

The third re9uisite for a va'id e3%ro%riation is that the taking (ust be for %ub'ic use@ +hich hasbeen identified or 'ikened +ith H%ub'ic benefit@ H%ub'ic uti'it or H%ub'ic advantage.1!Conse9uent'@ the Hnecessit of the e3%ro%riation is a'so a%%reciated as a natura' co(%onent of%ub'ic use. It has been ru'ed@ ho+ever@ that on' a reasonab'e necessit@ rather than an abso'utenecessit@ is re9uired.1#

It is not necessar@ ho+ever@ that the entire %ub'ic actua'' benefits fro( the e3%ro%riation. Indeed@the Su%re(e Court has o%ted to 'ook at H%ub'ic use in a (uch broader sense@ 'ibera'' assigningHindirect benefit to the genera' %ub'ic even if the actua' use of the e3%ro%riated %ro%ert is 'i(itedon' to a se'ect fe+.1$

The fourth re9uisite for a va'id e3%ro%riation is the %a(ent of "ust co(%ensation to the %rivateo+ner of the e3%ro%riated %ro%ert. >ust co(%ensation has been defined as Hthe "ust and co(%'ete

e9uiva'ent of the 'oss +hich the o+ner of the thing e3%ro%riated has to suffer b reason of thee3%ro%riation@1& H+hich shou'd be neither (ore nor 'ess@ +henever it is %ossib'e to (ake theassess(ent@ than the (one e9uiva'ent of said %ro%ert.16 This is considered the true (easure ofthe inde(nit@ as o%%osed to +hatever gain +ou'd accrue to the e3%ro%riating entit17. The StateGsob'igation to %a "ust co(%ensation@ being a constitutiona' guarantee in favor of the %rivateindividua'@ is never e3tinguished b statutor %rescri%tive %eriods.1;

Quantitative'@ "ust co(%ensation is based on the %ro%ertGs actua' H(arket va'ue@ +hich has beendefined as Hthe %rice fi3ed b the buer and se''er in the o%en (arket in the usua' and ordinarcourse of 'ega' trade and co(%etition the %rice and va'ue of the artic'e estab'ished or sho+n bsa'e@ %ub'ic or %rivate@ in the ordinar +a of business the fair va'ue of %ro%ert as bet+een one+ho desires to %urchase and one +ho desires to se'' the current %rice the genera' or ordinar%rice for +hich %ro%ert (a be so'd in that 'oca'it.1

The Court has a'so he'd that@ a'ong +ith the actua' va'ue of the %ro%ert to be taken@ "ustco(%ensation (ust a'so account for Hconse9uentia' da(ages@ or da(ages to other interests ofthe %rivate o+ner that (a be attributed to the e3%ro%riation.!F >ust co(%ensation (a a'so beo+ed to %ersons other than the %rivate o+ner@ +ho %ossess 'a+fu' interest in the %ro%ert to bee3%ro%riated@ such as (ortgagors@ 'essees and vendees in %ossession under an e3ecutorcontract.!1

It is a'so i(%ortant to consider the actua' ti(e as to +hen "ust co(%ensation is to be reckoned.The genera' ru'e@ as dec'ared b the Court@ is that H>ust co(%ensation is co(%uted at either theti(e of taking or the institution of the e3%ro%riation %roceedings@ +hichever is ear'ier.!! This

hornbook %rinci%'e +as reinforced b the Court +hen it (ade the fo''o+ing %ronounce(ent in thecase of Re%ub'ic v. 8ara=!#

7ere propert is ta8en aead of te filin9 of te condemnation proceedin9s, te aluetereof ma e enanced te pulic purpose for ic it is ta8en te entr te plaintiff upon te propert ma ae depreciated its alue tere or, tere ma ae eena natural increase in te alue of te propert from te time te complaint is filed, due to9eneral economic conditions.'e oner of priate propert sould e compensated onl for at e actuall loses it isnot intended tat is compensation sall e4tend eond is loss or in+ur. $nd at eloses is onl te actual alue of is propert at te time it is ta8en.;

/o+ever@ the Court a'so effective' introduced an e3ce%tion to this ru'e in the case of Nationa'

o+er Cor%oration v. Court of A%%ea's!$

@ +hen it o%ined that in situations +here the %ro%ert va'ueincreases bet+een the ti(e of taking and fi'ing@ inde%endent' of the e3%ro%riatorGs %artici%ation orinf'uence@ then "ust co(%ensation is to be co(%uted as of the ti(e of the 'ater event.

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*oreover@ in cases +here the State does not inde(nif the %rivate 'ando+ner for the use of his%ro%ert fro( the ti(e of taking@ the 'atter is entit'ed to 'ega' interest on the %rice of the 'and fro(the ti(e it +as taken u% to the ti(e that %a(ent is (ade b the State.!& In a se%arate case@ theCourt a'so ordered the State to %a the attorneGs fees of the %rivate o+ner u%on the conc'usion of e(inent do(ain %roceedings.!6

>## Procedure

The %rocedure for the e3ercise of the %o+er of e(inent do(ain is (ain' governed b Ru'e 67 ofthe Revised Ru'es of Court of the hi'i%%ines. Su((ari'@ said %rocedure (a be out'ined +ith thefo''o+ing ste%s=12 The e3%ro%riating authorit fi'es a verified co(%'aint +ith the Regiona' Tria' Court %ossessing "urisdiction over the 'ocation of the %ro%ert in 9uestion!7@ and de%osits@ either si(u'taneous +ith or subse9uent to said fi'ing@ an a(ount e9uiva'ent to the assessed va'ue of the %ro%ert +ith anauthori?ed govern(ent de%ositar.!;

!2 If the court finds the e3%ro%riation c'ai( (eritorious@ it issues an order of e3%ro%riation +hichauthori?es the taking of the %ro%ert u%on the %a(ent of "ust co(%ensation to be deter(ined asof the date of the taking of the %ro%ert or the fi'ing of the co(%'aint@ +hichever co(es first.!

#2 U%on the rendition of the e3%ro%riation order@ the court a%%oints not (ore than three #2co(%etent and disinterested %ersons as co((issioners to reco((end to the court the "ustco(%ensation for the %ro%ert sought to be taken.#F

$2 :ithin a %eriod %rescribed b the court@ the co((issioners sub(it their re%ort as regards the%ro%er co(%ensation due the %rivate o+ner #1@ and the court@ once a'' %arties have had theo%%ortunit to co((ent@ acce%ts the re%ort and renders "udg(ent thereon.#!

,ffective'@ the %rocedure under the Ru'es of Court is a%%'ied for the %ur%ose of guaranteeing due%rocess of 'a+ for the benefit of the %rivate o+ner@ +hich is the fifth and fina' re9uisite for a va'ide3%ro%riation as enu(erated above. This %rocedure ensures that the %rivate o+ner is given a fu''o%%ortunit to %resent his side on such 9uestions as the e3istence of %ub'ic use@ the necessit ofthe taking@ and the ade9uac of the "ust co(%ensation reco((ended b the co((issioners and

a%%roved b the court.Recent 'a+s have a'so strea('ined and authori?ed the taking of %ro%ert under s%ecific ru'es. Inthe ac9uisition of %ro%ert and %ro%ert rights@ Section & of the 8i(ited Access /igh+a Act## a'so%rovides that Hthe De%art(ent of ub'ic :orks and Co((unications (a in %ursuance of e3isting'a+ reco((end the ac9uisition of %ub'ic %ro%ert and %ro%ert rights for 'i(ited access faci'itiesand service roads@ inc'uding the rights of access@ vie+ and 'ight b gift@ devise@ %urchase orconde(nation.#$

As far as the right)of)+a ac9uisition for nationa' infrastructure and other %ur%oses@ Section $ ofthe Act to -aci'itate the Ac9uisition of Right)of)+a@ Site or 8ocation for Nationa' 0overn(entInfrastructure ro"ects and for Other ur%oses#& %rovides the ru'es for e3%ro%riation %roceedings=B. U%on the fi'ing of the co(%'aint@ and after due notice to the defendant@ the i(%'e(enting agenc

sha'' i((ediate' %a the o+ner of the %ro%ert the a(ount e9uiva'ent to the su( of 12 onehundred %ercent 1FFE2 of the va'ue of the %ro%ert based on the current re'evant ?ona' va'uationof the BIR and !2 the va'ue of the i(%rove(ents and5or structures as deter(ined under Section 7hereofC. In %rovinces@ cities@ (unici%a'ities and other areas +here there is no ?ona' va'uation@ the BIR ishereb (andated +ithin the %eriod of si3t 6F2 das fro( the date of the e3%ro%riation case@ toco(e u% +ith a ?ona' va'uation for said area andD. In case the co(%'etion of a govern(ent infrastructure %ro"ect is of ut(ost urgenc andi(%ortance@ and there is no e3isting va'uation of the area concerned@ the i(%'e(enting agencsha'' i((ediate' %a the o+ner of the %ro%ert its %roffered va'ue taking into consideration thestandards %rescribed in Section & hereof. In the event that the o+ner of the %ro%ert contests the

i(%'e(enting agencGs %roffered va'ue@ the court sha'' deter(ine the "ust co(%ensation to be %aidthe o+ner +ithin si3t 6F2 das fro( the date of fi'ing of the e3%ro%riation case. :hen the decisionof the court beco(es fina' and e3ecutor@ the i(%'e(enting agenc sha'' %a the o+ner the

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difference bet+een the a(ount a'read %aid and the "ust co(%ensation as deter(ined b thecourt.*oreover@ the sa(e 'a+ a'so %rovides for the fo''o+ing additiona' (ethods of ac9uisition=

1. Quitc'ai(!. ,3change or barter#. Donation$. Negotiated sa'e&. ,3%ro%riation and6. An other (ode as %rovided b 'a+.

Section & of RA ;7$ sets the standards for the assess(ent of the va'ue of the 'and sub"ect toe3%ro%riation %roceedings or negotiated sa'e. In order to faci'itate the deter(ination of "ustco(%ensation@ the court +i'' consider a(ong other +e'')estab'ished factors such as=

1. The c'assification and use for +hich the %ro%ert is suited!. The deve'o%(enta' costs for i(%roving 'and

#. The va'ue dec'ared b the o+ners$. The current se''ing %rice of si(i'ar 'ands in the vicinit&. The reasonab'e disturbance co(%ensation for the re(ova' and5 or de(o'ition of certain

i(%rove(ents on the 'and and for the va'ue of i(%rove(ents thereon6. The si?e@ sha%e or 'ocation@ ta3 dec'aration and ?ona' va'uation of the 'and7. The %rice of the 'and as (anifested in the ocu'ar findings@ ora' as +e'' as docu(entar

evidence %resented and;. Such facts and events as to enab'e the affected %ro%ert to have sufficient funds to ac9uire

si(i'ar')situated 'ands of a%%ro3i(ate areas as those re9uired fro( the( b thegovern(ent@ and thereb rehabi'itate the(se'ves as ear' as %ossib'e.

>#a%an Internationa' Coo%eration Agenc>ICA2to conduct and dra+ studies for the (oderni?ation of the hi'i%%ine traffic and trans%ort sste(.>ICAGs stud suggested the construction of a series of five &2 circu(ferentia' roads and a track)based (ass trans%ort sste( that ran a'ong one of the (a"or high+as in the (etro%o'is. *ost ofthe high+a reco((endations +ere ado%ted@ +hich 'ed to deve'o%(ent of the C1 to C& sste( ofroads./o+ever@ due to the costs invo'ved in %utting u% an e'ectric train@ (ass trans%ort %ro"ect +asshe'ved. The (ass trans%ort %ro"ect +as again revived a decade 'ater. This ti(e@ under a grantco(ing fro( the :or'd Bank@ -ree(an -o3 and Associates +as asked to i(%rove on the >ICAreco((endations. The u%dated stud ca''ed for an e'evated train sste( to b%ass the (anintersections that (ar hi'i%%ine high+a. It a'so increased the %ro"ected costs fro( One Bi''ion-ive /undred *i''ion esos 1@&[email protected] to T+o Bi''ion esos in 177.On >u' 1!@ 1;F@ The 8ight Rai' Transit Authorit +as created via e3ecutive fiat of resident*arcos and t+o ears 'ater@ on Dece(ber 1@ 1;$@ the first 'ine of the 8RT +as co((issioned.The 8RTA sti'' (anages and (aintains the different e3isting co((uter routes@ (ain' based onTaft Avenue and its intersections.*etro Rai' Trans%ort Cor%oration5*RT#The *etro Rai' Transit Cor%oration is a cong'o(eration of Aa'a 8and@ Inc.@ -i' ,state

*anage(ent Inc.@ Ang'o)hi'@ Inc.@ Ra(car Inc.@ 0reenfie'd Deve'o%(ent Cor%oration@ Ante' 8and/o'dings Inc.@ and DB/ Inc@ in %artnershi% +ith the DOTC. It +as incor%orated not via s%ecia'charter or 'a+ but through the hi'i%%ine Cor%oration Code@ si(i'ar to 'oca' cor%orations. Under aBui'd)8ease)and)Transfer sche(e@ it +as envisioned that the different o+ners the train sste(

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+ou'd secure the funding to co(%'ete and e3ecute the %ro"ect and 'ease it to the govern(ent. Inturn@ the De%art(ent of Trans%ortation and Co((unications +ou'd ho'd the franchise and actua''o%erate the %ub'ic trans%ort sste(.-or(a'' inaugurated on >u' 1&@ !FFF@ the *RT o%ened its 'ines to serve a'' of the %'annedthirteen 1#2 stations. Since then@ it has continua'' served the riding %ub'ic@ es%ecia'' those +hoco((ute via the e3%anse of the ,%ifanio De'os Santos Avenue ,DSA2.RO: ,3%erience

In both (ass trans%ort %ro"ects@ the need +as for DOTC or its %artners to construct e'evatedtrains@ tracks and anci''ar structures (ore or 'ess on e3isting nationa' thoroughfares that theD:/ o%erates and (aintains. In the case of 8RT@ it +as on Taft Avenue@ *ani'a. -or *RT#@ it+as on ,%ifanio de 'os Santos Avenue ,DSA2 that stretches fro( Ca'oocan to *akati.It shou'd be taken into consideration that not a'' structures@ bui'dings and %rovisions needed for8RT! and *RT# are 'ocated on govern(ent %ro%ert or nationa' high+as. So(e faci'ities 'ikestations and ticketing out'ets are on %ro%ert outside of the thoroughfare boundaries. It +as onthose 'ocations that DOTC used the e3%ro%riation %rocess to garner entr and %ossession ofneeded 'and for the %ro"ect. A%art fro( traversing %rivate' o+ned %ro%erties@ (an infrastructure%ro"ects undertaken b the nationa' govern(ent often re9uire %assage either through or under

nationa' roads@ high+as@ and5or other %ub'ic' o+ned %ro%erties. In this regard@ it is instructive tonote that a'' such nationa' roads and high+as are 'ega'' under the (anage(ent and su%ervisionof the De%art(ent of ub'ic :orks and /igh+as. S%ecifica''@ ,3ecutive Order No. 1!$ s. 1;72@+hich reorgani?es and redefines the %o+ers and functions of the D:/@ contains the fo''o+ingre'evant %rovisions=

HSection #. Dec'aration of o'ic. The State sha'' (aintain anengineering and construction ar( and continuous' deve'o% itstechno'og@ for the %ur%ose of ensuring the safet of a'' infrastructurefaci'ities and securing for a'' %ub'ic +orks and high+as the highestefficienc and the (ost a%%ro%riate 9ua'it in construction. The %'anning@design@ construction and (aintenance of infrastructure faci'ities@

es%ecia'' nationa' high+as@ f'ood contro' and +ater resourcedeve'o%(ent sste(s@ and other %ub'ic +orks in accordance +ithnationa' deve'o%(ent ob"ectives@ sha'' be the res%onsibi'it of such anengineering and construction ar(. /o

information collection survey for the mega manila subway project in the republic of the philippines

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