infrastructure for mercury waste management in nigeria -current state … · 2020. 9. 16. ·...

Presented By

Department of Pollution Control and Environmental HealthFederal Ministry of Environment

AtTheStakeholders’MeetingonMercuryFreeDentistryinNigeria

OrganizedByNigerianDentalassociation

24 July, 2019

INFRASTRUCTURE FOR MERCURY WASTE MANAGEMENT IN NIGERIA-CURRENT STATE OF

AFFAIRS AND FUTURE PLANS

PRESENTATION OUTLINE

ØTheMinamata ConventiononmercuryandManagementofmercurywasteØWhatismercurywasteØExamplesofmercurywasteØExamplesofmercurywastetobetreatedØStructureoftheBaseltechnicalguidelines(TG)forESMofmercurywasteØMercuryWasteManagement:NigeriaScenarioØWayforward/FuturePlans

THEMINAMATACONVENTIONONMERCURYANDMANAGEMENTOFMERCURYWASTE

ØThe overall objective of the Minamata Convention on Mercury is to protecthuman health and the environment from anthropogenic emissions andreleases of mercury and mercury compounds.

ØNigeriabecameaPartytotheConventionon1st February2018

ØMercurywastesisoneofthemajorareascoveredbytheoperationalarticlesoftheconvention

THEMINAMATACONVENTIONONMERCURYANDMANAGEMENTOFMERCURYWASTE

ØThe convention defines mercury wasteand requires that it should be:• Managed in an environmentally sound manner, taking into account theguidelines developed under the Basel Convention and in accordance withrequirements specified by the Conferenceof the Parties• Only recovered, recycled, reclaimed or directly re-used for a use allowed to aParty under this Convention or for environmentally sound disposal

ØThe Basel Convention controls the transboundary movements of hazardouswastes and other wastes and promotes its environmentally soundmanagement.

WHATISMERCURYWASTE

ØArticle11oftheMinamataConventiononmercurydefinesmercurywastesassubstancesorobjects:

(a) Consistingofmercuryormercurycompounds;(b) Containingmercuryormercurycompounds;or(c) Contaminatedwithmercuryormercurycompounds,

ØThisdefinitionexcludesoverburden,wasterockandtailingsfrommining,exceptfromprimarymercurymining,unlesstheycontainmercuryormercurycompoundsabovethresholdsdefinedbytheConferenceoftheParties.

EXAMPLESOFMERCURYWASTEØMercurymining wasteØMercury from chlor-alkali facility decommissioningØDiscarded or end-of life mercury-added productsØProduction wastes from manufacture of mercury products that exceed athreshold defined by the Conferenceof Parties

ØScrap dental amalgamand contaminated packagingØManufacturing process residuals from would be wastes covered by Article 11,to the degree that they contain mercury or compounds exceeding anapplicable threshold.

ØResiduals from decommissioning facilities that have used mercury or itscompounds in manufacturing

EXAMPLESOFMERCURYWASTEØASGMminingwastesØContaminatedsoilanddebrisexcavatedinthecourseofremediatingformerASGMsites

ØAirpollutioncontrolresiduesresultingfromemissionscontrolsunderArticle8ØOtherairpollutioncontrolresiduesiftheycontainmercuryormercurycompoundsexceedingathreshold.

EXAMPLESOFMERCURYWASTETOBETREATED

Category AWaste consisting of mercury

or mercury compounds

Category BWaste containing mercury or

mercury compounds

Category CWaste contaminated with

mercury or mercury compounds

A wide range of mercury waste to be treated

Mercury

Dental amalgam

Contaminated soils

Decommissioning

Mercury lamps

Measurement devices

Batteries

STRUCTUREOFTHEBASELTECHNICALGUIDELINES(TG)FORESMOFMERCURYWASTE

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Subchapter Contents

General concept of ESM

Definitions by the Basel Convention and OECD, Life-cycle management of mercury

Legislative and regulatory framework

Major items provided by laws and regulations1. Registration of waste generators2. Reduction and phase-out of mercury in products and industrial processes3. Transboundary movement requirements4. Authorization and inspection of disposal facilities

Identification and inventory

Identification (sources and types of mercury wastes)Necessity of preparing inventories

Sampling, analysis and monitoring

Methods of liquid, solid and gas sampling; analysis of mercury in waste, flue gas and wastewater; monitoring of effects of the management of hazardous waste


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Subchapter Contents

Waste prevention and minimization

Principles of waste prevention and minimization in ASGM, VCM production, and chlor-alkali production and for mercury-added products

Handling, separation, collection, packaging, labelling, transportation andstorage

Key points and technical/operational considerations by waste type (elemental mercury, mercury-added products, wastes contaminated with mercury)

Environmentally sound disposal

Recovery operations; Operations not leading to recovery of elemental mercury

Reduction of mercury releases from thermal treatment and disposal of waste

Key points to reduce mercury emissions from thermal treatment facilities and mercury releases from landfills


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Subchapter Contents

Remediation of contaminated sites

Methods to identify/remedy contaminated sites and emergency response

Health and safety Employers’ responsibilities to ensure health and safety of employees engaged in mercury waste management, basic knowledge required for employees

Emergency response Items to be included in emergency response plans, special considerations for spillage of elemental mercury

Awareness and participation

Importance of awareness and participation in implementing ESM of mercury wastes, examples of programs for public awareness and participation

MERCURYWASTEMANAGEMENT:NIGERIASCENARIO• Population is estimated at 182 million, about 70percent of the population is rural but the rate ofurbanisation is high with significant rural urbanmigration.

• Waste Management services are typically confined to urban areas and even here, local authorities areexperiencing difficulties in providing sustainable efficient services.

• Three principal sources from which waste arises in Nigeria are: residential or domestic wastes,commercial wastes and Industrial wastes

• The composition, volume and weight of wastes vary from place to place depending on such factors as theculture and ways of life of the people , economic activity in the area and the population size of the urbancentre.

• Across Nigeria, the average rate of solid waste generation is estimated as 0.5kg per person per day, that isabout 90,000 tonnes per day or about 33Mt/yr.

• Total volumeofwastewater treated each year is 394, 200,000m3wastewater per year.• The effective management of wastes especially the hazardous wastes are critical to ensuring a safe andhealthy environment.

MERCURYWASTEMANAGEMENT:NIGERIASCENARIO

DUMPSITESINNIGERIA

MERCURYWASTEMANAGEMENT:NIGERIASCENARIOSOURCESOFMERCURYWASTESINNIGERIATheMinamata InitialAssessment(MIA)conductedin2015-2017 identifiedthefollowingassourcesofmercurywastesinNigeria:• Metal(aluminum,copper,gold,lead,primaryferrous,other• Non-ferrousmetals)extractionandinitialprocessing• Coalcombustioninlargepowerplants• Extraction,refininganduseofnaturalgas• Cementproduction• Pulpandpaperproduction• MercuryinProductsi.e Thermometerswithmercury,Electricalandelectronicswitches,contactsandrelayswithmercury,Lightsourceswithmercury,Batteriescontainingmercury,Biocidesandpesticides,andPharmaceuticalsforhumanandveterinaryUses,Dentalmercury-amalgamfillings,


ManometersandgaugesLaboratorychemicalsandequipment,Productionofrecycledferrousmetals(ironandsteel),Incinerationofmunicipal/generalwasteIncinerationofhazardouswasteIncinerationofmedicalwaste• ControlledLandfills/depositsInformalLocalDisposalofIndustrialProduction• WasteInformalDumpingofGeneralWasteWastewaterSystem/treatmen• Crematoria

MERCURYWASTEMANAGEMENT:NIGERIASCENARIOWASTEMANAGEMENTPRACTICE• Wastes are not sorted in Nigeria and are made up of biodegradable wastes, recyclablematerials, inert wastes, composites wastes and in most cases hazardous wastes includingmercury wastes.• These wastes are transported and dumped in designated and most times non-designatedopen sites. Hazardous wastes including mercury wastes are lumped together with municipalwaste at dump sites.• Clinical wastes: In some cases clinical wastes consisting of among others pharmaceuticalproducts, syringes, needles or other sharp instruments are collected seperately. Althoughmost health institutions are being sensitised on waste segregation.• Industrial wastes: Industrial wastes are also collected seperately in some industries.

WASTECOLLECTIONWastecollection servicesinNigeriaarelargelyconfinedtotheurbancentres.TheyareofferedbyStateGovernmentsprincipallyaspublicsectorserviceswithsomelevelofformalpublic-privateparticipation(PPP).Theyare,however,considered inefficientwithfewschemescollectingmorethan5%ofthewastegeneratedanditisnotuncommontoseeinformalwastecollectorsusinglocalvehicles(pushcarts)forcollectionservicesfromdoortodoorinsomepartsofNigeriancities.Manyscavengersalsomanuallysegregateresourcesfromwasteatthedumpsites.


Manyscavengersalsomanuallysegregateresourcesfromwasteatthedumpsites.

MERCURYWASTEMANAGEMENT:NIGERIASCENARIOWASTETREATMENT• Inmostcases,Wastes(includingmercurywastes)dumpedunmanagedanduncontrolledonanyavailablelandaretypicallyburnedperiodicallyprincipallytoreducethevolume,especiallyintheruralareas.• Medicalwastescollectedareincineratedandthermaldesorptionunit(TDU)areusedtotreatdrillcuttingsfromtheoilandgasindustry.• Otherhazardouswastesareexportedtodevelopedcountriesfortreatment inaccordancewiththeprovisionsoftheBaselConventionbecauseappropriatetreatmentfacilitiesarenotavailableinNigeria.• Incineratorsforthetreatmentofmedicalwastearelocatedasfollows:• LagosStateUniversityTeachingHospital(LUTH).• UniversityCollegeHospital(UCH)Ibadan.• Oshodi LocalGovernmentArea.• Idu NationalTeachingHospital,Lagos.• UniversityofIlorinTeachingHospital.• FederalMedicalCentre,Owo,OndoState.• National InstituteofMedicalResearch,Yaba,Lagos.

MERCURYWASTEMANAGEMENT:NIGERIASCENARIO• NationalOrthopedicHospital,Igbobi,Lagos.• FederalMedicalCentre,Gombe.• NAFDACLaboratory,Kaduna.• AhmaduBelloUniversityTeachingHospital,Zaria.• NationalOrthopedicHospital,Enugu.• NationalOrthopedicHospital,Dala.• PrivatelyownedIncineratorse.g.DELWasteManagement• CompanyLimited,Onne,RiversState;andBoskel ThermalProcessEngineeringandEnvironmentalManagement,PortHarcourt,RiversState.

Waysofensuringmercurywastemanagement• Prescribingpermissiblelimits ofmercuryemissionsandreleases• Enforcingenvironmentalregulations• Sensitisationofpopulace


INSTITUTIONAL STRUCTURETheagenciesresponsibleformercurywastemanagementare:• FederalMinistryofEnvironment(FMEnv)establishedin1999.• NationalOilSpillDetectionandResponseAgency(NOSDRA)createdin2006.• NationalEnvironmentalStandardsRegulatoryandEnforcementAgency(NESREA)createdin2007.

MERCURYWASTEMANAGEMENT:NIGERIASCENARIOHAZARDOUSWASTEMANAGEMENTLAWS,REGULATIONSANDCONVENTIONSThereareexistinglegislations,regulationsandguidelinesforthereductionand/oreliminationofhazardswastegenerationinNigeria.Theyinclude:• HarmfulWasteAct(Decree42of1988)retainedasCapHILFN2004thatprohibitsthedepositingofharmfulwasteintheair,landorwaters;

• EnvironmentalImpactAssessmentActretainedasCapEI2LFN2004;• TheNationalEnvironmentalSanitationPolicy(2005)describessolidwastemanagementstrategiestoimproveandsafeguardpublichealthandwelfare.

• TheNationalEnvironmental(SanitationandWastesControl)Regulations(2009)providethelegalframeworkfortheadoptionofenvironmentallyfriendlypracticesinsanitationandwastemanagement.

• GuidelinesfortheManagementofSolidandHazardousWasteandNationalHealthcareWasteManagement-Guidelinesareusedforsoundmanagementofhazardousandhealthcarewastes.

• EnvironmentalGuidelinesandStandardsforthePetroleumIndustry inNigeria2002;PetroleumDrillingandproductionRegulation1967;

• GuidelinesonHazardousChemicalsManagement;• GuidelinesonPesticidesManagement;• NationalEnvironmental(MiningandProcessingofCoal,OresandIndustrialMinerals)Regulations,• S.I.No.31of2009:NationalEnvironmental(Electrical/ElectronicSector)Regulations,S.I.No.23of2011.GuideforImportersofUEEE.


InternationalConventions:InternationalConventionsincludes• BamakoConventionontheBanoftheImportintoAfricaandtheControlofTransboundaryMovementandManagementofHazardousWasteswithinAfrica;• BaselConventionontheControlofTransboundaryMovementsofHazardousWastesandtheirDisposal,includingitsBan.BaselConventionsignatoriesarerequiredtoobtainwrittenconsentofthecompetentauthoritybeforethemovementoccurs• RotterdamConventiononthePriorInformedConsentProcedure(PIC)forCertainChemicalsandPesticidesinInternationalTrade;• StockholmConventiononPersistentOrganicPollutants(POPsConvention)• Minamata ConventiononMercury


CHALLENGES• Lackoffacilitiestomanagemercurywaste• Cominglingofwastecollectionanddisposal• Inadequatefunding,• Lackofcomprehensivelegalframeworkandenforcementoftheexistingregulations• Inadequateinstitutionalframework• Wrongattitudeofthepublictowardssolidwastedisposal,

WAYFORWARD/FUTURE PLANS

• DomesticationandEffectiveimplementationofmercurymanagementrelatedMEAs• MainstreamingofchemicalsandwastesmanagementissuesintonationaldevelopmentPlanstoenableadequatefundingofrelatedprogrammesandinitiatives• Introductionandeffectiveimplementationofsortingprogrammetoensureseparationmercury-containingproductsfrommunicipalwastestreamsatpointofgeneration.• Separationofdiscardedmedicaldevicescontainingmercuryfromotherclinicalwastes• Developmentofenvironmentallysoundinterimstorage facilityformercurywastepriortodisposalunderthetermsoftheBaselConvention.• Strengthenpublic–privatepartnershiptofostersoundmanagementofmercurywastes• StrengthenGovernmentspolicyonPolluterPaysPrinciple(PPP),whichprescribesthatthepollutershouldbearthecostofpreventing,andremediatingpollution.

SAYNOTOMERCURY

THANKYOUFORYOURATTENTION

infrastructure for mercury waste management in nigeria -current state … · 2020. 9. 16. ·...

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