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Initial Environmental Examination

November 2011

PAK: MFF Power Transmission Enhancement

Investment Program – Proposed Tranche 3

Prepared by National Transmission and Despatch Company for the Asian Development Bank.

Power Transmission Enhancement Multitranche Financing Facility – Tranche 3 220 kV Sub station Mansehra IEE Report

TABLE OF CONTENTS EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

Page No. 1. INTRODUCTION 1-1 1.1 GENERAL 1-1 1.2 PROJECT DETAILS 1-2 1.3 BACKGROUND 1-4 1.4 PROJECT LOCATION 1-5 1.5 PROJECT CATEGORIZATION 1-8 1.6 OBJECTIVES OF THE REPORT 1-8 1.7 STRUCTURE OF THE REPORT 1-8 1.8 METHODOLOGIES OF PERFORMING THE STUDY 1-9 1.9 ENVIRONMENTAL AND RESETTLEMENT ISSUES 1-9 2. LEGAL AND ADMINISTRATIVE FRAMEWORK POLICY 2-1 2.1 REGULATORY REQUIREMENTS IN PAKISTAN 2-1 2.2 NATIONAL CONSERVATION STRATEGY 2-1 2.3 NATIONAL ENVIRONMENT POLICY 2-1 2.4 GUIDELINES FOR ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT 2-2

2.4.1 Guidelines for the Preparation and Review of Environmental Reports, Pakistan Environmental Protection Agency, 1997 2-2 2.4.2 Guidelines of Public Consultation, Pakistan Environmental Protection Agency, May, 1997 2-2

2.5 ENVIRONMENTAL INSTITUTIONS AND THEIR RESPONSIBILITIES 2-3 2.5.1 Provincial EPA 2-3 2.5.2 Provincial Departments of Forestry and Wildlife 2-3 2.5.3 Local Government and Municipalities 2-3 2.5.4 Environmental and Social Impacts Cell (ESIC) 2-3 2.5.5 Environment-Related Statutes 2-4

2.6 ASIAN DEVELOPMENT BANK GUIDELINES 2-5 2.7 NATIONAL ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY STANDARDS (NEQS) 2000 2-6

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2.8 INTERNATIONAL CONVENTIONS 2-14


3. DESCRIPTION OF THE PROJECT 3-1 3.1 GENERAL 3-1 3.2 THE PROJECT 3-1 3.3 OBJECTIVES OF THE PROJECT 3-3 3.4 DESCRIPTION OF THE PROJECT 3-3 4. DESCRIPTION OF ENVIRONMENT 4-1 4.1 Project Area Introduction 4-1

4.1.1 General Characteristics of Project Area 4-1 4.1.2 Affected Administrative Units 4-1

4.1.3 Land Status in Project Area…………………………………………………… 4-2

4.2 PHYSICAL Resources 4-2 4.2.1 Location 4-2 4.2.2 Water Resources and Water Quality 4-4 Surface water 4-4 Ground water 4-4 4.2.3 Topography, Geography, and soils 4-5

4.2.4 Geotechnical Investigation of proposed Area-Fault of Area 4-6

4.2.5 Climate and Hydrology………………………………………………………… 4-7

4.3 ECOLOGICAL RESOURCES 4-11 4.3.1 Major Flora of Project Area 4-13

4.3.2 Fauna of the Area 4-14 4.4 Economic Development 4-17 4.5 Protected Areas / National Sanctuaries 4-17

5. ANALYSIS OF ALTERNATIVES 5-1 5.1 No Project Option/Worst Scenario Option 5-1 5.2 Alternative Construction Method 5-2 5.3 Alternative Geometry 5-2 5.4 Option of Employing Outside Labour Instead Of Local Labour 5-3 5.5 Summary of Alternatives 5-4 5.5 Proposed schedule for implementation 5-4

6. PUBLIC CONSULTATION AND DISCLOSURE 6-1 6.1 CONSULTATION PROCESS 6-1 6.2 STAKEHOLDER IDENTIFICATION 6-3 6.3 CONSULTATION FINDINGS 6-4 6.4 GENDER COMPONENT 6-5

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6.5 SOCIAL FRAMEWORK AGREEMENT (SFA) 6-6


Parties 6-6 Agreement Contents 6-6

7. ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT AND MITIGATION

MEASURES 7-1 7.1 METHODOLOGY 7-1 7.2 IMPACT ASSESSMENT – OVERVIEW 7-2 7.3 EXPLANATION OF THE IMPACT ASSESSMENT 7-2

7.3.1 Detail design & pre construction phase 7-2 7.3.2 Construction Phase 7-7

7.3.2.1 Land Resources 7-8 7.3.2.2 Hydrology and Water Resources 7-14 7.3.2.3 Air Quality and Noise Pollution 7-16 7.3.2.4 Biological Resources 7-18 7.3.2.5 Socioeconomic, Cultural and Archaeological Issues 7-19 7.3.2.6 Health & Safety 7-20

7.3.3 Operational and Management Phase 7-21 7.3.4 Socio-economic Impacts on the overall Project Area 7-35

8. ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN (EMP) 8-1 8.1 INTRODUCTION 8-1

8.1.1 Objective of Environmental Management Plan 8-1 8.1.2 Regulatory Requirements and Applicable Standards 8-2

8.1.2.1 National Regulatory Requirements 8-2 8.1.2.2 ADB Procedures 8-3 8.1.2.3 Status of Regulatory Clearances 8-4

8.1.3 Components of the EMP 8-5 8.2. ORGANIZATIONAL STRUCTURE AND RESPONSIBILITIES 8-5

8.2.1 Management Approach 8-5 8.2.2 Environmental and social impact Cell (ESIC) 8-6 8.2.3 Contractor 8-7 8.2.4 Government Agencies 8-7 8.2.5 NTDC Board of Directors 8-7 8.2.6 Organizational Structure 8-8

8.3. IMPACT ASSESSMENT AND MITIGATION PLAN 8-12 8.3.1 Mitigation Plan 8-12 8.3.2 Management Plan 8-12

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8.4. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING PLAN 8-26


8.4.1 Objectives 8-26 8.4.2 Monitoring 8-37

8.4.2.1 Effects Monitoring 8-37 8.4.2.2 Compliance Monitoring 8-37 8.4.2.3 Post-Project Monitoring 8-38 8.4.2.4 Third Party Monitoring / Environmental Audit Annually 8-38

8.4.3 Reporting Structure and Outcomes 8-40 8.4.3.1 Data Recording and Maintenance 8-41 8.4.3.2 Storage of information 8-41 8.4.3.3 Meetings 8-41 8.4.3.4 Photographic record 8-41 8.4.3.5 Social complaints register 8-41 8.4.3.6 Change record register 8-41 8.4.3.7 Reporting 8-41

8.4.4 Communication Strategy 8-42 8.5. PUBLIC CONSULTATION AND DISCLOSURE 8-43

8.5.1 Meeting with local and regional officials 8-43 8.5.2 Meeting with Local Communities 8-44

8.6. ENVIRONMENTAL TECHNICAL ASSISTANCE AND TRAINING PLAN 8-44

8.7. CHANGE MANAGEMENT 8-44 8.8. ESTIMATED COST OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 8-44 9. GRIEVANCE REDRESS MECHANISM 9-1 9.1 GENERAL 9-1 9.2 INSTITUTIONAL ARRANGEMENT 9-1

9.2.1 Management Responsibilities 9-1 9.3 Environmental and Social Complaints Register 9-4

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LIST OF TABLES

Page No. Table - 2.1: Pak EPA NEQS (2000) for Effluent Discharge 2-6 Table - 2.2: Pak EPA NEQS (2000) for Gaseous Emission 2-7 Table - 2.3: Pak EPA NEQS (2009) for Vehicular emissions 2-9 Table - 2.4: Pak EPA NEQS (2010) for Noise Level 2-10 Table - 2.5: Pak EPA NEQS (2010) for Drinking Water 2-10 Table - 2.6: Pak EPA NEQS (2010) for Ambient Air Quality 2-13 Table - 4.1: Maximum & Minimum Annual One day Rainfall 4-9

Table - 4.2: Flora of Mansehra District 4-12 Table - 4.3: Flora of Project Area 4-13 Table - 4.4: Fauna of Project Area 4-15

Table - 4.5: Domestic Fauna of Project Area 4-16 Table - 4.6: Type & number of health facilities in Mansehra. 4-20

Table - 4.7: Education Facilities in Mansehra 4-20

Table - 6.1: Summary of Consultation Meeting 6-4 Table - 7.1: Check list of potential impacts for Construction and

Operational Phases 7-5 Table - 8.1: Applicable Regulatory Requirements (Environmental) 8-2 Table - 8.2 Environmental Mitigation Management Plan 8-14 Table - 8.3 Environmental Monitoring Plan for performance indicator 8-27 Table - 8.4: Monitoring Programme for Tranche 3 8-39 Table - 8.5: List of Officials Contacted 8-43 Table - 8.6: Cost Estimates for Environmental Management 8-45 Table 8.7: Environmental Issues Tracking Report 8-46 Table - 9.1 Grievance Resolution Process 9-4

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LIST OF FIGURES

Page No. Figure - 1.1: Location map of proposed project site 1-6 Figure - 1.2: Site of a proposed 220 KV grid station Debgran Mansehra 1-9 Figure - 4.1: Water well in Debgran village 4-4

Figure - 4.2: Zones of Convergence 4-7

Graph - 4.1: Maximum & Minimum Annual One day Rainfall 4-10

Graph -4.2: Percentage Of Different Tribes in Project Area 4-18

Figure - 8.1: Organization structure of PMU 8-9 Figure - 8.2: Organization Chart for Environment Management / monitoring

implementation 8-10 ATTACHMENTS

Attachment 1: Sample Questionnaire

Attachment 2: REA Checklist

Attachment 3: Pakistan EIA procès

Attachment 4: Monitoring plan & Institutional Arrangements

Attachment 5: Photographs.

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LIST OF ABBREVIATION

ADB Asian Development Bank

APs Affected Persons.

BPI British Power International

CCMR Community complaints-management register

CFC Chlorofloro carbon

DFO Divisional Forest Officer

DoF Department of Forests

EA Environmental Assessment

EARF Environmental Assessment Review Framework

EIA Environmental Impact Assessment

EMP Environmental Management Plan

EPA Environmental Protection Agency

ESIC Environment & Social Impacts Cell

ESS Manager Environment & Social Safeguard

GoP Government of Pakistan

GRC Grievance Redress Cell

GRS Grievance Redress System

GS Grid station

LAC Land Acquisition Collector

Leq Equivalent sound pressure level

MPL Maximum permissible level

NEQS National Environmental Quality Standards

NGO Non Governmental Organization

PC Public Consultation

PCBs Polychlorinated biphenyls

PEPA Pakistan Environmental Protection Act 1997

PPMS Project Performance Monitoring System

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PTEMFF Power Transmission and Enhancement Multi-tranche Finance Facility


RE Resident Engineer

REA Rapid Environmental Assessment

RoW Right of Way

Rupee, PKR Unit of Pakistan currency= US$ approx R

SFA Social Framework Agreement

SIA Social Impact Assessment

SP Subproject

SRs Sensitive Receivers

TD Temporary drainage.

TOR Terms of Reference

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EXECUTIVE SUMMARY THE PROJECT The proposed project is a construction of a new 220 kV Grid Sub-station (GS) at

Debgran, Mansehra (Khyber Pakhtunkhawan). Mansehra is linked with national grid

system spread across the country for supply of electric power. The distribution

network within the district is the responsibility of Peshawar Electricity Supply

Company (PESCO). Most of the villages and towns are quite well serviced in terms

of electric power with 137,689 connections of which 136,720 are domestic

connections followed by 859 industrial connections.

The condition of the power transmission system in Pakistan is inadequate to meet

the rapidly growing demand for electrical power. This situation limits national

development and economic growth. To enable the transmission system to deliver

newly added generating capacity the existing network has to be expanded.

The Tranche 3 subprojects under report include construction of new 220 KV Grid

Station, land for the grid station measuring 242 Kanals have already been

purchased and is in under the possession of NTDC. There are small villages near

the proposed Grid sub station i.e. Debgran, Sheikhabad, Baidran, Jailo, Shahelia

but they are generally about 500 m to 4 km away from the proposed project site.

(N34o 20’ 8”, S 73o 9’ 8”)

For the purpose of the above an Initial Environmental Examination is carried out for 220 kV Grid Sub-Station under Tranche 3 of the Asian Development Bank (ADB) project, Power Transmission and Enhancement Multi-tranche Finance Facility (PTEMFF). This report has been prepared to ensure the following objectives: • Apply ADB’s Environment safeguards

• The applicable environmental administrative and legal frame work on the project

• Environmental & social base line data of the project area of influence (AOI)

• Assessment of potential environmental impacts and determining mitigation measures of expected adverse impacts

Develop a basic Environmental Management Plan (EMP) Framework (inclusive of all major environmental aspects and risk bases assessment plan) and envisaged EMP implementation cost. The base line data was developed and analyzed to identify potential environmental impacts of the project. An Environmental Assessment Checklist methodology was adopted to identify the high risk activities and suggest their mitigation measures.


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Where possible, eliminating the risk by altering the scope or method of execution of work was preferred rather than minimizing the risk with control measures. The “no project” option is considered inappropriate in view of the long term and wide spread benefits of safe and a long term proposed project of 220 KV GS Mansehra. Legal and Administration Framework Policy Pakistan Environmental Protection Act 1997 is the primary legislation which applies in Environmental Assessment studies in Pakistan. Under section 12 of the Act a project falling under any category specified in Schedule II (SRO 339(1)/2000) require the proponent to file an Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) with the concerned Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), which in case of 220 kV GS sub project is EPA KPK. The nature and scope of work and the environmental setting of the AOI (established through REA Checklist) indicates that there will neither be any significant adverse impact to the environment nor there would be any irreversible ecological damage due to the project activities. All the adverse impacts either would be temporary or would be easily mitigable. The projects benefits on the other hand would easily outweigh any small and temporary adverse impacts. The project will have significant positive environmental and social benefits by uplifting the employment opportunities in and around the project area and also through providing better power supply in the area. Therefore, the project should be categorized as B, as per the Asian Development Guidelines (ADB) However such a project requires an EIA as per section 12 of PEPA 1997 an EIA will be prepared & submitted to obtain No Objection Certificate (N.O.C). All project activities should be compliant with NEQS and should establish monitoring and evaluation systems. Description of the Environment The 220 kV Grid Sub Station (N34o 20’ 8”, S 73o 9’ 8”) site is located in Debgran Mansehra on 242 Kanals of land. The land has already been acquired and is in possession of NTDC since 2008. The nearest settlement to the proposed Grid Sub station is Debgran Village with total population of about 1400-1600 approximately at a distance of 1 km from GS. Other important areas near the proposed site include Sheikhabad, Baidran, Jailo, Shahelia but they are generally about 500 m to 4 km away from the proposed project. There is cultivated land, residential housing, villages, shops and Infrastructure like

canal/ drain/minor/ WC, tube-well, katcha (unpaved) and pucca (paved) roads, other

power line /gas pipe lines, Basic Health Unit (BHU)/ school and mosque while

productive assets like, poultry/ fish farm, fruit orchards, forest and others like

graveyard/archeological site that are located within 1 Km of the proposed project site.


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The only stream that flows in the middle of Mansehra city is known as Pooth. It is the

main source of water supply in the city. The main surface water source near the

proposed project area is the water well in debgran village. The water is pumped from

a depth of 36 feet. Basically, the proposed Project site is 1 km away from dabgran

village and even the whole Mansehra District is devoid of any true ground water

aquifer. This is because of the rocky formation of the area and steep slopes of the

mountains.

In general the area has access to electricity and communication networks. Health

facilities are scarce and inadequate near village areas of the project area. However

Mansehra city that is closest to the proposed project site has number of hospitals and

basic health units. The people near the project area have to go to Shinkiari,

Mansehra and Dadar for medical treatment. Other than this there are private

hospitals and maternity homes also present in district. Project site is located in a

province with a literacy rate of 35.41%. In comparison, Pakistan as a whole has

literacy rate of 43.92%, while Islamabad leads the nation with a 72.4% literacy rate

The main language of the people nearby is hindko, Urdu & Pashto. Main occupations

of the male economical population include; self employed, farming, private

employees, government employees, farm labor, Skilled and Unskilled laborers etc.

The socio-economic structure of project area is primarily agrarian. Most of the population lives in rural area and depends upon agriculture. The remaining population lives in cities and towns with ample facilities for work as the cities are generally well industrialized especially in metal works, electrical goods, ceramics and agro-based industries. Some of the rural population travels and even migrates to cities for employment. Social consultations were carried out with officials and local communities. The aim was to solicit views on the proposed project and incorporate their concerns, demands and needs into Environmental Management Plan (EMP) and Social Framework Agreement (SFA). Women consultations were carried out to incorporate gender issues in the social assessment. The flora of the project area can be divided into two parts i.e. riverian Flora and inland Flora. The immediate and surrounding area of the project has been under human inference for a long time and, therefore no endangered species is present or spotted in the area.

Mansehra districts is famous for its game reserves. There are many game reserves

in the district. Following are the closest to the proposed 220 KV grid station:


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• Jallo Game Reserve (6 km)

• Sheikhabad Game Reserve (6km)

Besides the Debgran village, there are no sensitive sites nearby the proposed subproject; there is no forest within the radius of 500 meters. No archeological sites are nearby. Land Acquisition (242 kanals) has already occurred. No endangered species will be affected due to the proposed project activities. There will be neither any effect on indigenous people nor there will be any resettlement involved the in the proposed project. Environmental Impacts and Mitigation Measures Most of the adverse environmental and social impacts of the Project will be associated with the construction phase. Except for resettlement issues which would need to be addressed carefully, the remaining impacts associated with the construction phase will be temporary, reversible, phased over a period of time, localized and manageable. The air quality was analysed and found reasonably clean and no any obvious source of air pollution was located in the vicinity of the project area of influence. However there are kacha paths and may cause dust pollution during traffic movement. Air quality shall be controlled by regular spraying of water on kacha paths. All vehicles, machinery, equipment and generators used during construction activities will be kept in good working conditions to minimize the exhaust emissions. Cutting & burning trees and shrubs as a fuel shall be prohibited and clean source of energy should be provided at the contractor’s camp e.g. gas cylinders etc. Noise, air quality and water sources shall be monitored periodically, as specified in IEE report. All the work activities should be restricted within the allowed working hours. There is not any designated environmentally protected or archaeological site falling within the direct project area of influence. The Project will not have any significant impacts on fish, fishermen communities, wildlife and wildlife habitat. However, monitoring measures have been recommended to ensure that any unforeseen impacts can be identified, compared with baseline and mitigated during the implementation stage. All forest, wildlife and fisheries laws should be fully respected and abided by the contractor and his work force. No fire arms should be carried out by the contractor’s work force. During construction, the Contactor’s work force is expected to be largely available from the local population, which will enhance the economic opportunities for the locals of working age group. Socioeconomic conditions of the project area will generally have positive impacts due to the project implementation i.e. availability of jobs during construction phase.


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The noticeable adverse impact of the Project will be resettlement and relocation of affected communities. But as no resettlement and relocation is involved in the proposed project and only land acquisition is involved the impacts will be temporary. There are no built-up structures, namely, houses, shops or community structures affected. Thus, none of the population will experience significant impacts. Therefore the overall resettlement impact is considered non-significant. It is very important to protect the water sources during the construction phase from accidental spills of diesel or any chemical, as any spill could percolate to the groundwater through the sandy stratum at site. All the solid waste and wastewater generated from the project activities and contractor camp shall be disposed-off according to the waste disposal plan, which would be a component of the EMP. If the groundwater is to be used for the water supply in the Contractor Camp then it would be required to abstract water from sufficient depth and confirm that it meets the WHO standards by the contractor. The total cost of the environmental management of the proposed project is about 2,000,000.oo Pak. Rupees. This includes the cost of environmental third –party monitoring and implementation of mitigation measure. There is also a process “Grievance Redress Mechanism” established to deal with the

stakeholder or affected people’s concerns, complaints and grievances about the

project environmental performance. The verbal or written grievances will be received

recorded and replied in a systematic way using an understandable and transparent

process that is gender responsive, culturally appropriate and readily accessible to all

segments of the affected people at no cost and without retribution.

The proposed project will bring about a net-positive benefit in meeting the rapidly

growing demand for electrical power in the country. Continuous environmental

monitoring will be carried out for the entire construction phase, to ensure due

diligence of environmental performance. The EMP will also ensure reporting of all

non-conformances and their rectification within a specified period of time along with

safety, health and environment (SHE) audits.

CONCLUSION It is anticipated that all environmental and social issues involved during the construction and operational phase of the project are manageable, therefore it is concluded that the project is environmentally friendly, financially viable, economically sustainable, generally neutral and pro-poverty elevation.


1. 0 INTRODUCTION

1.1 GENERAL

Mansehra is linked with national grid system spread across the country for supply of

electric power. The distribution network within the district is the responsibility of

Peshawar Electricity Supply Company (PESCO). Most of the villages and towns are

quite well serviced in terms of electric power with 137,689 connections of which

136,720 are domestic connections followed by 859 industrial connections.

Pakistan is a country where the condition of the power transmission system is

inadequate to meet the rapidly growing demand for electrical power. This situation

limits national development and economic growth. To enable the transmission

system to deliver newly added generating capacity the existing network has to be

expanded. The overall contribution of power infrastructure also requires institutional

arrangements and capacity that support strategic management of the sector, and

planning and management of investments. Overall the proposed PTEMFF facility

has been designed to address the investment and institutional aspects in the

electrical power sector.

The Tranche 3 subproject under report include construction of new Grid Station,

land for the grid station measuring 242 Kanals have already been purchased and is

in under the possession of NTDC. Impacts form Grid station are insignificant while

some compensation would need to be paid for the land that will accommodate the

Grid Sub station. The design for Grid Sub station is sufficiently complete (July 2010)

to permit initial environmental examination (Cat. “B”).

The GoP has requested the Asian Development Bank (ADB) to provide finance for

the construction of grid station on 242 Kanals in Debgran, Mansehra. The proposed

project will help to fulfill the overall objective of the MFF to encourage economic

growth and improve transmission efficiency by creating a series of national

improvements. The improved transmission efficiency will contribute to expansion of

economic opportunities by improving capacity and efficiency and security of supply

in Khyber-Pakhtunkhwa province of Pakistan.

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The proposed sub project aims to meet rapidly growing demand for electrical power.

The feasibility study for the subproject was prepared by consultants has

demonstrated the need for the proposed improvements based on electricity demand

and network studies and that significant benefits can accrue in the form of reduced

load on transformers and reduction in transmission line loses. Thus there is a clear

and immediate future need for this subproject.

At the time of writing this report first time (Nov 2011) the site for the proposed

project has been chosen and the preliminary detailed designs for the grid station are

completed and the overall requirements for the construction have been clearly

identified. According to the recent survey in November 2011, No built-up structures

will be affected and the proposed project will not result in any temporary or

permanent loss of productive lands, in terms of crop and tree losses

1.2 PROJECT DETAILS

This report presents the Initial Environmental Examination (IEE) for the construction

of a new 220 kV Grid Sub-station (GS) at Debgran, Mansehra (Khyber

Pakhtunkhawan). Figure 1.1 presents the location map of the proposed project site.

The IEE study takes into account the natural environment (air, water, land, flora & fauna), human health and safety. This study evaluates the project’s potential environmental risks and impacts in its areas of influence and outlines planning, designing and implementation by preventing, minimizing, mitigating or compensating for adverse environmental impacts and enhancing positive impacts throughout project implementation. The Social Assessment (SA) has been conducted to evaluate the project’s potential positive and adverse effects on the affected people and to examine project alternatives where adverse effects may be significant. The breadth, depth and type of analysis in the social assessment are proportional to the nature of the project and scale of its potential effects, positive or adverse, on the affected people.

The Initial Environmental Examination is carried out for 220 kV Grid Sub-station

(GS) at Debgran, Mansehra under Tranche 3 of the Asian Development Bank (ADB)

project, Power Transmission and Enhancement Multi-tranche Finance Facility

(PTEMFF). Thus this IEE presents the results and conclusions of environmental

assessment for the proposed construction of 220 kV Grid Station and is submitted

by the Government of the Pakistan (GoP), Ministry of Water and Power and National

Transmission and Dispatch Company (NTDC). The proposed project is to be

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considered for early improvement under the PTEMFF and requires environmental

assessment under ADB operating procedures. An IEE has been carried out to fulfill

the requirements of ADB safeguard policy statement 2009. This IEE study report is

used to complete the Summary Initial Environmental Examination (SIEE) for

disclosure by ADB upon request1.

The Power Transmission Enhancement MFF loan has to be approved by ADB and

the sub project under consideration falls under tranche 3 of the MFF. The total cost

of the 220 kV Grid Sub-station (GS) at Debgran, Mansehra is estimated at Rs: 905

million. ADB will fund the design, civil works and procurement of equipment. The

detailed designs are currently being progressed. Land has been acquired for GS in

2008 and is under the possession of NTDC. Compensation for the land acquired for

the proposed project will be paid. Figure 1.2, shows the site of proposed project of

220 KV grid station.

The environmental assessment requirements of the Government of Pakistan (GoP)

for power transmission projects are not identical to those of ADB (Attachment 3).

The environmental regulations of the GoP categorize development projects into two

schedules according to their anticipated potential environmental impacts. The

proponents of projects that have more adverse environmental impacts (Schedule II)

are required to submit an environmental impact assessment (EIA). The policy is

ambiguous and needs clarification. The consultants have initiated a dialogue with

EPA Islamabad for review of the policy. EPA Islamabad has agreed to open

discussions with provincial EPAs and other stakeholders to revise the schedules, so

that study requirements are not related to voltage or lengthy of facilities being

proposed to be added but is related to impacts. A review of the need for EIA/IEE

submission is therefore required by the relevant environmental protection authority

in this case the KP Environmental Protection Agency.

The base line data was developed and analyzed to identify potential environmental impacts of the project. An Environmental Assessment Checklist methodology was adopted to identify the high risk activities and suggest their mitigation measures. Where possible, eliminating the risk by altering the scope or method of execution of work was preferred rather than minimizing the risk with control measures. 1 Category A projects that are deemed by ADB's chief compliance officer to be environmentally sensitive for the

purposes of (i) the 120 day rule, and (ii) the environmental management plan requirement could involve projects that are near or in environmentally sensitive areas. At this stage no component of the T3 sub-projects under consideration is actually within a critical area and therefore the MFF- tranche 3 as a whole is Category “B”.

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1.3 BACKGROUND

The Study Area include the construction of new 220 KV grid station Mansehra and

all the areas around the proposed project site including all irrigation facilities, water

supply, habitable structures, schools, health facilities, hospitals, religious places and

sites of heritage or archaeological importance and critical areas and other

infrastructure such as railway lines and Critical Areas2, within 100m of the GS

boundary.

The field studies were undertaken by a core study team with experience of

environmental assessment for power projects in Pakistan. Mr. Muzaffar Khan

conducted preliminary scoping, survey and assessment activities and coordinated

the field sampling and analysis. Mr. Muzaffar was also responsible to supervise

collation of information and co-ordinate the various public consultation activities.

Consultants provided leadership and guidance with regards to the essential detailed

assessments of design, construction, operational and decommissioning impacts,

noise, air quality and waste disposal. The environmental team also benefited from

technical support and other important information on the impacts of the proposed

power works provided in feasibility summaries prepared for NTDC3 and by expert

consultants of BPI dealing with engineering, power transmission, socio-economic,

re-settlement and institutional aspects. The field studies carried out in October &

November 2011.

The study process began with scoping and field reconnaissance during which a

Rapid Environmental Assessment (Attachement-2) was carried out to establish the

potential impacts and categorization of the project. The environmental impacts and

concerns requiring further study in the environmental assessment were then

identified. The methodology of the IEE study was then elaborated in order to

address all interests. Subsequently primary and secondary baseline environmental

data was collected from the enhancement works and the intensity and likely location

of impacts were identified with relation the sensitive receivers; based on the work

expected to be carried out. The significance of impacts from the power transmission

expansion work was then assessed and, for those impacts requiring mitigation,

measures were proposed to reduce impacts to within acceptable limits.

2 Critical areas as published by the PEPA on the website are put in specific reference 3 Feasibility Summary submitted to the Asian Development Bank by the National Transmission and Dispatch Company, Pklakistan under Power Transmission Enhancement Project , PPTA Loan 2178-PAK. , prepared by BPI

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Public consultation (PC) was carried out in October and November 2011 in line with

ADB Safeguard Policy Statement (2009). Under ADB requirements the

environmental assessment process must also include meaningful public consultation

during the completion of the draft IEE. In this IEE the PC process included verbal

disclosure of the sub-project works as a vehicle for discussion. Interviews were

conducted with local families and communities along the GS area. Written records of

the responses have been passed to the Project Proponent, NTDC. The responses

from correspondents have been included in Attachment 5 and summarized in Section

6 of this IEE.

1.4 PROJECT LOCATION The new proposed project of 220 kV Grid Sub-station (GS) is located at Debgran Mansehra (Khyber Pakhtunkhwan Province) 37 km away from Abotabad city. (See Fig 1.1 Location Map of proposed project site)


Fig. 1.1: Location map of proposed project site

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mission Enhancement Multitranche Financing Facility – Tranche 3 IEE Report

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Fig 1.2 : Site of a proposed 220 KV grid station Debgran Mansehra

Power Trans220 kV Sub station Mansehra


1.5 PROJECT CATEGORIZATION According to ADB Safeguard Policy Statement (2009), projects are to be categorized into three environmental categories; A, B, or C. All the anticipated adverse environmental impacts of the project are mitigable, temporary in nature and localized. Also there is no environmentally sensitive or archeological site falling within project area of influence; therefore the project is classified as Category B. This report comprises the Initial Environmental Examination (IEE) of the proposed project to fulfill the requirements according to ADB’s guidelines. 1.6 OBJECTIVES OF THE REPORT The main objectives of the report are as follows:

The application of environmental administrative and legal frame work on the project

Develop Environmental Baseline Data for the project Area of Influence (AOI); derive land use and environmental maps.

Assessment of potential environmental Impacts and development of mitigation measures to cater for adverse impacts.

Preparation of framework of Environmental Management Plan (EMP) and envisaged EMP implementation cost for this project.

Environmental approval from government agency.

1.7 STRUCTURE OF THE REPORT This report is divided into following chapters:

Executive Summary Chapter No.1: Introduction Chapter No. 2: Policy, Law and Administrative Framework Chapter No. 3: Description OF The Project Chapter No. 4: Description of Environment (Baseline Conditions) Chapter No. 5: Analysis of Alternatives Chapter No. 6: Public Consultation & Disclosure Chapter No. 7: Impact Assessment, Mitigation and Enhancement Measures Chapter No. 8: Environmental Management Plan Chapter No. 9: Grievance Redress Mechanism Attachments

1-8


1.8 METHODOLOGY OF PERFORMING THE STUDY The environmental and social data were collected and analyzed for the overall environmental study area. Data was collected during site visits and stake holder consultation works. The concerned departments and institutions are Wildlife, Forestry & Fishery Department, Water Management Office, Irrigation and Land Revenue, WWF etc. The base line data was developed and analyzed to identify potential environmental impacts of the Project. A risk based methodology was adopted to identify the high risk activities and suggest their mitigation measures. Where possible, eliminating the risk by altering the scope or method of execution of work was preferred rather than minimizing the risk with control measures. Public consultations were also undertaken including a gender study to take into account the public point of view about the project. 1.9 ENVIRONMENTAL AND RESETTLEMENT ISSUES The project activities include construction of one new Grid Station, land for the grid station measuring 242 Kanals have already been purchased and is in the possession of NTDC. Though land acquisition is involved but no resettlement issue is involved in the proposed project. This will cause some disturbance due to construction activities on the main site and the allied sites involving borrow material, camping grounds, material dump, machinery yard, link road and necessary facilities for the staff and labour to be engaged for the construction of the project. There is no such irreversible adverse environmental impact of the project but the construction-related impacts such as air pollution, noise and use of community resources can be well mitigated through the proper implementation of the mitigation measures, which have been identified in this report. The construction of new 220kV GS will not affect nearby population. They will not be affected by temporary or permanent loss of their productive lands, in terms of crop and tree losses. No built-up structures will be affected, during the construction of the proposed project. During the construction phase of the project, compensation will be given for land that is acquired for the construction of 220 KV grid station. No private land or property acquisition will be involved anywhere during construction.

1-9


2.0 LEGAL AND ADMINISTRATIVE FRAMEWORK POLICY This chapter provides an overview of the policy framework and national legislation

that applies to the proposed Project. The Project is expected to comply with all

national legislations and Asian Bank Guidelines relating to environmental and social

issues, and all the required regulatory clearances will be obtained.

The environmental study includes primarily Pakistan Environmental Protection Act

1997 (PEPA 1997), Pakistan IEE and EIA review regulations (2000) and Asian

Development Bank SPS. All other laws and guidelines relevant to the project have

also been reviewed. Synopses of relevant laws and guidelines are provided in this

chapter.

2.1 REGULATORY REQUIREMENTS IN PAKISTAN Under section 12 (with subsequent amendment) of the 1997 Act, a project falling

under any category specified in Schedule I (SRO 339(1)/2000), requires the

proponent to file an IEE with concerned federal agency (Pak-EPA). Projects falling

under any category specified in schedule II require the proponent to file an EIA with

the federal agency. Within ten working days of the lodging of IEE or EIA, the federal

agency will confirm that the document submitted is complete for the purpose of

review.

2.2 NATIONAL CONSERVATION STRATEGY The Pakistan National Conservation Strategy (NCS) was approved by federal cabinet

in March 1992 and is the principal policy document on environmental issues in the

country. The NCS outlines the country’s primary approaches towards encouraging

sustainable development, conserving natural resources and managing resources.

The NCS has 68 specific programs in 14 core areas in which policy intervention is

considered crucial for the preservation of Pakistan’s natural and physical

environment. The core areas that are relevant in the context of the proposed Project

are pollution prevention and abatement, conserving biodiversity and preservation of

cultural heritage.

2.3 NATIONAL ENVIRONMENT POLICY The National Environmental Policy provides an overarching framework for

addressing the environmental issues facing Pakistan, particularly pollution of fresh

water bodies and coastal waters, air pollution, lack of proper waste management,

2‐1


deforestation, loss of biodiversity, desertification, natural disasters and climate

change. It also gives directions for addressing the cross sectoral issues elaborating

the underlying causes of environmental degradation and international obligations.

The policy provides broad guidelines to the Federal Government, Provincial

Government, Federally Administrated Territories and Local Government for

addressing environmental concerns and ensuring effective management of their

environmental resources.

2.4 GUIDELINES FOR ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT

The Pak-EPA has published set of environmental guideline for conducting

environmental assessment and the environmental management of different types of

development projects. The guidelines relevant to the proposed Project are listed

below.

2.4.1 Guidelines for the Preparation and Review of Environmental Reports,

Pakistan Environmental Protection Agency, 1997

The guidelines, targeted at project proponents, specify:

The nature of the information to be included in environmental reports

The minimum qualification of the EIA conductors appointed

The need to incorporate suitable mitigation measures during project

implementation

The need to specify monitoring procedures

The report must contain baseline data relating to the project area, an interpretation of

the data and mitigation measures.

2.4.2 Guidelines of Public Consultation, Pakistan Environmental

Protection Agency, May, 1997

These guidelines deal with possible approaches to public consultation and

techniques for designing an effective program of consultation that reaches out to all

major stakeholders and ensure that their concerns are incorporated in any impact

2‐2


assessment study.

2.5 ENVIRONMENTAL INSTITUTIONS AND THEIR RESPONSIBILITIES 2.5.1 Provincial EPA

NTDC will be responsible for providing the complete environmental documentation

required by the provincial EPA and remain committed to the approved project design.

No deviation is permitted during project implementation without the prior and explicit

permission of the EPA.

2.5.2 Provincial Departments of Forestry and Wildlife

Wildlife department nominates any sensitive wildlife area as game reserve or highly

sensitive area as wildlife sanctuary. A competent person should manage the work

activities in wildlife sensitive areas to minimize any adverse impacts on wildlife

habitat. However no environmentally sensitive area has been identified within the

direct influence of the project activities.

2.5.3 Local Government and Municipalities

NTDC and its contractors must ensure that the project meets the criteria of district

governments as related to the establishment of construction camps and plants, and

the safe disposal of wastewater, solid waste and toxic materials. The NTDC will

coordinate and monitor environment-related issues.

2.5.4 Environmental and Social Impacts Cell (ESIC)

NTDC has established the Environmental and Social Impacts Cell (ESIC)

manned by two professionals and support staff .The cell is attached to both

Implementing Agencies, the Chief Engineer EHV (General Manager Grid

System Construction , NTDC ) and the planning agency Project Director

Technical Assistance (General Manager Planning, NTDC). ESIC enable

address the environmental and social issues in a timely and effective manner during

operation, maintenance, construction of transmission lines and Grid stations. ESIC

may also be involved as an independent environmental monitoring organization

2‐3


during construction phase of this Project.

2.5.5 Environment-Related Statutes This section outlines statutes apart from the Pakistan Environmental Protection Act,

1997, which are relevant to the project.

The Forest Act, 1927 (and Provincial Acts and Rules)

The Act, inter alia, deals with the matters related with protection and conservation of

natural vegetation/habitats. It empowers the concerned agency to declare protected

and reserved forest areas and their maintaining. In spite of the fact that it recognizes

the right of people for access to the natural resources for their household use, it

prohibits unlawful cutting of trees and other vegetation from forest reserve area. The

permission is required prior to undertake any tree cutting from the Forest Department

of Punjab province. The contractor will inform formally to the Punjab Forest

Department and PIPD at-least 1 month before cutting any tree on site.

Provincial Wildlife (Protection, Preservation, Conservation and

Management) Act, Ordinances and Rules In addition to empowering provincial wildlife department to establish game reserves,

parks, and wildlife sanctuaries, these acts regulate the hunting and disturbance of

wildlife. This law will help in eliminating any trespassing into protected areas.

Antiquities Act, 1975

The Antiquities Act relates to the protection, preservation and conservation of

archaeological/historical sites and monuments. There are no archeological site(s) or

cultural heritage site inside or in the AOI of the project. Nevertheless if there is

chance find during the construction phase this law would provide due guidance.

Provincial Local Government Ordinances, 2001 These ordinances, issued following the devolution process, establish regulations for

land use, conservation of natural vegetation, air, water, and land pollution, the

disposal of solid waste and wastewater effluents, as well as matters related to public

health and safety. This law will help as and when participatory management of

irrigation system becomes the order of the day.

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Factories Act, 1934

The clauses relevant to the project are those that are related with the health, safety

and welfare of workers, disposal of solid waste and effluent, and damage to private

and public property. The Factories Act also provides regulations for handling and

disposing of toxic and hazardous materials. There are no factories / industries inside

the project area.

Land Acquisition Act 1894

Land Acquisition Act (LAA), 1894 is the primary law governing land acquisition in

Pakistan. For the acquisition of land, the above-mentioned Act, rules and regulations

are followed whether the acquisition is for Government of Punjab or any other

agency.

2.6 ASIAN DEVELOPMENT BANK GUIDELINES

The Asian Development Bank’s Safeguard Policy Statement (SPS) 2009 and

Environmental Policy 2002 require that environmental considerations be incorporated

in to ADB’s funded project to ensure that the project will have minimal environmental

impact and be environmentally sound. Occupational health & safety of the local

population should also be addressed as well as the project workers as stated in SPS.

A Grievance Redress Mechanism to receive application and facilitate resolution of

affected peoples’ concerns, complaints, and grievances about the project’s

environmental performance is also established and provided in chapter 9.

Environment Categorization

All loans and investments are subject to categorization to determine environmental

assessment requirements. Categorization is to be undertaken using Rapid

Environmental Assessment (REA), consisting of questions relating to (i) the

sensitivity and vulnerability of environmental resources in project area, and (ii) the

potential for the project to cause significant adverse environmental impacts. Projects

are classified into one of:

Category A: Project with potential for significant adverse environmental impacts that

are irreversible, diverse and unprecedented. These impacts may affect the area

2‐5


larger than the site or facilities subjected to physical work. An Environmental Impact

Assessment (EIA) is required to address significant impacts.

Category B: Projects judged to have some adverse environmental impacts, but of

lesser degree and/or significance than those for category A projects. An initial

environmental examination (IEE) is required to determine whether or not significant

environmental impacts warranting an EIA are likely. If an EIA is not needed, the IEE

is regarded as the final environmental assessment report.

Category C: Projects unlikely to have adverse environmental impacts. No EIA or IEE

is required, although environmental implications are still reviewed.

Category FI: Projects are classified as category FI if they involve a credit line

through a financial intermediary or an equity investment in a financial intermediary.

The financial intermediary must apply an environmental management system, unless

all subprojects will result in insignificant impacts.

2.7 NATIONAL ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY STANDARDS (NEQS)

The NEQS specify the following standards:

1. Maximum allowable concentration of the Pollutants, (32 parameters) in

emission and liquid industrial effluents discharged to inland water.

2. Maximum allowable concentration of pollutants (16 parameters) in gaseous

emission.

3. Maximum allowable exhaust emissions and noise emission from vehicles.

4. Maximum allowable noise level from vehicles

5. Maximum allowable limits for Drinking Water

6. Maximum allowable limit for Ambient Air Quality

2‐6


Table - 2.1: Effluent Discharge Standards (NEQS 2000) Applicable to the Works

Sr. No. Determinant NEQS

1 Temperature 40 OC =≤3 deg.

2 pH 6 – 9

3 BOD5 80 mg/l

4 Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) 150 mg/l

5 Total Suspended Solid (TSS) 200 mg/l

6 Total Dissolved Solids 3500 mg/l

7 Grease and Oil 10 mg/l

8 Phenolic compounds (as phenol) 0.1 mg/l

9 Ammonia 40 mg/l

10 Chlorine 1.0 mg/l

11 Chloride 1000.0 mg/l

12 Sulphate 600 mg/l

13 Manganese 1.5 mg/l

14 Fluoride 10 mg/l

15 Cyanide (as CN’) total 1.0 mg/l

16 An-ionic detergents (as MB As) 20 mg/l

17 Sulphide (S-2) 1.0 mg/l

18 Pesticides 0.15 mg/l

19 Cadmium 0.1 mg/l

20 Chromium trivalent and hexavalent 1.0 mg/l

21 Copper 1.0 mg/l

22 Lead 0.5 mg/l

23 Mercury 0.01 mg/l

24 Selenium 0.5 mg/l

25 Nickel 1.0 mg/l

26 Silver 1.0 mg/l

27 Total Toxic metals 2.0 mg/l

28 Zinc 5.0 mg/l

29 Arsenic 1.0 mg/l

30 Barium 1.5 mg/l

31 Iron 8.0 mg/l

32 Boron 6.0 mg/l

2‐7


Table – 2.2: National Environmental Quality Standards for Gaseous Emission (mg/Nm3, Unless Otherwise Defined)

Sr. No.

Parameter Source of Emission Existing Standards

Revised Standards

1 2 3 4 5

1. Smoke Smoke Opacity not to exceed 40% or 2

Ringlemann

Scale

40% or 2

Ringlemann

Scale or equivalent

smoke number

2. Particulate

Matter

(I)

(a) Boilers and Furnaces

(i) Oil fired

(ii) Coal fired

(iii) Cement Kilns

(b) Grinding, crushing, clinker

coolers and Related

processes, Metallurgical

Processes, converter, blast

furnaces and cupolas.

300

500

200

500

300

500

200

500

3. Hydrogen

Chloride

Any 400 400

4. Chlorine Any 150 150

5. Hydrogen

Fluoride

Any 150 150

6. Hydrogen

Sulphide

Any 10 10

7. Sulphur Oxide (2) (3)

Sulfuric acid/ Sulphonic acid

plants

Other plants except power

plants operating on oil and

coal

400

1700

8. Carbon

Monoxide

Any 800 800

9. Lead Any 50 50

10. Mercury Any 10 10

11. Cadmium Any 20 20

2‐8


12. Arsenic Any 20 20

13. Copper Any 50 50

14. Antimony Any 20 20

15. Zinc Any 200 200

16. Oxides of

Nitrogen

(3)

Nitric acid manufacturing unit.

Other plants except power

plants operating on oil or coal:

Gas fired

Oil fired

Coal fired

400

-

-

400

600

1200

Explanations:-

1. Based on the assumption that the size of the particulate is 10 micron or more.

2. Based on 1 percent sulphur content in fuel. Higher content of Sulphur will case

standards to be pro-rated.

3. In respect of emissions of sulphur dioxide Nitrogen oxides, the power plants operating

on oil and coal as fuel shall in addition to National Environmental Quality Standards

(NEQS) specified above, comply with the following standards.

Table - 2.3: NEQS, 2009 for Vehicular Emission

Sr. No.

Parameter Standard (Maximum permissible Limit)

Measuring Method

Applicability

1 Smoke 40% or 2 on the

Ringlemann Scale

during engine

acceleration mode.

To be compared

with Ringlemann

Chart at a distance

of 6 meters or more

Immediate effect

2 Carbon Monoxide (CO) 6% Under idling

condition: Non-

dispersive infrared

detection through

gas analyzer.

2‐9


3 Noise 85 dB(A) Sound Meter at 7.5

meters from the

source

Table - 2.4: National Environmental Quality Standards (NEQS, 2010) for Noise

Effective from 1st July,

2010 Effective from 1st July,

2013

Limit in dB (A) Leq*

Sr. No.

Category of Area / Zone

Daytime Night-time Daytime Night-time

1 Residential Area (A) 65 50 55 45

2 Commercial Area (B) 70 60 65 55

3 Industrial Area (C) 80 75 75 65

4 Silence Zone (D) 55 45 50 45

Note: 1. Daytime hours: 6:00 a.m. to 10:00 p.m.

2. Night-time hours: 10:00 p.m. to 6:00 a.m.

3. Silence Zone: Zones which are declared as such by the competent authority.

An area comprising not less than 100 meters round hospitals, educational

institutions and courts.

4. Mixed categories of areas may be decided as one of the four above

mentioned categories by the competent authority.

*dB (A) Leq: Time weighted average of the level of sound in scale “A” which is

relatable to human hearing.

Table – 2.5: National Environmental Quality Standards (NEQS, 2010) for

Drinking Water

Sr. No.

Properties/Parameters Standard Values for Pakistan

WHO Standards Remarks

BACTERIAL

1 All water is intended for

drinking (E.Coli or

Thermotolerant Coliform

Must not be

detectable in any

100ml sample

Must not be

detectable in any

100ml sample

Most Asian Countries

also follow WHO

Standards

2‐10


Sr. No.



bacteria)

2 Treated water entering the

distribution system (E.Coli

or Thermotolerant Coliform

and total Coliform bacteria)

Must not be

detectable in any

100ml sample

Must not be

detectable in any

100ml sample


also follow WHO

Standards

3 Treated water entering the

distribution system (E.Coli

or Thermotolerant Coliform

and total Coliform bacteria)

Must not be

detectable in any

100ml sample. In

case of large

supplies, where

sufficient samples

are examined, must

not be present in

95% of the samples

taken throughout

any 12-month

period.

Must not be

detectable in any

100ml sample. In

case of large

supplies, where

sufficient samples

are examined, must

not be present in

95% of the samples

taken throughout

any 12-month

period.


also follow WHO

Standards

PHYSICAL

4 Colour ≤15 TCU ≤15 TCU

5 Taste Non

Objectionable/

Acceptable

Non

Objectionable/

Acceptable

6 Odour Non

Objectionable/

Acceptable

Non

Objectionable/

Acceptable

7 Turbidity <5 NTU <5 NTU

8 Total hardness as CaCO3 <500mg/l ---

9 TDS <1000 <1000

10 pH 6.5-8.5 6.5-8.5

RADIOACTIVE

11 Alpha Emitters bq/L or pCi 0.1 0.1

12 Beta Emitters 01 01

CHEMICAL

Essential Inorganics mg/litre mg/litre

2‐11


Sr. No.



13 Aluminum (Al) mg/l ≤0.2 0.02

14 Antimony (Sb) ≤0.005 0.02

15 Arsenic (As) ≤0.05 0.01 Standard for Pakistan

similar to most Asian

developing Countries

16 Barium (Ba) 0.7 0.7

17 Boron (B) 0.3 0.3

18 Cadmium (Cd) 0.01 0.003 Standard for Pakistan



19 Chloride (Cl) <250 250

20 Chromium (Cr) ≤0.05 0.05

21 Copper (Cu) 2 2

Toxic Inorganics mg/litre mg/litre

22 Cyanide (CN) ≤0.05 0.07 Standard for Pakistan



23 Fluoride (F) ≤1.5 1.5

24 Lead (Pb) ≤0.05 0.01 Standard for Pakistan



25 Manganese (Mn) ≤0.5 0.5

26 Mercury (Hg) ≤0.001 0.001

27 Nickel (Ni) ≤0.02 0.02

28 Nitrate (NO3) ≤50 50

29 Nitrite (NO2) ≤3 3

30 Selenium (Se) 0.01 0.01

31 Residual Chlorine 0.2-0.5 at consumer

end 0.5-1.5 at

source

---

32 Zinc (Zn) 5.0 3 Standard for Pakistan



Organics

33 Pesticides

mg/L

--- PSQCA No. 4629-

2004, Page No.4,

Annex-II

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Sr. No.



Table No. 3, Serial

No. 20-58 may be

consulted

34 Phenolic Compounds (as

Phenols) mg/L

--- ≤0.002

35 Poly nuclear aromatic

hydrocarbons (as PAH) g/L

0.01 (By GC/MS

method)

***PSQCA: Pakistan Standards Quality Control Authority

Table – 2.6: National Environmental Quality Standards (NEQS, 2010) for Ambient Air

Concentration in Ambient Air Pollutants Time-weighted average Effective from

1st July 2010 Effective from

1st January 2013

Method of Measurement

Annual

Average*

80µg/m3 80µg/m3Sulphur

Dioxide (SO2)

24 hours** 120µg/m3 120µg/m3

Ultraviolet

Fluorescence Method

Annual

Average*

40µg/m3 40µg/m3Oxides of

Nitrogen as

(NO) 24 hours** 40µg/m3 40µg/m3

Gas Phase

Chemiluminescence

Annual

Average*

40µg/m3 40µg/m3Oxides of

Nitrogen as

(NO2) 24 hours** 80µg/m3 80µg/m3

Gas Phase

Chemiluminescence

Ozone (O3) 1 hour 180µg/m3 130µg/m3 Non disperse UV

absorption method

Annual

Average*

400µg/m3 360µg/m3Suspended

Particulate

Matter (SPM) 24 hours** 550µg/m3 500µg/m3

High Volume

Sampling, (Average

flow rate not less than

1.1m3/minute)

Annual

Average*

200µg/m3 120µg/m3Respire able

Particulate

Matter (PM10) 24 hours** 250µg/m3 150µg/m3

ß-Ray Absorption

Method

Respire able

Particulate

Annual

Average*

25µg/m3 15µg/m3 ß-Ray Absorption

Method

2‐13


24 hours** 40µg/m3 35µg/m3Matter (PM25)

1 hour 25µg/m3 15µg/m3

Annual

Average*

1.5µg/m3 1µg/m3Lead (Pb)

24 hours** 2µg/m3 1.5µg/m3

AAS Method after

sampling using EPM

2000 or equivalent

Filter paper

8 hours** 5µg/m3 5µg/m3Carbon

Monoxide

(CO) 1 hour 10µg/m3 10µg/m3

Non Dispersive

Infrared (NDIR)

method

*Annual arithmetic mean of minimum 104 measurements in a year taken twice a week 24 hourly

at uniform intervals.

**24 hourly/8 hourly values should be met 98% in a year. 2% of the time, it may exceed but not

on two consecutive days.

2.8 INTERNATIONAL CONVENTIONS

Pakistan is signatory to a number of International Conventions, Protocols and

Understandings relating to the environment. Those relevant to the project are

described in the following paragraphs.

• Convention on Biological Diversity The Convention of Biological Diversity was the outcome of the “Earth Summit” held in

Rio de-Janeiro in 1992. The Convention binds the signatories to respect, protect and

conserve the earth environment and bio-diversity through sustainable use of natural

resources. In all development projects in Pakistan the protocols of this convention

are respected in letter and spirit.

• Ramsar Convention The Convention on Wetland of International Importance, especially on Waterfowl

Habitats held in Iran in 1972 at village Ramsar in Iran, places an obligation on the

signatories to protect habitats of migratory waterfowl. There is no notified Ramsar

site within the project area and AOI of the project.

• Bonn Convention The Convention on the conservation of migratory species of wild animals was held in

Bonn in 1979. The Convention broadens the scope of Ramsar to include migratory

species other than water fowl. Not being a Ramsar site, this protocol is not obligatory

2‐14


for new project. But it will be respected during construction phase to the extent that

no damage is caused to habitat of any species.

2‐15


3. 0 DESCRIPTION OF THE PROJECT 3.1 GENERAL

The project will involve construction of new Grid Sub-station of 220 kV adjacent to

Mansehra city that is located in Mansehra District, Khyber-Pakhtunkhwa province

of Pakistan. It is very near to Abbottabad city. It is a major stop for tourists on

the Karakoram Highway which leads to China. It is also a major transit point to the

northern areas and locations such as the Kaghan Valley, Naran, Shogran, Lake

Saiful Mulook and Babusar Top.

The nearest settlement to the proposed Grid Sub station is Debgran Village

with total population of about 1400-1600 approximately at a distance of 1 km

from GS.

There are small villages near the proposed Grid sub station i.e. Debgran,

Sheikhabad, Baidran, Jailo, Shahelia but they are generally about 500 m to 4 km

away from the proposed project. Figure 1.2 presents the location of the proposed 220

kV sub station (N34o 20’ 8”, S 73o 9’ 8”).

3.2 220 KV GRID SUBSTATION LOCATION AND SCALE OF PROJECT

The new sub-station has been proposed at Debgran, district Mansehra. It is

located about 5 km from Mansehra city. The subproject will involve the

construction of a new 220 kV GS at Debgran Mansehra that will be known as

“220 kV Substation Mansehra”.

Depending upon the type of tower and subsoil condition, the tower footings

have variable dimensions. However, a minimum of 225m2 working area will be

required for the excavation of normal foundations and upwards of 400m2 for

the larger angle towers. The depth of excavation for the normal foundation

varies from 12m to 15m. The excavation for tower footing is carried out either

manually or by mechanical excavator as per site requirements.

After fixing steel reinforcements concreting the piles the necessary excavation

ditch is refilled with excavated material and the site is brought to the original

ground level. As such, only four tower pedestals protrude above the ground

3‐1

http://www.absoluteastronomy.com/topics/Mansehra_District

http://www.absoluteastronomy.com/topics/Pakistan

http://www.absoluteastronomy.com/topics/Abbottabad

http://www.absoluteastronomy.com/topics/Karakoram_Highway

http://www.absoluteastronomy.com/topics/China

http://www.absoluteastronomy.com/topics/Kaghan_Valley

http://www.absoluteastronomy.com/topics/Naran_Village

http://www.absoluteastronomy.com/topics/Shogran


level by about 0.15m for normal foundations and about 1.8m for pile

foundations. Tower erection will be carried out on the concreted pile pad locations with the

help of derrick poles or cranes. The required working area for this activity is

about 2500m2 for each tower. The tower will be erected in panels of 2m to 3m

height. The panels are assembled on the ground, lifted in parts with the help

of derrick poles/crane and then joined together with nuts and bolts, which are

tightened at the specified torque.

Since GS will be located on the main road there will be no problem for the

contractor to transport the material. Similarly, there are, pucca (paved) and

katcha (unpaved) tracks. In aligning the high-voltage transmission line the

design aims to pass through as thinly populated areas as possible. As such,

the accessibility will not be a problem. The contractor will not construct new

ways but use the existing, Pucca (paved) and katcha (unpaved), tracks, to

transport the machinery and construction material.

This will result in very little, if any, damage to the vegetation or disruption in

the vicinity of GS. The proposed project is approachable through a number of

major or minor metalled roads and village tracks. Almost all the village tracks

are linked to the metalled roads and are thus accessible to vehicles. The

contractor is unlikely to need to transport the materials manually. In any event

care will be taken that the disruption to the vegetation is kept to a minimum.

The environmental impacts are likely to be localized near the construction at

site and impacts are reviewed in the environmental impact section of the

report. The impacts will need to be reviewed and amended if necessary when

the detailed designs are available.

The GS construction is within a rural agricultural and cultivated area. The

potential environmentally significant features will be limited to the

construction stage of the proposed project and will be mitigated through

proper implementation of environmental management plan.

The project will not affect any agricultural cultivated fields crops, orchards,

uncultivated land, saline and waterlogged land, scrub forests, barren and

3‐2


sandy/rocky areas. However, the disturbance to these areas will be much

localized as most of the construction work will take place at the land acquired

for GS. Further major disturbance outside the RoW should not be significant

if routine environmental management procedures and engineering controls

are implemented thoroughly.

Categorization is based on the most environmentally sensitive component

and Mansehra GS is categorized as a Category “B” sub-project under ADB

requirements and this IEE report is based on that assumption.

The aspects of the project with potential for significant environmental impacts

need to be assessed in detail and environmental assessment has therefore

focused on significant impacts from the construction aspects as well as

consultation with the public near and around the proposed site. This report

has also surveyed the areas near the proposed project site and immediate

hinterland that may be affected by knock on effects from impacts such as

waste disposal.

The project area of influence (AOI) is the area likely to be effected by the

project, including all its ancillary aspects such as power transmission

corridors, pipelines, canals and access roads, borrow & waste disposal sites,

batching plant and labor camp as well as unplanned development induced by

the project.

3.3 OBJECTIVES OF THE PROJECT Main objectives of the proposed Project are as follows:

• To meet the rapidly growing demand for electrical power in the country

• To construct a new Grid Sub-station of 220 kV at Debgran Mansehra.

• Mitigate any adverse impacts (physical, biological or social). 3.4 DESCRIPTION OF THE PROJECT

The condition of the power transmission system in Pakistan is inadequate to

meet rapidly growing demand for electrical power. This situation limits

3‐3


national development and economic growth. To cater for transmission of

power from power generation facilities under development, the existing

power transmission infrastructure has to be expanded. The overall

contribution of power infrastructure also requires institutional arrangements

and capacity that support strategic management of the sector, and planning

and management of investments. Overall the proposed PTE-MFF facility has

been designed to address investment and institutional aspects in the

electrical power sector.

The 220 kV sub-station has been proposed near Mansehra. Load flow

studies have been carried out for the peak load conditions of August and

September 2012 under normal system conditions with a new 220 kV grid

station. In general, the studies show that with the commissioning of 220 kV

grid station the system will operate within the load and voltage limits and will

ensure the evacuation of power from power generation facilities being added

to the system.

The feasibility study for the subproject was prepared by consultants has

demonstrated the need for the proposed improvements based on electricity

demand and network studies and that significant benefits can accrue in the

form of reduced load on transformers and reduction in transmission line

losses. Thus there is a clear and immediate future need for this subproject.

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4.0 DESCRIPTION OF THE ENVIRONMENT 4.1 Project Area Introduction:

The proposed project site is located near Mansehra city. Mansehra city is located

at 34°20′N 73°12′E: in Mansehra District, Khyber-Pakhtunkhwa province of Pakistan.

It is a major stop for tourists on the Karakoram Highway which leads to China. It is

also a major transit point to the northern areas and locations such as the Kaghan

Valley, Naran, Shogran, Lake Saiful Mulook and Babusar top. It is very near to

Abbottabad city.

4.1.1 General Characteristics of Project Area This Chapter describes the environmental, social and biological baseline conditions of

the project area. The baseline conditions have been established on the basis of the

data collected from the field, secondary data, structured interviews, formal and

informal scoping sessions and group discussions with the communities of various

settlements located along the river and in the vicinity of sites selected for construction

of project components. In addition, information was also gathered from officials of

various departments including departments of Forestry, Wildlife, Agriculture and

Revenue.

The 220 kV Grid Sub Station site is located in Debgran Mansehra on 242 Kanals of

land. The land has already been acquired and is in possession of NTDC since 2008.

It is an agricultural land. Land was lying uncultivated at time of this IEE in October

2011 however; some weeds and rain water was standing in the proposed land.

The Purpose of this chapter is to establish the baseline conditions for the physical,

biological and the social aspects of environment of the project area. The data was

collected regarding the physical environment, biological environment and social

aspects of the study area during stake holder consultation and technical visits

conducted by the environment team

4.1.2 Affected Administrative Units

The land for GS has already been purchased so it will not affect any of the nearby

community. The proposed project activity will indirectly affect some local villages i.e.

Debgran, Sheikhabad, Baidran, Jailo, Shahelia. The lands in the project area are

mainly proprietary and used for cultivation and settlements.


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For the purpose of this study the GS has been assumed to affect all the adjacent

local authorities and interviews have been conducted with the public from all along

the project site. In addition to the main villages there are about few isolated houses

and hamlets scattered near the proposed project site.

4.1.3 Land Status in Project Area

Mansehra District is in the Khyber Pakhtun khwa province of Pakistan, an area still

unofficially known as the Northwest Frontier. Mansehra district and town are named

after Man Singh, a leading general of Mughal Emperor Akbar. The Kaghan

Valley area (a popular tourist destination) and the Karakoram Highway pass through

the district. During Bhutto's regime, Mansehra was upgraded to a district, containing

two subdivisions: Mansehra and Batagram. Later, the Mansehra district had

the Balakot subdivision added to it. Bordering districts Mansehra shares its borders

with numerous other districts: the Kohistan and Diamir districts to the

north, Abbottabad District to the south, the Neelum District of Azad Kashmir to the

west, and the Swat district to the east and Batagram District to the northeast

administration.

4.2 Physical Resources

The Purpose of this chapter is to establish the baseline conditions for the physical

aspects of the project area. The data were collected regarding the physical

environment, of the study area during stake holder consultation and technical visits

conducted by the environment team.

4.2.1 Location

Mansehra is located at 34° 14' and 35° 11' north latitudes and 72° 49' and 74° 08'

east longitude. It is bounded in the north by Batagram and Kohistan districts, in the

east by Muzafarabad district of Azad Jamu and Kashmir, in the south by Abbottabad

and Haripur districts and in the west by Swat district

The leading distinctive features of Mansehra are its mountain ranges, the plains, the

valleys and the lakes. The area has been blessed with the rich and harmonious

combination of tall and stately fine trees, high mountains, plains, beautiful valleys and

lakes which make it a heaven of peace. The mountain ranges which enter Mansehra

district from Kashmir are the offshoots of the great Himalayan system. In Kaghan


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valley the mountain system is the highest of the area including the Babusar top. This

range flanks the right bank of the Kunhar, contains a peak (Malika-e-Parbat) of over

17,000 feet, the highest in the district. On the mountains the grasslands are also

found where Gujars and other nomads migrate during summer for grazing their

sheep, goats and other animals. On the northern side there are mountains which are

the extension of the same mountain system as that of Kaghan Mountains. This range

diverges from the eastern side at Musa-ka-Musalla a peak (13,378 feet), which skirt

the northern end of the Bhogarmang and Konsh valleys, and sends down a spur to

divide the two. Here also, like Kaghan, thick forests are found especially on the

higher slopes. Due to extensive exploitation only in unapproachable areas the thick

forests are found.

In the west of the Siran valley the mountain ranges of Richari and Tanglai run

towards the Chuttar plain. This plain is surrounded by the high mountains of Hilkot.

The Batagram valley totally consists of mountains and hills. On the south of Chutter

and Batagram is the Agror valley separated by the Tanglai Mountain from Pakhli

through a gap which is called Sosal Galli. From Agror southward are the Tanawal

Mountains, Bhingra (8,500 feet) being the highest.

Towards the west from Oghi the important Black Mountain range runs northwards.

This area is termed as the tribal area and notorious for the outlaws and criminals.

The mountains are generally covered with forests only on the higher places. From

Mansehra town's westward the area is covered with low lying hills, the Bareri hill

being prominent of them. Plain Tracts: Some plains of Mansehra worth mentioning

are Pakhli, Chuttar, Agror and Mangal. Pakhli tract is 3,000 feet above the sea level,

11 mile from north to south and ten mile from east to west. It is the most fertile and

intensively cultivated plain, especially on the western side and is irrigated by bourns

and nullahs and the Siran River. The Chuttar plain lies on the north of the Pakhli plain

and is 5, 5000 feet above the sea level, smaller in size than the former. The Agror

tract is also popular in the area where rice, barley, wheat, maize and other crops are

cultivated.


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4.2.2 Water Resources and Water Quality

Surface Water

The only stream that flows in the middle of Mansehra city is known as Pooth.

It is the main source of water supply in the city. The main water pipeline is

divided at two locations to provide water in the city of Mansehra. This pipeline

is subjected to deterioration that results in supply of polluted water to the

citizens of Mansehra. There was a time when many small streams used to fall

in this stream but today this stream is also receiving sewerage water and solid

waste of the city. The main surface water source near the proposed project

area is the water well in debgran village. The water is pumped from a depth of

36 feet.

Figure 4.1 : Water well in Debgran village

Ground water

Basically, the proposed Project site is 1 km away from Debgran village and

even the whole Mansehra District is devoid of any true ground water aquifer.

This is because of the rocky formation of the area and steep slopes of the

mountains.

The snow melt and rain water seeps into the ground to recharge the local

aquifer of the mountains but reappears at places in the form of springs. The

domestic water requirement of the communities is generally met from the

spring water. It has been observed that the settlements are located where

spring water is available in addition to the availability of level ground for

housing and cultivation. The quality of spring water is reported by locals to be


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good. The water is free from contamination because of filtrating action of the

strata through which it is passing.

In general the waters from river and springs are safe for consumption from

chemical ingredient point of view except that turbidity in river water is high, but

from biological point of view these are unsafe for drinking purposes. Even

spring waters are contaminated with bacteria. The waters would require

appropriate treatment, before these are used for drinking by construction

crew.

The water quality study for project site need to cover the following:

Primary data: collection of statistically valid sample of the water at the project

site and their analysis. Water sampling includes parameters such as pH, Total

Dissolved Solids (TDS), Dissolved Oxygen (D.O), Chlorides, Chlorine,

Turbidity, Temperature, Color, Odor etc and was compared with US-EPA

standard values.

4.2.3 Topography, Geography, Geology, and Soils

The geology of the area may be described as a section of Earth’s Crust coming well

within the area of Himalayan disturbance. The project area is a part of land

formations developed at the foothills of Himalayan Range through tectonic events

subsequent to those that caused building of Himalaya. Both the banks of Siran River

at weir site are almost fully covered with thick alluvial material having terrace

cultivation, cluster of trees at places and natural grass and plants etc. The tunnel will

run across the mountain from right bank of Siran River to a place near village

Granthali located on the right bank of Siran River. The hill slopes are generally

covered with vegetation, comprising cultivated terraces, natural grass, plants and

trees. There are number of major steep gradient nullahs joining Siran River.

Geological conditions at reservoir and powerhouse are almost similar and favourable.

Rocks observed near the proposed project site are Quartzite, and Igneous rock

including Dolerite. The soils of Mansehra District are derived from metamorphic rocks

and silts of Mica Granite. Mostly the mountains are covered with primary soils, except

along the river and nullahs where the beds are almost devoid of soil material

because of steep slopes or the scouring action of the river and nullah flows. The


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texture of the primary soils varies from moderately fine to moderately coarse

depending upon the rock type from which these have developed. The soils of the

raised terraces in floodplains are generally devoid of the stony material whereas the

soils of lower terraces generally contain varied quantities of pebbles, cobbles and

boulders. However, within the flood plains where slopes are milder to nearly level,

deposits of secondary soils are met with. Such areas include Sacha Khurd, Deedal,

Giyar Sacha, Upper bela and Lower bela, Granthali and Kundi Sehri Villages.

4.2.4 Geotechnical Investigation of Proposed Area- Faults of Area

Sub station site is located in Mansehra District is in a zone which is seismically active

due to the Continuing northward drifting of the Indian plate and its subduction under

the Eurasian plate. This tectonic activity has resulted in the production of a crustal

accretion wedge; The Himalayan range is, therefore, evident that the geotectonic of

the whole region is related to the collision of the two plates and subsequent formation

process of the Himalayan ranges. The inter-continental collisions has resulted in

intense deformation with complex folding involving strike-slip and thrust faulting. This

tectonic process is the origin of the seismicity along the Himalayas and in particular

where Northern Pakistan is located. The major regional faults related to the

intercontinental collision and considered to be active and capable of generating

earthquakes, including Main Karakorum Fault (MKF), Main Mantle Thrust (MMT),

Panjal Thrust (PT), Main Boundary Thrust (MBT), and Salt Range Thrust. Substation

in manshera is located near the vicinity of Main Boundary Thrust (MBT) and Main

Mantle Thrust (MMT).

The geotectonic of the whole region is therefore related to the collision of the Indian

tectonic plate with Eurasian plate and subsequent formation process of the

Himalayan Ranges. This intercontinental collision has resulted in intense deformation

with complex folding involving strike – slip and thrust faulting and crustal thickening

expressed as a series of thrust faults accompanied by a continental subduction

process. This tectonic process is the origin of the seismicity along the Himalayas and

in particular where northern Pakistan and Kashmir are located.


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Figure 4.2 Zones of Convergence

4.2.5 Climate and Hydrology Climate:

The climate of the district is warm in summer and cold in winter. Since the altitude of

the district ranges from 2000 to 4500 meters, the winter season remains extremely

cold in the upper half of the district while in the lower half it remains moderate. Snow

fall generally starts by the end of November on the high peaks of the mountains and

descends downwards as the temperature falls further. Snow fall also occurs in the

late February and continues sometimes up to the middle of March after which the

weather becomes pleasant and usually remains mild during the remaining period of

the year. May to August is the summer months. January is the coldest month.

Rainfall is less in the Northern portion of the district.

Rivers and Lakes Siran and Kunhar (Nain Sukh) are well known rivers of the district. The Siran issues

from Panjool and flows through the western plain of Pakhli. Two canals have been

taken out from the Siran River, the upper Siran canal at Dharial and lower Siran

canal at Shinkiari. From Pakhli the Siran runs into the Tanawal hills and joins the

Indus at Tarbela in the North West. Its total course is between 70 to 80 miles, and it

irrigates 6,273 acres of land. The Kunhar bursts out from the lake Lulusar at the head

of Kaghan valley and after a turbulent course of 110 miles falls in the river Jhelum at


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Pattan. Since the land upon its bank is little level therefore, its water is not used for

irrigation purposes. Some other notable bourn and nullahs which flow in district

Mansehra are Pootkattha (Mansehra), Nadi Unhar (Shergarh), Butkus (joins the

Siran near Icharian) and Ichar. There are three beautiful lakes in Mansehra district.

These are encircled by snow clad peaks of the mountain range in the Kaghan valley.

The names of these lakes are Lulusar, Dudupatsar and Saiful Maluk Sar. The former

two lie near Babusar top while the latter one near Naran. The word "sar" is used with

the name of each lake meaning lake. In the summer when the water of these lakes

reflects like a mirror a large number of visitors from different areas of the country

come to watch the enchanting views of these lakes. With Saiful Maluk Sar a legend

of mythical fairy Badri Jamal and Prince Saiful Maluk is associated while Lulu Sar is

the reminiscent of those 55 participants of 1857 war of independence who had been

arrested near Lulu Sar.

Valleys There are many valleys in Mansehra among which the Kaghan valley, Konsh valley,

Agror valley, Bhogarman valley and Pakhal valley are most popular. These large

valleys have, taken together, produced holiday resorts such as the Kaghan valley.

This particularly earned the reputation of having the most enchanting tourist resorts

of Pakistan. Agror is a small valley lying at the foot of Black Mountain and is

separated from Pakhli by the ridge of Tanglai. Konsh and Bhogarmang are also

famous valleys.

Temperature:

Average monthly maximum temperature varies from 14.0o C in January to 35 o C in

June, whereas monthly mean minimum temperature ranges between 2o C in January

to 21 o C in June.

Precipitation

Average annual precipitation of the project area is 1680 mm, most part of which is

received during monsoon moths. Winter rains are received during February to April.

Table below depicts maximum one day rainfall for 31 years (1961 through 2004). The

table shows that minimum one day rainfall was experienced in the year 1973 with the


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figure of 21.60mm. The maximum one day rainfall occurred during the year of 1976

when the precipitation was 193.80 mm

Table 4.1 Maximum & Minimum Annual One day Rainfall

Sr. No. Year Annual One Day Rainfall (mm)

1 1969 44.96

2 1973 21.60

3 1974 74.70

4 1975 72.14

5 1976 193.80

6 1977 114.30

7 1978 68.80

8 1979 68.80

9 1980 69.90

10 1981 52.32

11 1982 56.00

12 1983 104.00

13 1984 73.00

14 1985 94.00

15 1986 89.00

16 1987 55.00

17 1988 48.00

18 1989 75.20

19 1990 86.90

20 1991 92.50

21 1992 102.40

22 1993 89.40

23 1994 79.00

24 1995 100.30

25 1996 93.20

26 1997 87.60

27 1998 101.10

28 2001 109.20

29 2002 114.60


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Graph 4.1 Maximum & Minimum Annual One day Rainfall

Air Quality

The primary factors that determine the air quality of a region are the possible sources

of air pollution, the type and intensity of pollutant emissions, existing levels of air

emissions, and the local meteorological conditions.

Air Quality of Project Area is fine due to absence of any Industry in the project zone.

No significant sources of pollution like Industrial emissions, vehicle exhaust, were

observed,

The Air Quality study for the project site needed to cover the following:

30 2003 143.50

31 2004 147.30


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Noise and Vibration

Noise is mainly produced from traffic and different industrial processes. Prolonged

exposure to noise can cause loss in concentration, stress and hearing loss in human

beings. The project area is located in Debgran Mansehra surrounded by steep slopes

having vegetation. There are very few houses located near the sites of project

component. Though the roads are available in the project area but the intensity of

traffic is very low and the level of noise is assumed to be low.

4.3 Ecological resources (flora)

There are no protected forests in or adjacent to the project area. Mansehra District is

rich in natural vegetation. Besides the scattered vegetation in almost entire area, the

hills are covered with forests of broad leaf and pine trees in accordance with the

altitude. Fruit trees are rare, these are generally found in the courtyards of the

farming communities. Most common trees are Drawa, Deodar, Shisham, Pine,

Poplar, Chir, Draic and Bakain. Trees of Apricot, Pear, Peaches, and Apple also exist

According to standard classification of forest types of Pakistan (Champion, Seth and

Khattak 1965) the forests fall under the major type “Montane temperate forests”.

These forests are predominately coniferous with some broad-leaved species. Chir

(Pinus roxburghii) forests form transitional stage between the Montane temperate

and Dry tropical vegetation around about the elevation of 763 and 1830 m. “Chir”

covers small area and is confined to lower limits .On upper limits Chir pine is mixed

with blue pine (Pinus wallichiana.) The dominating species are few forming pure or

mixed associations. The occurrence of species depends upon the aspect, altitude

and local habitat conditions. Abies pindrow in northern aspects or moist slopes, Pinus

wallichiana with Taxus wallichiana as an under storey and occasional Cedrus

deodara on dryer hotter slopes.

The flora of Mansehra is a very interesting study. Due to the diversity of local

topography and climate, particularly of rainfall, the flora varies from place to place.

Tree species are well represented by the deciduous and evergreen types. The

commonest broad leaved trees are walnut, asanthus, eucalyptus, acacia, chestnut,

birth-cherry, yew, barmi, peshor, wild olive, ash, plane tree, alder, Persian lilac, elm,

mulberry, and many species of willow and poplar Birch and occasionally juniper are


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found in the higher parts. Among the conifers there are pine, deodar, blue pine

spruce and silver fir. The best-known forests of pine in Mansehra are the forest of

Batrasi, Jaba, Dadar and Paraziarat. Deodar and blue pine grow in stony slopes like

fir and spruce.

The general vegetation is of the shrub type which includes the shrubs or medium size

trees. The common shrubs and herbs of the area are sanatha, grund, phulah, wild

indigo, valerian, peony, sorrel, timar, phitni, hawthorn, oleaster, wayfaring, barberry,

bamble, kamila and others. In the upper area as the snow melts by the approach of

the spring followed by summer, the whole area gives the appearance of a vast flower

bed, dominated by the number of annual and perennial herbs. Apple, apricot, plum,

fig, pear, wild pear, mango, orange, damson, litchi, and persimmon are worth

mentioning fruit trees of the area. Sunflower, rose, jasmine, jasmine-zambak,

narcissus, tulip, lily, dog violet, brush flax, iris and must-rose are included in the flora

of Mansehra.

Table 4.2 : Flora of Mansehra District

Sr.No. Scientific Name Vernacular Name

1 Pinusroxberghii Pine

2 Dalbergiasisso Shisham

3 Cedrusdeodara Deodar

4 Meleaazedarie Bakain

5 Punicagranatum Daroon

6 Zyziphusjajuba Beri

7 Meliaazedarach Bakain

8 Olea cuspidate Kahu

9 Liriodendron tulipifera Poplar

10 Diospyrosdigyna Persimmon

11 Robiniapseudoacacia Rubania

12 Malusdomestica Apple

13 Prunuspersica Peach

14 Pyrusboissieriana Pear

15 Prunusarmeniaca Apricot


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4.3.1 Major Flora of Project Area

A number of trees are present over the project area. In so called plain areas shade

trees and shrubs are present. Among shade trees Shisham, Deodar and Drawa are

common. While in fruit trees Peach, Pear and Apricot trees have been observed.

Detail of flora in project area is given in table below.

Table 4.3: Flora of Project Area

16 Sect. Juglans. Walnut

17 Acacia nilotica Kikar

18 Malusdomestica Apple

Sr. No. Shade Trees %

1 Shisham 10

2 Deodar 17

3 Drawa 29

4 Pine 10

5 Beeri 5

6 Kikar 3

7 Poplar 10

8 Rubania 5

9 Bakain 12

Fruit Trees %

1 Apple 2

2 Walnut 11

3 Peach 28

4 Pear 24

5 Persimmon 1

6 Apricot 34


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4.3.2 Fauna of the area:

Most of the fauna in the Project area is local or domestic. During winter, however, a

few migratory bird species visit the Project area on route to further south. The Project

area is devoid of any habitat for the migratory species. Some species however, use

local water resources as resting and feeding ground. Bird life is scanty. The birds

such as crow, kite and common sparrow, King Fisher, Monal, Little brown dove can

be seen. The bird population is thin in project area.

Mansehra district sprawling over an area of 4579 sq. km. had been traditionally the

home of variety and plenty from faunistic point of view. The expansion in agricultural

activities has affected the natural habitats of the area. Fisheries:

The fresh water fauna is directly or indirectly dependent on the local rainfall, natural

springs, and mostly the Kunhar and Siran rivers. The Kunhar River abounds in trout

fish, a hot favourite for amateur fishing zeal. A trout fish hatchery has been

esustablished at Shinu (Kaghan) to supplement the fish numbers. China corp. gold

fish, mullah, chukar and eel are found in the Siran.

Birds: In avian fauna are included several species of Herons, Teals, Doves, Cuckoos, Bee

Eaters, Wood Peckers, Larks, Shrikes, Bulbuls, Finches and Wagtails are widely

dispersed in gardens, Cultivated Fields, Streams And Hill Slopes. Swallows, Parrots,

Mainas, Pigeon, Sparrows, Hoopoe, Kingfishers and Crows are also found, while

western horned tragopan, imperial monal pheasant, and kokla pheasant are found

only in hilly areas, whereas black and grey partridges as well as quails are also

common. The birds of prey are shikra, sparrow hawk, owl and several species of

vulture.

Mammals: Mansehra still has varied mammalian fauna despite the fact that the mammals had

the hardest time directly or indirectly through man's persecution. The rhesus

monkeys and the common lungur are dwelling in large numbers. Among the

Carnivorous & Endangered Species: lion and cheetah became extinct while the snow leopard and leopard are endangered

species. The snow leopard moves up and down the mountains with its favourite prey

like markhor. The other animals found in Mansehra are Wolf, Red Fox, Black and

Brown Bears, Jackal, Leopard, Leopard Cat, Himalayan Lynx, Mongoose, Musk


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Deer, Grey Goral and Ibex. The pet animals are Camel, Buffalo, Cow, Horse,

Donkey, Sheep and Goat.

Table 4.4 : Fauna of Project Area

Sr.No. Scientific Name Local Name

1 Caprefalconeri Markhur

2 Porous impejanus Monal

3 OvisOrientalis Urial

4 Selenaretos,thibetanus Himalyanbear

5 Pantherapardus Leopard

6 S.senegalensis Little brown dove

7 Canis lupus pallipes Wolf

8 Rhesus Monkey Maacamulatta

9 Vulpesbengalensis Fox

10 Streptopeliachinensis Spotted dove

11 Coraciiformes King fisher

12 Felissilvestris Wild cat

13 Sylvilagusbrasiliensis Forest rabbit


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Table 4.5: Domestic Fauna of Project Area

Sr.No. Scientific Name Local Name

1 Anoaspp Buffalo

2 Caprahircus Goat

3 Equusasinus Donkey

4 EquusCahallus Horse

5 Equusspp Mule

6 Canisspp Dog

7 Gallus domesticus Domestic Chicken

8 Columbia livia Pigeon

Mansehra Wild life Division

Mansehra Wildlife Division is comprised of two Districts i.e. Mansehra and Batagram

having five number of Tehsils and seventy eight Number of union councils (58 U.C in

Mansehra District and 20 U.C in Battagram District).Total population of District

Mansehra is 160,0000 whereas that of Battagram is 477,000 .Total area of

Mansehra Wildlife Division is approximately 5880 square kilometer ( Area of District

Mansehra is 4579 sq km and That of District Batagram is 1301sq. Km) .Out of this

total area only one tenth is forested area which comprises of various categories of

forests like protected forests reserved forests, Guzara/community forests and

resumed lands. Mansehra Wildlife Division is famous for its beautiful mountains, thick

forests, fertile lands and enchanting streams. Most of the population is rural and is

dependent upon natural resources for livelihood. There are number of game reserve

in Mansehra i.e Jallo, Lassan Thukral, Sheikhabad and kareer etc.


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4.4 ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT Agriculture

The lack of irrigation facilities in the district has affected the productivity of the soil in

spite of its fertility. Total area of the district is 10, 67,291 acres out of which 2, 58, 999

acres is cultivated and 8, 08,292 acres is uncultivated. Irrigated land is 48, 571 acres

only. Thus the land proves not much productive. Cultivation mainly depends on

seasonal rainfall. The soil of Pakhli plain is very fertile and productive due to irrigation

facilities. The mentionable crops of Mansehra are wheat, maize, rice, tobacco

rapeseed and mustard, barley and fodder, vegetables, soybeans and pulses. Tea

growing experiments have also been made at Shinkiari, Baffa and Ichrian due to a

suitable climate and congenial condition. These experiments have proved successful.

Fruit orchards are also a source of income. Large number of people earns their

livelihood through agriculture.

4.5 Protected areas / National sanctuaries Important & Historical Places: There are a number of important and historical places in Mansehra. Kaghan is

famous for its pleasant climate in summer when tourists come to watch its beautiful

views. Then comes Balakot, which has a great significance in the history of Hazara

with special reference of Syed Ahmed Shaheed's movement. The other well-known

villages and towns are Mansehra, Baffa, Shinkiari, Dhodial, Battal, Bhogarmang,

Phulra (chief village of the former Phulra state), Oghi, Shergarh (the summer

headquarters of the former Nawab of Amb), Darband (former centre of Amb state),

Gulibagh (capital of former Pakhli Sarkar), Ghari, Habibullah, Jabori, Chutter, Dadar,

Khaki and Kaladhaka.

A Mansehra district is famous for its game reserves. There are many game reserves

in the district. Following are the closest to the proposed 220 KV grid station:

• Jallo Game Reserve (6 km)

• Sheikhabad Game Reserve (6km)

Ethnic Groups in Project Area:

Project area is home to a diverse group of people including different tribes and clans,

amongst whom Swati are dominant with a percentage of 73.2. Remaining population


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belongs to Yousaf Zia (15%), Tanoli (8.2%), Gujiar (3.1%), Awan (13%) and Quraishi

(2.1%) tribes. Community, as a whole, is socially cohesive with minor conflicts which

are resolved locally by the elders.

Graph 4.2 Percentage Of Different Tribes in Project Area

Source : Associated Consulting Engineers (ACE) Pvt. Ltd)

People:

Mansehra district is inhabited by a large number of tribes as well as khels. The

people are as mixed as the soil. Among them some are the oldest inhabitants while

the other arrived here in different periods of time. The first arrival of the latter group is

dated back to the medieval times. Some invaded this area and settled here while

some others came to seek shelter. In ancient times these people practiced Buddhism

but later on they shifted to Hinduism when it gained power after a long while. In the

medieval period the Muslims introduced Islam to them. The inhabitants of Mansehra

speak Hindko, Pashto, Gojri and Urdu languages. Hindko, Pashto and Gojri are the

local languages while Urdu being the national language is spoken and understood

throughout the district.

Gujars, Tanaolis, Swatis, Awans and Syeds are important and prominent tribes of the

district. Except Awans all of them are politically sound and powerful. Swatis and

Syeds have better economic status while majority of the other tribes have weak

economic standing.In addition to above mentioned tribes Dhunds, Qureshis,

Gukhars, Mughals, Rajputs, Turks, Akhun Khels, Utmanzais, Hassanzais and Nusrat

Khels are worth mentioning tribe and khels in district Mansehra. They live in different


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parts of the district but are small in number.The population of the district according to

the census of 1998 is 11, 52,839. The current growth rate is 2.4%. Density per

square kilometre is 252 persons. The total area of the district is 4,579 square

kilometres. According to the census of 1998, 45.5% of the population is under 15

years of age; 50.6% is between the age groups of 15 and 64 years, while 3.9%

comprises persons of 65 years old and above. Literacy rate is 36.3%.

Language: The main language of the people nearby is hindko , Urdu & Pashto.

Surrounding Villages The rural area surrounding Mansehra city consists of chains of villages that include:

Khawari, Mangloor, lassan thakral gali ,Chitta Batta ,Attar Shesha ,Khwajgan ,Guli

Bagh ,Baffa ,Bhanda Peeraan ,Pakhwal ,Furrukhabad ,Aurangabad ,Behali ,Karer

,Jankiary ,Shargarh ,Khun Tanol ,Doganwab ,Kharyala ,Dhangri ,Hajiabad ,Jaloo

,Labourkot ,Ogra ,Potha ,Hark ,Ghazikot Township Mansehra ,Sufaida ,Hado Bandi

,Maira Amjed Ali. Two main roads lead all the way in to the city, Shinkiari road and

Kashmir road. The Karakoram Highway is just outside the city limits of Mansehra.

Ghazikot Township is a housing colony just outside the city and is famous for its

natural beauty.

Population Of District, Manshera

1998 1981 Total ................ 1,153,000 ................ 770,200 Density ............. 252/sq km ................ 168/ sq km Growth rate .......... 2.40 % ................. 1.20 %

Health Facilities in the Project Area

Though the health facility in the immediate Project area is insufficient Mansehra city

has number of hospitals and basic health units. The people near the project area

have to go to Shinkiari, Mansehra and Dadar for medical treatment.

Table 4.6 : Type & number of health facilities in Mansehra.

Type of health facilities Total No.


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(2004)

Combined Military Hospital CMH/ HQH 1 01 01

Hospitals 12

Dispensaries 24

Rural Health Centers 08

Basic Health Units 58 58 58

Civil Dispensaries 21

M.C.H. Centers 03

T.B. / Leprosy Centers 04

Source : www.erra.gov.pk

Education: The proposed project site is located in a province with a literacy rate of 35.41%. In

comparison, Pakistan as a whole has literacy rate of 43.92%, while Islamabad leads

the nation with a 72.4% literacy rate.

Table 4.7 : Education Facilities in Mansehra

Education Facilities 2004-2005

Hazara University 1

Post Graduate Colleges 2

Degree Colleges for Boys 3

Degree Colleges for Girls 1

Higher Secondary Schools for Boys 14

Higher Secondary Schools for Girls 02

High Schools for Boys 79

High Schools for Girls 26

Middle Schools for Boys 122

Middle Schools for Girls 57

Primary Schools for Boys 883

Primary Schools for Girls 3

Source : www.erra.gov.pk


5. ANALYSIS OF ALTERNATIVES

The key function of the analysis of options is to compare feasible alternatives to the

proposed project components including the ‘No project’ situation. The potential

environmental impacts of each alternatives and feasibility of mitigation of these

impacts along with their suitability under local conditions are also compared. The

following options/alternatives were analyzed for the assessment of strengths and

weaknesses of the proposed project:

• No project option/ Do nothing scenario/worst scenario option

• Alternative construction methods

• Alternative geometry:

• Option of employing outside labour instead of local labour

The construction of “220 kV Grid Sub-Station Mansehra” will contribute to the

improvement of the overall performance of the power transmission sector, improving

transmission efficiency, by widening access to power to drive economic

opportunities. The beneficiaries of the Project will be people, companies, and

government and non-government agencies in Pakistan that use power transmission

services. Power users will benefit in terms of secure power and improved power

safety and potentially increased productivity

5.1 NO PROJECT OPTION/WORST SCENARIO OPTION

(a) Analysis

• Strength and opportunities If the Project is not taken up at all, then all the efforts and investments shall be saved

and these will become available for other developmental project. Land Acquisition,

Resettlement and biodiversity issues can be avoided and aesthetic of the area can be

conserved.

Furthermore, the cost of the construction and operational expenses would be avoided.

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• Weaknesses and Threats Predictions and studies (load flow studies) have indicated that, without Tranche-3

power transmission subproject, supply will not be as reliable as with the project. The

power from power generation facilities under development will also not be available

to the load centers. The project is also a part of an overall strategic improvement to

the system.

In absence of the subproject, the potential for interruptions to power supply will

increase and socio-economic development of the provinces could be affected in the

short to medium term. In an un-enhanced state the potential for interruptions to

supply and increased wear and tear on equipment (transformers etc) will be

enhanced. This will also raise costs due to repairs and spare parts, time (man-hour

loss) increased maintenance, etc. In the short and medium term the power program

would improve and provide more additional or incremental supplies and also provide

reliable access to secure power.

(b) Conclusion

For this proposal, the weaknesses and threats outweigh the strengths and

opportunities. Therefore, No Project option, possessing the potentials of worst scenario

is not recommended.

5.2 ALTERNATIVE CONSTRUCTION METHODS: Analysis

The feasibility and constructability of GS and installation of equipment is well

practiced in the international context. The process basically includes the

transportation of equipment to site and the assembly of pre-fabricated units’ in-situ.

Thus the impacts from construction are very manageable from the environmental

viewpoint.

5.3 ALTERNATIVE GEOMETRY:

(a) Analysis

The engineering of the sub project has been done and under the process of

approval. During preparation of detailed design of 220 kV GS efforts will be made to

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avoid the any significant impacts of the proposed project on local villages. The

proposed construction will be carried within the proposed substation boundary and

will not cross rural areas and agricultural land.

The extent of land acquisition is presently anticipated to be minimal and none of the

land will be acquired now for GS as land is already under the possession of NTDC.

The consultants are informed that all GS works will be completed within the proposed

sub station boundary and further land acquisition for the GS will not be needed.

5.4 OPTION OF EMPLOYING OUTSIDE LABOUR INSTEAD OF LOCAL LABOUR

(a) Analysis

• Strength and opportunities

More efficient, more dependable and well trained man power will be available. The local

communities, thus, will not be able to exert undue pressures on the Contractor or the

project. The outside labour will set model for the untrained local labour which may

improve. Spending in the local market by the outside labour will bring additional benefits

to local economy.

• Weaknesses and Threats Bringing outside labour will take away the economic benefit from the local communities

and the local communities will not develop a sense of “ownership” for the project. The

project objectives of poverty alleviation, social uplift and capacity building shall be

defeated. A massive social problem shall be created.

(b) Conclusion

In case the labour is brought in from outside, the social losses will be much higher than

the economic gains. However ergonomic limitations may necessitate bringing in small

percentage of outside manpower especially at the skilled level. But, as far as possible,

the local human resource shall have to be preferred.

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5.5 SUMMARY OF ALTERNATIVES 1. No project option/worst scenario option is not recommended

2. The construction of “220 kV Grid Sub-Station Mansehra” will contribute to the

improvement of the overall performance of the power transmission sector and

ultimately meet the rapidly growing demand of energy.

3. Maximum local manpower should be employed on the project.

5.6 PROPOSED SCHEDULE FOR IMPLEMENTATION The Project Proponent (NTDC) plans to have this Subproject to be completed by mid

to late 2013. The details for the implementation of the subproject are in development.

There will not be any significant land acquisition or compensation process except for

the land that is already acquired by NTDC, for the construction of 220 KV GS.

Detailed design of the power transmission arrangements, access, review of

environmental management (only if there are changes made to approved line route)

and construction processes will need to be completed in about six months. When the

detailed designs are completed, tendering and award of contract will take place over

about three to six months. The construction period will follow and best estimates

indicate 30 months to 36 months.

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Power Transmission Enhancement Multitranche Financing Facility – Tranche 3 220 KV Grid station Mansehra IEE Report

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6. PUBLIC CONSULTATION AND DISCLOSURE

This section describes the outcome of the public consultation sessions held with different stakeholders/groups that may be impacted by the project. The consultation process was carried out in accordance with the) Asian Development Bank’s Safe Guard Policy Statement (ADB SPS 2009). The process of the public consultation proceeded as follows: -

Meetings with regional and local officers of NTDC Semi-structured interaction held with communities located near and around

Mansehra Grid Station.

The public consultation (PC) process with various stakeholders has been

approached so as to involve public and other stakeholders from the earliest stages.

Public consultation has taken place during the planning and design and viewpoints of

the stakeholders have been taken into account and their concerns and suggestions

for possible improvements have been included where appropriate. Much of the PC

process to date has revolved around concerns for the mitigation of construction

impacts and the possible side effects from the proximity of GS.

There is also ongoing consultation for land acquisition and resettlement (LARP) and

the completion of the Resettlement Plan (RP) will be documented separately. It is

expected that this process will continue through all stages of the subproject in order

to accommodate stakeholders' aspirations and to orient the stakeholders positively

towards the project implementation and where possible to harness cooperation over

access issues in order to facilitate timely completion.

The public consultation process has commenced in the initial feasibility stages (prior

to construction) in order to disclose the project information to the stakeholders and

record feedback regarding the proposed project and preferences. The stakeholders

involved in the process were the population likely to be impacted from the proposed

power project; the village leaders, school teachers, district administration.

6.1 CONSULTATION PROCESS Information disclosure and public consultation and discussion with the people of the area have been continuing since the project’s feasibility studies in 2010. This process was intensified during the EIA studies, and separate rounds of public consultations were held as part of the preparation of Land Acquisition Resettlement Action Plan (LARP).


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Before and during the project execution, this process will be continued, particularly during the implementation of the EMP and LARP and compensation initiative proposed in LARP and a comprehensive communication strategy will be devised for this purpose.

Prior to the implementation of the consultation, feedback, etc. has been carried out to

support this IEE and recorded. The focus of attention has been the population near

the proposed project that may be affected by the subproject activities. The level of

engagement varied from the stakeholder to stakeholder with some, registering no

major comment but it is noted that none registered any outright opposition to

subproject.

The disclosure of the enhancement project in advance and subsequent consultation

with stake holders has advantages in the environmental assessment and mitigation

of impacts. Public consultation can also provide a conduit for the improvement of the

project implementation to better serve the stakeholders.

The environmental assessment process under the Pakistan Environmental Protection

Act only requires the disclosure to the public after the statutory IEE/EIA has been

accepted by the relevant EPA to be in strict adherence to the rules. In this IEE the

consultation process was performed to satisfy the ADB requirements.

Photos presenting awareness and public consultation campaign are given in

Attachment 5. Surveys were carried out in order to investigate physical,

biological and socio-economic resources falling within the immediate area of

influence of the project. Primary data collection included:

• Land demarcation, measurement and land record collection.

• Pretesting of socioeconomic survey tools in the field.

• Physical measurement of structures falling in the ROW. The semi structured meeting with community representatives held in 2010 and 2011 in and around the project have the following objectives:- :

• Share information with stakeholders on 220 kV GS sub project and expected impacts on aspects of affectees of the Project.

• Understand stakeholders’ concerns regarding various aspects of the Project, including the existing condition of the upgrading requirements, and the likely impact of construction related activities and operation activities;

• Provide an opportunity to the public to influence Project design in a positive manner;


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• Obtain local and traditional knowledge, before decision making;

• Increase public confidence about the proponent, reviewers and decision makers;

• Reduce conflict through the early identification of controversial issues, and work through them to find acceptable solutions;

• Create a sense of ownership of the proposal in the mind of the stakeholders; and

• Develop the proposals that are truly sustainable. 6.2 IDENTIFICATION OF STAKEHOLDERS During the field survey, significant efforts were made to identify the possible categories of stakeholders and their stakes. During the field survey different stakeholders identified were the villagers, local residents, government officials, shop owners, public representative, NGO’s and general public. All those stakeholders had different types of stakes according to their professions. Public consultations were carried out in two steps. The first step employed for the consultations carried out during the Environmental and Social Assessment studies was the identification and categorization of the stakeholders. Two types of the stakeholders were identified: the primary stakeholders, who would be directly affected by the project; and the secondary stakeholders, who would be indirectly affected by the project (or who could indirectly affect the project). Subsequent to the stakeholder identification, guidelines and questionnaires were prepared for conducting the focus group discussions/meetings, which were arranged through contacting the key persons from the community, such as, village heads, and patwaris. After completing the preparatory steps described above, the consultations were carried out in the communities. To meaningfully include the women of the area in the consultation process, separate focus group discussions were arranged both during the ESIA and LARP studies. The consultations with the secondary stakeholders were carried out in parallel to the community meetings. These consultations were held with officials and representatives of public and private departments/institutions. The consultation process during the EA studies and preparation of LARP comprised a total of around 110 participants. Table – 6.1 summarizes these meetings


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Table – 6.1: Summary of consultation meetings

Round Year Description First & Second October

2011 Meeting with APs, local population and project stakeholders. Meeting with local communities, women of nearby villages and project stakeholders.

Third November 2011

Meeting with residents, APs, women of the adjoining villages and meeting with secondary stake holders.

6.3 CONSULTATION FINDINGS Stakeholder Concerns

Residents did not raise many issues. Exceptions were the importance of providing

information early and well before the start of work, targeting “fair” and “timely”

compensation land acquired land acquired for the proposed project, employment as

laborer during construction, avoiding extensive tree cutting, advance payment should

be made before the project commencement, interested to become guard / chowkidar

(watchman) during implementation of the GS, prompt compensation and less

wastage, payment should be made to the effected person, not to the land owner only,

compensation should be through crossed check, early & fairly compensation

required, need of wide publicity of compensation schedule and employment as

laborer during installation of GS. Women folk did not point out many problems but

their confidence to respond was limited. These remained restricted to mainly 7

issues. The issues raised by women’s groups included

1. minimum wastage of crops & trees,

2. company workers should take care of our culture during Construction of GS

3. fair & timely compensation of land,

4. early information before start of work,

5. employment should be given to local men,

6. company works should not disturb us during field work,


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7. project should offer jobs to the affected persons and compensation should be according to shares in crops.

Smaller number of contribution of women folk towards issues/problems of this

subproject were perhaps, due to the fact that construction of 220kV Mansehra Grid

station is localized and within the four walls of the proposed Grid station site. The

community is living far away from the location of the Grid station.

The landowners however, insisted for negotiation on cost of land and asked for fair

and handsome compensation on market rates. The inhabitants near the Grid station

however, expect more stable power supply in the region, with lesser complaints of

load shedding, with the provision of a higher voltage connection. Land acquisition

and resettlement is involved in this project and compensation will be paid to the loss

of crops and trees to the concerned parties/owners in accordance with ADB’s Land

Acquisition and Resettlement Policy.

On the basis of the consultations so far, it appears that the project will have no

insurmountable environmental and social impacts but NTDC will make sure that

compensation and assistance amounts are paid properly and that skilled and

unskilled employment will be preferentially given to the affected people (AP) as far as

is reasonably practicable.

All of the above concerns and expectations have been adequately incorporated in the project design in the form of the mitigation measures included in the Environmental Management Plan and LARP and the communities were so informed during the consultation meetings. 6.4 GENDER COMPONENT The consultations identified some potential environmental and social impacts and perceptions of the affected communities. The public consultation in whole of the subproject area resulted in 82 responses from male group and only 28 responses from females in October-November 2011. Overall, the community supported the construction of the Grid station and transmission lines.

• All the above points would be reflected in Social Framework Agreement (SFA) between the local community and the NTDC and when the project is commissioned for construction.


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6.5 SOCIAL FRAMEWORK AGREEMENT It is the commitment by the project proponent and the local community to work together for the successful completion of the project. It establishes bindings for both parties to minimize possible conflicts. SFA shall be considered as a “follow up” of the public consultation and public hearing (has to be held) and indicates that NTDC and the communities are mutually facilitating the construction process of 220 kV GS sub project. Parties to Agreement SFA will be signed through mutual open consent between the local village leaders and the project proponent. At least two leaders/elders will be chosen from each of the villages situated adjacent to the area where construction activity will be based. These leaders/elders will constitute a villagers committee, which will choose a Chairman among themselves. SFA shall be signed by NTDC Resident Engineer (RE) representing the project proponent and by the Chairman of villagers’ committee representing the local community before two month start of the construction work. Agreement Contents SFA shall be prepared in the form of a legal agreement in Urdu language on a stamp paper to be provided by RE at the project cost. Three copies of the agreement shall be signed by both parties. All the mitigation measures described in EMP which are relevant to SFA shall be included in the agreement. The obligations of the NTDC and those of the community shall be listed clearly. Signed copies of SFA shall be kept by both parties and the Executive Engineer in charge of the 220 kV Grid Station.


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7. ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT AND MITIGATION MEASURES

This chapter categorizes the potential impacts of the construction of 220 kV Grid

sub station Debgran Mansehra project on the physical, biological and social

environment of the project area.

This section discusses the location and scale of the potential environmental impacts

of the proposed Project and identifies mitigation measures to prevent or minimize the

impacts in the design, construction and operational phases that are in line with the

recommendations and guidelines in line with ADB SPS 2009.

The construction of the Project will affect some sensitive receivers (SR) that are

present in the vicinity of proposed project site. The social and human impacts to

village life and impacts to social infrastructure have been subjected to the detailed

assessment in the IEE.

The potential environmental impacts in the design, construction and operational

phases are assessed below. Where impacts are significant enough to exceed

accepted environmental standards, mitigation is proposed in order to reduce residual

impact to acceptable levels and achieve the expected outcomes of the project.

7.1 METHODOLOGY In order to assess the type and intensity of impacts of the project, a checklist of potential impacts was developed on basis of the literature review, field surveys, investigations, and stakeholders consultations. The matrix charts the relations between the project components, and the various aspects of the physical, biological and social environment, and on the basis of this identifies the potential impacts associated with each project activity. The check list also characterizes the impacts with respect to their severity, in addition to determining whether the potential impact can be avoided through better project design and planning, or mitigated with the help of appropriate measures to be taken during the project execution. The check list of potential impacts is presented in Table 7.1. The potential impacts thus identified are discussed in the following sections.


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7.2 IMPACT ASSESSMENT - OVERVIEW The Initial Environmental Examination (IEE) study has disclosed that the project is not likely to have any severe negative impacts on the environment and people of the area. All the potential impacts which have been identified during the present assessment are associated with the construction stage of the project, and mild to moderate in severity; and can easily be avoided (through good design and construction planning) or mitigated (through proper implementation of the EMP and LARAP), as shown in Table 7.1. On the other hand, the project will be beneficial; job opportunities particularly for the local population during construction stage and extremely beneficial for meeting the future energy demands. In addition, the social assistance activities at and around the project area will greatly enhance the project benefits for the local communities. Significant social indicators of the project benefits are mentioned below:

• Improvement in infrastructure

• Significant changes in sustainable development;;

• Assurance of better power supply;

7.3 EXPLANATION OF IMPACT ASSESSMENT

7.3.1 DETAILED DESIGN AND PRE-CONSTRUCTION PHASE

The line alignment of the Project and construction are critical in determining the

environmental impacts and route selection and the related impacts have been

discussed in Chapter 3. There are also a number of other matters that will require

detailed designs that consultant engineers will prepare and it is assumed that the

detailed designs will avoid construction impacts by good design and to minimize

operational environmental pollution impacts as far as practicable. Review of impact

assessment, mitigation and EMP

The EMP will be reviewed during the implementation phase at the detailed design

stage in line with best practice as required by ADB. A check will be made at the

detailed design stage that the alignment has been designed as planned to ensure the

route is as described in the IEE/EIA and the LARP for ADB with the same land

acquisition. If there are changes in project scope or alignment these will be disclosed

to EPA and the IEE/EIA, LARP and EMP will be revised. The revised IEE/EIA, LARP


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and EMP will be resubmitted to ADB, incorporating any recommendations and

requirements from EPA.

7.3.1.1 Social Impacts and Resettlement

The need for social preparation of the APs has been included in the social

assessment. The Land Acquisition and Resettlement Plan (LARP) will be completed

to clarify the entitlements for resettlement and for compulsory purchase of land and

other matters for compensation. The social preparation will be completed prior to

commencement of construction. All acquisition of lands and monetary compensation

will be completed to minimize the uncertainty of people. All the

payments/entitlements will be paid according to the principles established in the

entitlement matrix prepared as an integral part of the LARP the details of which may

be amended if there are changes in alignment.

7.3.1.2 Project disclosure

The preliminary design will be disclosed to the EPA and public consultations will be

conducted based on the preliminary alignment designs acquired. Environmentally

Responsible Procurement (ERP)

i) Aim to provide some enhancements in line with ADB policy on environmentally

responsible procurement and avoid negative impacts due to unnecessary

removing of trees.

7.3.1.3 Planning for Erosion Control

The designs will provide for redistributing sheet flows from surfaces to reduce erosion

and other impacts. Designs will also include adequate major and minor lead off

drainage facilities to the nearest water courses, as necessary. In order to minimize

and manage hydrologic flow at bridges and culverts during construction a Drainage

Plan will also be prepared by the contractor to control construction runoff and prepare

to prevent flooding.


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7.3.1.4 Planning Construction camps

Public consultation has also identified significant concerns about uncontrolled worker

camp operations and stockpiling of construction materials. The sites selected for

worker camps and back up areas for stockpiling materials and equipment will be

planned in advance in consultation with the local community and located to avoid the

most productive agriculture and will use waste/barren land and non-agricultural plots

as far as possible. Construction camps however will be on govt. owned land.

7.3.1.5 Temporary Traffic Management

There are also concerns about blocking existing roads and many other footpaths and

tracks near the project site during construction. Therefore a provisional Temporary

Pedestrian and Traffic Management plan will be prepared by the contractor that can

be updated by the contractors and agreed with ESIC cell one month prior to start of

works.

7.3.1.6 Institutional strengthening and capacity building

The ESIC cell currently has few staff and there will be a need for more human

resources as discussed in the Chapter 5. A substantial amount of training will be

undertaken in order to ensure that the Cell officials are trained to understand how to

apply the EMP.

7.3.1.7 Preparing the Contractor(s) to Address Mitigation Measures

The contractor will be primed by including the EMP and environmental assessments

in the bidding and contract documentation. The contractor(s) will be informed that

they will be required to produce method statements and plans in advance as required

in the EMP for, Temporary Pedestrian and Traffic Management Plan, Drainage Plan,

Erosion Control Plan, Waste Management Plan and Noise and Dust Control Plan,

and a schedule of costs for implementation of mitigation measures.


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Table - 7.1: Check list of potential impacts for Construction and Operational Phases

Impact Categorization

Mild Moderate Severe Environmental Aspects (Construction Phase)

* ** *** * ** *** * ** *** 1. Land Resources

1.1 Site for disposal of waste generation anddisposal of waste material

1.2 Location of labor camps, material camps,equipment yards and approach roads

1.3 Access tracks

1.4 Land contamination due to spill oflubricates, fuel, chemicals and otherwaste materials.

1.5 Contamination from diesel and otherspills from construction machinery

1.6 Drainages paths roads crossed.Damages by moving machinery

1.7 Installation of batching plants

1.8 Waste disposal Management

1.9 Agriculture land and crop Damage

1.10 Any discharge or diversion of water to agraveyard or archaeological site

1.11 Electrical and mechanical works

2. Hydrology and Water Resources

2.1 Impact on source of construction water

2.2 Contamination of surface water due todiesel and other fluids spilling over frommachinery.

2.3 Protection of construction work from floods

3. Air Quality and Noise Pollution

3.1 Dust and smoke and other pollutants


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* ** *** * ** *** * ** *** from plants and equipments.

3.2 Dust or other pollutant from storedmaterials and spoil heaps

3.3 Smoke from burning of waste materials or burning fire wood

3.4 Noise control from use of old or outdatedmachinery

4. Biological Resource

4.1 Damage to biological resource flora,fauna, biota

4.2 Impact of construction on aquatic life

5. Socioeconomic and Cultural Issues

5.1 Existing services; education health,electricity, and water supply

5.2 Tribal tensions and local rivalries oncanals and aquatic life

5.3 Land ownership and land acquisition

5.4 Access to other construction materials

5.5 Effects on sites of archeological,historical, cultural or religioussignificance

5.6 Public safety at construction sites

5.7 Health and safety of labor andemployees on construction site

5.8 Employment

5.9 HIV/AIDS and other communicablediseases.

5.10 Aesthetic / scenic value

Key: * Avoidable through design (Preventive) ** Mitigation through contractor’s obligation or through SFA


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* ** *** * ** *** * ** *** *** Non-reversible permanent change.

7.3.2 CONSTRUCTION PHASE The source of the construction impacts will mainly be from removal of structures and vegetation, construction of access, minor earthworks to construct the towers and bases courses, re provisioning and repairing nearby pedestrian tracks. Table 7.1 above provides a schematic presentation of the degree, significance and mitigability of various environmental and social factors at construction and operational phases. This section provides a brief explanation of each factor, also suggesting a line of action towards mitigation measures for the adverse impacts.

o Orientation for Contractor

Prior to the commencement of construction the contractor, all subcontractors and all

his workers will need to be trained on the requirements for environmental

management. In order to ensure that the contractor, subcontractors and workers

understand and have the capacity to implement the environmental requirements and

mitigation measures there will be regular and frequent training sessions and tool-box

talks.

o Advance planning of environmental mitigation measures

The contractor will be required to produce method statements and plans in advance

of commencement of construction as required in the EMP for:

i) Drainage Management plan

ii) Temporary Pedestrian and Traffic Management plan.

iii) Erosion Control and Temporary Drainage Plan

iv) Waste Management plan

v) Material Management Plan

vi) Noise and Dust Control Plan

vii) Safety Plan


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All the above plans will be submitted one month in advance of any construction

activities to ESIC cell to check and agree and verify requirements from EPA have

been complied with.

7.3.2.1 Land Resources

• Waste management and spoil disposal There may be some surplus rock and soil based materials. The waste management plan (WMP) will be required to ensure waste from construction is managed properly and to reduce, reuse and recycle waste wherever possible. The contractor will prepare the WMP one month before the commencement of construction with disposal sites identified for agreement by project supervision consultants (ESIC/NTDC). The WMP will cover all aspects of construction waste disposal. It is preferred that government land is used for dumping of material. If private land is to be used for the purpose of dumping it shall commence only after written permission from the land owner is checked by the ESIC in NTDC Mitigation

The mitigation measures in the waste management plan (WMP) will include but

not necessarily be limited to:

(i) Spoil will not be disposed of in rivers and streams or other natural

drainage path.

(ii) Spoil will not be disposed of on fragile slopes, flood ways, wetland,

farmland, forest, religious or other culturally sensitive areas or areas

where a livelihood is derived.

(iii) Use surplus spoil for local repair works to fill eroded gullies and

depression areas and degraded land in consultation with local

community.

(iv) Dispose of spoil will be to disused quarries and abandoned borrow

pits.

Disposed spoil will be spread in 15cm and compacted to optimum moisture

content, covered with topsoil, landscaped and provided with drainage and

vegetation to prevent erosion following NTDC/GESU guidelines1.

1 Guide to Slope Protection Works–. NTDC GOP 2007.


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• Soil erosion and surface runoff

In the construction stages there is the potential for the works to have impact on local

water resources. The works are not close to any major streams and rivers at any

places and there are no crossings of significant tributaries. There are no potentially

major impacts from all the works near the rivers and streams, only one storm water

drain flows adjacent to the boundary wall of a proposed site. The drainage designs

for the Project should be cleared with the local drainage and irrigation authorities

before works commence.

Mitigation

Combinations of alternative methods should be considered including but not

necessarily limited to:

i) schedule work so clearing and grading are done during the time of minimum

rainfall.

ii) clear only areas essential for construction.

iii) locate potential area pollutant sources away from steep slopes, water bodies,

and other critical areas.

iv) route construction traffic to avoid existing works or newly planted vegetation.

v) protect natural vegetation with fencing, tree armoring, and retaining walls or

tree wells.

vi) stockpile topsoil and reapply to re-vegetate the site.

vii) cover and stabilize topsoil stockpiles.

viii) use wind erosion controls.

ix) intercept runoff above disturbed slopes. Convey to permanent channel or storm

drain.

x) on long or steep, disturbed, or man-made slopes, construct benches, terraces,

or ditches at regular intervals to intercept runoff.

xi) use retaining walls.

xii) use check dams.

xiii) Install bioengineering in line with NTDC manuals and seed and fertilize.

xiv) use seeding and mulch/mats.

xv) use turfing.

xvi) use wildflower cover.


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Stockpiles should be covered before heavy rain to prevent wash out due to runoff.

Stockpiles should not be located within 20m of water courses and there should be an

intervening vegetated buffer to control any un-expected run-off. As a long-term

benefit of the project, the drainage infrastructure may be able to be modified as water

harvesting structures to collect water for irrigation and other uses and such options

should be discussed and investigated at the detailed design stage.

• Worker camps, maintenance yards and canteens operation

Uncontrolled worker camp operations can cause significant impacts. The sites for

worker camps will be planned in advance in consultation with the local community.

In consultation the public have expressed concerns about nuisances from

construction camps. The main issues of concern are uncontrolled defecation by

construction workers, unmanaged disposal of solid and liquid wastes into

watercourses, natural drains and improper disposal of storm water and black water in

the village areas. The contractors will therefore adopt good management practices to

ensure that fuels and chemicals, raw sewage, wastewater effluent, and construction

debris/scarified material is disposed of under controlled conditions to reduce the risk

of contamination.

Mitigation

Prior to the close out of the Project construction in area the worker camps will be

removed and restored to the original condition as far as is reasonably practicable to

the satisfaction of the and the local authority.

Before construction commences arrangements will be reconfirmed by the

construction contractors and notified to ESIC Cell / NTDC for approval as follows.

i) Confirm location of work camps in consultation with ESIC and local authorities

with location subject to approval by the ESIC. If possible, camps shall not be

located near settlements or near drinking water supply intakes.

ii) Cutting of trees shall be avoided and removal of vegetation shall be

minimized.

iii) Water and sanitary facilities shall be provided for workers and employees.

iv) Construction camps will be established in areas with adequate natural

drainage channels in order to facilitate flow of the treated effluents.


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v) Portable lavatories or at least pit latrines will be installed and open defecation

shall be discouraged and prevented by keeping lavatory facilities clean at all

times.

vi) Wastewater effluent from contractors’ workshops and equipment washing-

yards will be passed through gravel/sand beds to remove oil/grease

contaminants before discharging it into natural streams. Oil and grease

residues shall be stored in drums awaiting disposal in line with the agreed

Waste Management Plan.

vii) Predictable wastewater effluent discharges from construction works shall

have the necessary permits from EPA before the works commence.

viii) Solid waste and sewage shall be managed according to the national and local

regulations. As a rule, solid waste must not be dumped, buried or burned at or

near the project site, but shall be disposed of to the nearest site approved by

the local authority.

ix) The Contractor shall organize and maintain a waste separation, collection and

transport system.

x) The Contractor shall document that all liquid and solid hazardous and non-

hazardous waste are separated, collected and disposed of according to the

given requirements and regulations.

xi) At the conclusion of the project, all debris and waste shall be removed. All

temporary structures, including office buildings, shelters and toilets shall be

removed by the contractor and exposed areas shall be planted with suitable

vegetation, to the satisfaction of the and the local authority

xii) The ESIC Cell shall inspect and report that the camp has been vacated and

restored to pre-project conditions as far as is reasonably practicable.

• Soil contamination

Possible contamination of soil may occur from oils and chemicals at workshop areas,

and equipment washing-yards. The contamination may limit the future use of land for

agricultural purposes.

Mitigation

The following practices will be adopted to minimize the risk of soil contamination:


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i) The contractors will be required to instruct and train their workforce in the

storage and handling of materials and chemicals that can potentially cause

soil contamination.

ii) If waste oils or other contaminants are accidentally spilled on open ground the

waste including the top 2cm of any contaminated soil shall be disposed of as

chemical waste to a disposal site acceptable to the NTDC and agreed with

the local authority / community. Debris generated by the dismantling of

existing structures will be recycled subject to the suitability of the material in

line with the MMP.

Solid waste generated during construction and at worker campsites will be properly

treated and safely disposed of only in demarcated waste disposal sites identified and

agreed with the local community.

Control measures for oily residues, lubricants and refueling are prescribed in the

EMP. The maintenance yards that will be created will have dedicated drainage which

can capture run-off. Oily residues and fuel should be captured at source and

refueling and maintenance should take place in dedicated areas away from surface

water resources. With these measures in place no significant impacts should be arise

in construction.

• Contamination from Diesel and other oil spills from Construction machinery At places it may be inevitable and may exceed the maximum permissible limit. In case it is allowed to be as rule rather than an exception, the dumping site will be permanently damaged along with allied physical biological and social losses. This is mitigable through effective application of the maximum spill regulations. “Guide Lines for Oil Spill Waste Minimization and Management issued by International Petroleum Industry Environmental Conservation Associate are as follows:- − Soil contaminated by minor spills/leakages (defined as leaks from vehicles,

machinery, equipment or storage containers such that the area and depth of soil contaminated is less than 10 sq ft and 3 inches respectively) is to scraped and burnt in a burn pit.

− Moderate spills defined as spills of volume less than or equal to 200 liters is to

be contained and controlled using shovels, sands and native soil. These


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equipments and materials are to be made available at camp sites during the operation. The contaminated soil is to be excavated and stored in a burn area lined with an impermeable base. Depending on the volume, the contaminated soil is either disposed-off through by specialized treatment such as bioremediation or through approved contractor.

− Major spills (defined as spills of volume much greater than 200 liters) require

initiation of Emergency Response Procedures and Oil Spill Contingency Plan. These spills are to be handled and controlled according to the Plan and require special treatment such as bioremediation and through approved contractors.

Mitigation Contractor’s contractual obligation to impose strict rules on his workers and labour and ensures that no spill are caused. If it the spills, do take place, it must be followed by he treatment prescribed above as per the degree of spill.

• Damage to, roads, cross drainages by machinery Such a situation can arise through carelessness of the heavy machinery drivers/operators. Such carelessness can cause considerable damage to paths, roads and drainages if the drivers/operators are not made aware, trained and bound to be careful. An effective sinology can reinforce the instructions to drivers. It is a concern of moderate significance but is mitigable through care and regulation.

Mitigation Contractor’s contractual obligations to impose strict control over operators and drivers of all types of vehicles. If the damage take place, the contractor must be bound to carry out repair immediately.

• Discharge from unstable slope or leakage on construction Such an impact can destroy the structure leading to unprecedented damage. Though significant, it can be set aside through a careful planning of the work. If such a situation does appear, it becomes highly significant though a mitigable impact.


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Mitigation Contractor’s contractual obligation is not to let such leakage develop. Should such leakage develop, the contractor must remain fully prepared to immediately control the discharge. • Soil Compaction due to labour camps, and machinery yards The human and mechanical activity normally compact the soil and turns it nonproductive.

Mitigation Contractor’s contractual obligation to mitigate the impact of compaction and leave the site almost in the same state in which it is occupied. Pictures of the area should be taken before handing it over to contactor which will help the RE to ensure an acceptable state of soil while getting the area back from the contractor.

7.3.2.2 Hydrology and Water Resources

• Hydrological, drainage and irrigation impacts

The Project will be designed not to interfere with the drainage on adjacent lands and

paths and to prevent soil erosion and retain the existing irrigation system in the

operational phase. However in the construction stages there is the potential for the

works to have impact on local water resources. There is a strom water drain and

drainage channel that cross or are affected by the project. The plans to avoid and

retain such drainage and irrigation works shall be included in the Drainage

Management Plan and the contractors will include plans for any necessary temporary

drains to cater for worst case flow. The designs will also provide for protection of the

works that are in progress and for redistributing flash flows from prepared surfaces

during heavy rain to reduce erosion and other impacts. The contractor(s) will be

required to have a drainage engineer / erosion control officer to check

implementation of the temporary drainage mitigation on site and make modifications

on a daily basis as necessary.


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Mitigation

To protect the drainage and irrigation system on surrounding land that may be

affected by construction activities and contractors will incorporate the following

design features to minimize alterations in the surface drainage near the project:

i) Contractors will review the irrigation systems and irrigation structures potentially

affected by construction of the Project. If the irrigation cannot be maintained they

will provide and maintain alternative temporary irrigation structures for the

construction phase. At the completion of construction the contractor(s) will re

provision the irrigation structures disturbed by construction and agree with ESIC

cell if redesign is required or if new structures will be constructed or if the original

irrigation structures will be repaired.

Re provisioned irrigation channels will capable to supply all the fields previously

supplied with at least the volume of water supplied before the construction.

• Water Resources Impacts

It is assumed that ample water will be available and local water resources could be

used as sufficient yield is generally available. However the drainage system and

water resources on surrounding land will be affected by construction activities as

follows: a) local water supplies will need to be tapped to meet campsite and

construction requirements, so bringing project based water use into competition with

local use; b) surface and subsurface water resources in the selected sections could

be contaminated by fuel and chemical spills, or by solid waste and effluents

generated by the kitchens and toilets at construction campsites; c) natural streams

and irrigation channels may become silted by borrow material (earth) in the runoff

from the construction area, workshops and equipment washing-yards.

Mitigation

Measures to mitigate the adverse impact on water resources and surface drainage

patterns have been incorporated into the other drainage mitigation measures. The

contractors will also carry out the following measures to mitigate the impact of

tapping local community water resources, where required:


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i) Availability of water will be assessed to evaluate the impact on community

resources. Project water will be obtained without depleting local village

supplies.

ii) Camps will be located at least 100m away from the nearest local settlement

to prevent the contamination of community-owned water resources.

iii) The contractors will be required to maintain close liaison with local

communities to ensure that any potential conflicts related to common

resource utilization for project purposes are resolved quickly.

iv) Guidelines will be established to minimize the wastage of water during

construction operations and at campsites.

7.3.2.3 Air Quality and Noise Pollution

• Dust and smoke and other pollutants from construction machinery This impact is inevitable, moderately significant but mitigable. Mitigation Contractor’s contractual obligation to keep the dust and smoke low by using machinery which is well maintenance and is almost noiseless. And all Kacha roads and paths are sprinkled with water many times a day.

• Dust control

The location of the residences, temples, schools, hospitals and civic cultural and

other heritage sites has been reviewed above. Some of the residences in the

settlements are close enough to be disturbed by dust. Water is available in the study

area although surplus water may not always be available to suppress dust in the dry

season. Therefore as a general approach it is recommended that if works are within

15m of any sensitive receivers, the contractor should install segregation between the

works at the edge and the sensitive receivers. The segregation should be easily

erectable 2.5m high tarpaulin sheet and designed to retain dust and provide a

temporary visual barrier to the works. Where dust is the major consideration the

barrier can take the form of tarpaulins strung between two poles mounted on a

concrete base. These can be moved along as the work proceeds.


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Noise and dust were recognized by the local population as concerns but were

considered to be acceptable nuisances and that there were benefits from future

improved travel conditions. However in the dry season, when most of the

construction will be carried out noise and dust will be significant concerns for the

general public in consultation. Therefore in line with good practice mitigation

measures are proposed to control all dusty materials at source. Also works will not

take place at night.

Mitigations

i) If the working surfaces become dry and dusty, water will be sprinkled on the

and exposed surfaces when work is carried out within 50m of the side SRs.

ii) If works give rise to complaints over dust, the contractor shall investigate the

cause and review and propose alternative mitigation measures before works

recommence.

iii) All heavy equipment and machinery will be fitted in full compliance with the

national and local regulations.

iv) Fuel-efficient and well-maintained haulage trucks will be employed to minimize

exhaust emissions. Smoke belching vehicles and equipment will not be allowed

and will be removed from the project.

v) Vehicles transporting soil, sand and other construction materials will be

covered with tarpaulin sheets to avoid impact from dust. Speeds limits will be

established for vehicles within the works sites and on unpaved edge areas of

the project

• Smoke from burning of waste material or burning firewood

A large number of big and small fires in the labour camp can produce smoke and smog which can cut off visibility, and cause suffocation along with causing diseases of the respiratory tract. Mitigation Contractor’s contractual obligation to use clean and smoke free fuel in the labour camp. Cutting and burning trees/shrubs for fuel shall be prohibited. Instead Gas Cylinders should be used in the labour camp for cooking purposes.


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• Noise

Powered mechanical equipment such as generators, excavators, piling rigs,

stabilizers and concrete-mixing plant can generate significant noise and vibration.

Whereas various modern machines are acoustically designed to generate low noise

levels there is not much evidence that acoustically insulated plant is available in

Pakistan. The cumulative effects from several machines can be significant and may

cause significant nuisances.

Mitigations

To minimize impacts the contractors should be required by the Cell to (i) maintain

and service all equipment to minimize noise levels, and (ii) locate equipment to

minimize nuisances and (iv) install acoustic insulation or use portable noise barriers

where practicable to limit noise at sensitive receivers. Insulation should be provided

to minimize noise impacts such that the measured noise at the edge of the works

nearest residential areas will be less than 50 dB(A) Leq during night time (9 p.m. to 6

a.m.) and 75 dB(A) Leq at other times during the day.

There are a few schools near the project. The occasional commercial premises and

some residences are also set back from the likely working areas. Where schools are

nearby, the contractor shall discuss with the ESIC cell and the school principals the

agreed time for operating these machines and completely avoid machine use near

schools during examination times. Where noise is a major consideration (say outside

temples) construction should be avoided at sensitive times. As a fall back option to

control noise, portable barriers can be introduced creased using heavy thick ply-

board or corrugated metal sheet. In addition to the physical effect of mitigating dust

and noise the installation of such measures should be discussed with the local

population and serve as a means for further public consultation during

implementation and assist in public relations.

7.3.2.4 Biological Resources

• Damage to biological resources Flora, Fauna (Biota) No major change is expected in the habitat of the natural flora or fauna. However compensation would be provided for trees, woody & fruit trees and crops.


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Mitigation Contractor’s obligation not to cause any additional destruction to Flora and Fauna of the area by respecting the limits of construction site and not to enter other territories. No unauthorized tree or bush cutting should be allowed. Should it be necessary, it should not be done without an express permission of the RE. If the number of trees is above a limit fixed by RE, professional advice should be obtained from local Forest officer.

• Damage to Fisheries The Proposed project will not result in any damage to fish population.

• Impact on migratory birds The project site does not fall on the recognized route of globally recognized migratory water fowl or ducks. However a number of migratory birds do pass this way and stay for wintering in the river side. Since the water: land ratio is not going to change, there shall be no or slight influence of the new foundation on the temporary habitat of the migratory water birds.

Mitigation Contractor’s contractual responsibility to facilities a regular inspection by the Wildlife Department to ensure that the process of construction does not cause any hindrance to the migratory birds.

7.3.2.5 Socioeconomic, Cultural and Archaeological Issues

The socioeconomic cultural and archaeological impacts can be:-

I. Disturbance to existing services: education, health, electricity, water supply or signboards.

II. Aggravation of any disputes on land ownership. III. Aggravation of any tribal tensions and local rivalries on disputes on canal

water on aquatic life. IV. Any need for land acquisition. V. Access to other construction materials.

VI. Adverse effects on known archaeological sites. VII. Dealing with graveyards or burials.

VIII. Problems to Health and Safety of labour and employees on construction work and provision of safety equipment to workers on site.


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IX. Employment of locals on the project. X. Possibility of spread of HIV/AIDS amongst the project labour and adjoining

population. XI. Rise in prices of essential commodities.

XII. Gender Issues. XIII. Any spots of religious significance e.g. Mosques, Tombs and Shrines etc.

Mitigation

1. For matters pertaining to social obligation and benefits of the communities, a social Framework Agreement shall be signed by the RE with communities to ensure their participation and full satisfaction in matters pertaining to them. SFA shall be singed when RE is in position and the construction work is about to start.

2. All matters where contractor is involved, these should be made as his contractual obligations.

7.3.2.6 HEALTH & SAFETY

• Safety of the workforce

In order to maintain proper sanitation around construction sites, temporary toilets will

need to be provided. Construction worker camps will not be located in settlement

areas or near sensitive water resources.

The comfort and health of the workforce and surrounding local residents may be

affected to some extent from emissions of dust, noise and construction litter. The

chances of serious injury or accident during the construction activities are moderate

and can be mitigated by safety training and monitoring. Insufficient toilet provisions

may give encouragement to defecation in the open and may increase transfer of

water or air borne diseases. Local labor will be used wherever possible and where

worker camps are needed they will include proper sanitation facilities (at lease pit

latrines and showering facilities).

Existing health services in the localities near the project such as health posts and

clinics have limited resources and may lack sufficient medicines and health

personnel to accommodate any additional patients from the construction workforce.


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Therefore in the construction stages the contractor shall provide first aid facilities for

the workers on the and at the worker camps with at least one qualified first-aider.

Enhancements or changes in scope

Opportunities for enhancements (or changes in scope) can be assessed prior to

construction and proposed enhancements will be discussed with the local population

to identify stewardship of any planting and also to serve as a vehicle for further public

consultation at the implementation stage and to assist in public relations.

Where rock based materials, gravels and sands are extracted it is a requirement to

rehabilitate the re-vegetation of these areas with indigenous species and this has

been a concern of local people in the public consultation. Following the completion of

the landscaping will take place and overall the appearance will be improved.

7.3.3 Operational and Management Phase At operational phase the Project Manager shall develop a comprehensive operational and Management Manual and an effective monitoring plan. Mistakes at operational level or handling of operations by untrained staff can prove very risky and costly. Important points to be attended at operational stage are as follows: - • Comprehensive O&M Rules as per ISO standards

• Strict application of prescribed M&E plan

• Continuous evaluation of design efficiencies

• Understanding and training of Operational and Maintenance Manual

• Annual Environmental Audit.

• Regular maintenance of engineering works (mechanical as well as civil).

• Staff Welfare

• Continued Public consultation and feed back on that

• Continued attention towards Gender issues and women consultation

• Refresher Training Courses for operational staff

The project site seeks to provide a buffer distance from the corridor, keeping vehicles

away from sensitive receivers in the operational phase as far as possible. It is difficult

with a project of this magnitude to achieve an alignment that make sure all

residences or commercial premises or schools will far enough away from the project

not to be affected in any way by traffic emissions Therefore air quality will be


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monitored in the operational phase to provide reassurance of the sustainability of the

sub project. NTDC/GoP will also prevent encroachment and enforce the exclusion

zone and preserve the buffer distances to residences within the sub station.

Protection of water resources must also be monitored in the operational phase to

reassure the public that the project does not make any long term impact on the water

quality.

The success of compensatory planting must also be monitored in the operational

phase to reassure relevant authorities that the project impacts have been

successfully mitigated and that the long term impacts on forests are acceptable.

• Success of compensatory planting

To ensure the success of enhancement planting and survival of the planted trees it is

recommended that an audit of the enhancements and other trees and shrubs under

the Project be undertaken by the ESIC after the initial cutting and planting has been

commenced to review conditions and maintain the planted trees

• Encroachment and community awareness

The proposed project will not displace any families located near the project site.

Resettlement and compensation will be dealt with before construction starts. During

the design phase and subsequently in the course of construction and operation

awareness campaigning with the local public will be included in the project and the

ESIC Cell will try to foster public stewardship of the Project to prevent the

encroachment. Any areas where local encroachment into or immediately adjacent to

the project area has taken place will be identified and reported to the ESIC Cell.

Based on the proposed alignments these should not be difficult tasks and this can be

conducted as to minimize adverse impacts and maximize benefits.

The SIA study and LARP will be completed in tandem with this IEE/EIA for the whole

of the project.

7.3.4 Socio-economic Impacts on the overall Project Area

In ultimate analysis the impacts of project on social and economic activities in the Project area will be mostly positive. Salient economic benefits of the project are: -


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• Increased economic activity with improved power supply

• With improved economy, there shall be further improvement in service area and opportunities for employment shall improve.

• Employment during construction phase shall employ and train a large number of unemployed youth. They will receive a life time benefit through skill training, capacity building and poverty alleviation. A large number of semi and unskilled workers in the project area will be hired.

• Greater awareness about Health care including HIV/AIDS amongst the labour and the close by community shall be created.

• At micro-level the hustle and bustle of economic activities may bring the cost of living down by making essential commodities available at cheaper rates. This combined with higher incidence of employment will bring the poverty line and crime rate much lower.

However salient adverse impacts shall be: - There is no such irreversible adverse environmental impact of the project but the construction-related impacts such as air pollution, noise and use of community resources can be well mitigated through the proper implementation of the mitigation measures, which have been identified in this report.


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8.0 ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN (EMP) 8.1 INTRODUCTION This document provides an overall approach for managing and monitoring environment and social related issues and describes the institutional framework and resource allocations proposed by NTDC to implement the Environmental Management Plan (EMP) for the 220 kV GSS Mansehra. During the IEE/EIA process mitigation measures have been identified to minimize the adverse environmental impacts of the project and keep it within acceptable limits. The Environmental Management Plan (EMP) has been developed to effectively implement the monitoring and mitigation measures identified in the EIA. ADB places strong emphasis on the preparation of EMPs during project processing and on setting out conditions and targets to be met during project implementation. The EMP has been prepared in conformity with Asian Development Bank’s SPS 2009. 8.1.1 Objective of Environmental Management Plan An Environmental Management Plan provides a mechanism to address the adverse environmental impact of a project during its construction, to accelerate project benefits, and to introduce standards of good practice to be adopted for all project works. The objectives of the EMP are to:

• Define the responsibilities of the project proponents, contractors, construction, supervision consultants and environmental monitors;

• Facilitate the implementation of the mitigation measures identified in the EIA;

• Define a monitoring mechanism and identify monitoring parameters;

• Provide a procedure for timely action in the face of unanticipated environmental situation; and

• Identify training, requirements at various levels.


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8.1.2 Regulatory Requirements and Applicable Standards 8.1.2.1 National Regulatory Requirements General This section provides an overview of the policy framework and national legislation that applies to the proposed Project. The Project is expected to comply with all national legislations besides Asian Development Bank’s SafeGuard Policy Statement (2009). The IEE has been conducted in pursuance to all relevant Policies, laws and guidelines. These include primarily Pakistan Environmental Protection Act 1997. Pakistan IEE and EIA review regulations (2000), Safe Guard Policy Statement 2009. Synopses of relevant laws and guidelines are provided in this section. The key regulatory requirements, in the context of environmental protection, applicable to the project under Pakistan legislation are listed in Table-8.1

Table-8.1: Applicable Regulatory Requirements (Environmental)

Instrument Requirement Action Environmental Protection Act of Pakistan, 1997

Makes it mandatory for the project proponents to carry out an environmental impact assessment and incorporate environmental and social mitigation actions as part of the project planning.

An EIA meets the regulatory requirements was prepared by the consultants and submitted to the Pakistan Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) in January 2011.

Makes it illegal to discharge any effluent or emission in violation of the National Environmental Quality Standards (NEQS).

The design specifications of the project ensure that the relevant components will meet this requirement.

Land Acquisition Act, 1984

Makes it mandatory that any land acquisition by the government should follow the process laid out in the act for fairness and

The process of land acquisition and compensation will be governed by the Land Acquisition Act 1894 between the government and the private land owner.


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transparency. The resettlement Action Plan will be prepared and implemented well before the start of the construction work. The preparation of the RAP is under process.

Sindh Wildlife Protection, Ordinances Sindh, 1972

Makes it illegal to undertake any project activity inside a protected area (national part, wildlife sanctuary, or game reserve).

There is no protected area near the proposed site.

Antiquities Act, 1975 Makes it illegal to undertake any construction work within 200 ft. (60 m) of a building, site or monument protected under the Act.

No project activity has been planned within 60 m of a protected site. Construction of the structures will be limited within the already acquired land of NTDC. During construction, the Contractors will ensure that the prescribed distance is maintained from the sites in the proximity of the construction site. Not disturbed.

Requires that the Department of Archaeology and Museum, Government of Pakistan should be informed if any archaeological artifact is found during excavation.

The Contractor will be required to stop work if any archaeological artifact is found during construction. The Department of Archaeology and Museum, Government of Pakistan will be contacted for further action.

8.1.2.2 ADB Procedures Requirements on Sector Loan Project In compliance with the ADB Environmental Assessment Guidelines (Manila, 2003), the environmental assessment of sector impacts is required to ensure the cumulative impacts of all the known or unknown subprojects are assessed prior to loan approval. A sector EIA report will be prepared for the Project, which undertakes an assessment of total impact of all subprojects to be financed.


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The second challenge for the environmental assessment and review of sector loans is to provide an efficient mechanism for environmental assessment of each subproject. If an environmental assessment is undertaken at the sector level, it should be possible to streamline the environmental assessment of individual subprojects. ADB's requirements for IEE/EIA of sample subprojects are also important. The specific results of the sample IEE/EIAs are very useful in determining the appropriate level of environmental assessment requires for all subprojects to be financed under the loan. Environmental Assessment Requirements The Environmental Assessment is carried & prepared as per the recommended ADB format. ADB requires the EIA for Category A and IEE for Category B Sensitive projects, once prepared, reviewed, accepted and cleared by the ADB staff, and relevant regulatory agencies, be fully disclosed to the public worldwide as well as to the local communities 120 days prior to the Board of Director meeting for review and approval of the projects. All public concerns, queries, comments and objections received within this period should be appropriately and satisfactorily addressed, responded or resolved prior to the Board meeting for final loan approval. 8.1.2.3. Status of Regulatory Clearances

Prior to implementation of the Project NTDC will comply with several environmental

requirements, such as obtaining EPA clearance (“No Objection Certificate”, compiling

acceptable EMP and Clearance Certificate) under section 12 of PEP Act (Guidelines

and Regulations 2000), securing tree removal and replanting permits from the

provincial departments of Forests and Wildlife (Sindh and Punjab) and other

permissions required from other departments including but not necessarily limited to

Provincial Works and Services Department(s), National Highways Authority, Pakistan

Railways and Irrigation Department(s). NTDC will also need to confirm that

contractors and their suppliers have complied with all statutory requirements and

have appropriate and valid licenses and permits for all powered mechanical

equipment, permissions for use of local water supplies in line with the all

environmental requirements (e.g. and local authority conditions).


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An EIA will be submitted by the NTDC to the Pak-EPA. The Pak- EPA will review environmental and social documentation to determine the scope and locations of the hearing(s). According to the regulatory requirements, The EPA has to hold mandatory public hearings for the project and publish a mandatory 30-day Notice for Public Hearing in the national/local papers prior to providing the environmental clearance. EPA will issue NOC only after the successful public hearing. 8.1.3 Components of the EMP The EMP has the following components.

Organizational structure; roles and responsibilities Mitigation Plan Environmental monitoring plan Communication and documentation Environmental training Capacity development Waste Water Management Waste disposal plan

The above mentioned components will be followed in the construction of 220 kV GS Mansehra. These components, as per requirements will be incorporated into various contract documents and agreements needed for the implementation of the project. The components include brief description of the environmental aspects of the project activities, listing of mitigation measures, reporting on types of non-compliance with respect to EIA or Environmental Management Plan (EMP) and EPA conditions of approval expected during implementation of the project, checklists for identification of non-compliances and format for environmental issues tracking report. 8.2. ORGANIZATIONAL STRUCTURE AND RESPONSIBILITIES This section provides institutional arrangements for environmental management during the proposed activity and defines the roles and responsibility of the various Organizations/departments. 8.2.1 Management Approach The responsibilities of different organizations/departments are summarized below:


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8.2.2 Environmental and social impact Cell (ESIC)

As of January 2007, NTDC has created environmental and social impact Cell (ESIC)

under General Manager GSC. Currently there are two environmental staff members

(one Deputy Manager and one Assistant Manager). At this stage staff members and

the consultants are responsible for addressing environmental concerns for the MFF

potentially involving hundreds of kilometers of power transmission lines and GS in

later tranches. Most of the environmental work is delegated to consultants. Whereas

there is a limited level of awareness, NTDC staff needs more training and resources

if they are effectively provide quality control and supervision for the EMP

implementation. Specific areas for immediate attention are in EMP auditing,

environmentally responsible procurement, air, water and noise pollution management

and ecological impact mitigation. It is recommended that an environmental specialist

consultant with 10 years experience covers this aspect full time for at least the first

six months of the MFF project and that on a call off basis with local support those

services are retained for the life of the MFF loan. Any major change in the project

shall be reported to ADB before its execution.

For this subproject and the whole MFF the environmental staff for the project

implementation team has been appointed prior to the outset of the implementation

design stage to ensure compliance with the statutory obligations under the PEP Act.

It is also mentioned that the NTDC process some in house capability such as and

Environmental and Social Cell (presently ESIC is part of the office of Chief Engineer

EVH 2 , this ,however, has been recently changed and the ESIC is placed in the

project Implementation cell under the Office of General Manager Projects , Annex 3

reflects this change in the organizational structure of NTDC related to project

implementation and the environmental and social monitoring and implementation)

and that as soon as possible potentially suitable staff are nominated to be trained

and man the unit at least on an inaugural basis. Due to the lack of in-house

capability, at this point, environmental specialist consultants the project

implementation unit must address all environmental aspects in the detailed design. It

is recommended that the project management unit (PMU) will have one technical

manager (senior environmental specialist) to address all environmental aspects in

the detailed design and contracting stages. In addition, there will be an environmental

specialist(s) to cover the implementation of environmental mitigation measures in the

project packages. Both shall be members of the supervising consultant’s team.

The environmental specialists will:


8‐7

• work in the PMU with NTDC to ensure all statutory environmental submissions

under PEP Act and other environmentally related legislation are thoroughly

implemented;

• work in the PMU with NTDC to ensure all environmental requirements and

mitigation measures from the environmental assessment of subprojects are

included in the contract prequalification and bidding documents;

• work with NTDC to execute any additional IEE and IEE requirements needed due

to fine tuning of the subprojects and that environmental performance targets are

included in the contracts prior to project commencement;

• work in the PMU with NTDC to ensure all environmental requirements and

mitigation measures from the IEEs and IEEs and environmental performance

criteria are incorporated in the subproject contracts or variations and that the

EMP is effectively implemented;

• work with management consultant, supervising consultant and contractors to

manage and monitor the implementation of the project EMP.

Overall implementation of the EMP will become NTDC’s responsibility. Other parties

to be involved in implementing the EMP are as follows: 8.2.3 Contractor The contractor responsible for execution of construction activities will be responsible for environmental protection through his/her environmental field staff. The contractor is subject to environmental protection liabilities under environmental laws of the country, project EIA/EMP provisions and under their contract with NTDC. The contractor shall also be responsible for communicating environmental & social information and training of staff in all aspects of the EMP.

8.2.4 Government agencies:

Such as provincial environmental agencies, and bureaus, at the local level, will be

responsible for monitoring the compliance with implementation of environmental

conditions related to statutory approvals of subprojects in their areas.

8.2.5 NTDC Board of Directors: responsible to ensure that sufficient timely

resources are allocated to process the environmental assessments and to monitor

implementation of all construction and operational mitigation measures required to

mitigate environmental impacts.


8‐8

Considering that other government agencies that need to be involved in

implementing the EMP, training workshops should be conducted at every six months

or twice each year, for the first 2 years (and annually thereafter) to share the

monitoring report on the implementation of the EMP, to share lessons learned in the

implementation and to decide on remedial actions, if unexpected environmental

impacts occur.

8.2.6 Organizational Structure The organizational structure of the Project Management Unit for the construction of 220 kV GS Mansehra Project is shown below in Fig- 8.1. The organization chart for Environment Management/ Monitoring implementation is shown below in Fig-8.2


8‐9

Fig - 8.1: Organization structure of PMU

Manager Finance (Vacant)

Manager Environment & Social

Safeguard

Deputy Manager

Procurement (Vacant)

GENERAL MANAGER (Projects)

Deputy Manager Finance (Vacant)

Manager Scheduling &

Coordination (Vacant)

Manager Procurement

(Vacant)

Assistant Manager (Monitoring Control

& Coordination)

Deputy Manager

(Environment)

Assistant Manager

Environment (Vacant)

Assistant Manager Social

Safeguards (Vacant)

Deputy Manager

(Monitoring Control &

Coordination)

Deputy Manager IT (Planning & Scheduling)


8‐10

Chief Executive, NTDC

General Manager, Planning (GM Planning)

General Manager, Projects (GM Projects)

General Manager, Grid Station Construction (GM, GSC)

Chief Engineer, EHV-I, Lahore

Chief Engineer, EHV-II, Hyderabad

Project Director, Project

Preparation (PD PPTA)

Project Preparation Consultants (PPTA/BPI)

Project Director

Project Director

Manager, Project Management Unit

(PMU)

Project Management Consultants

Project Implementation

Unit (PIU)

Project Implementation Unit (PIU)

XEN & SDOs XEN & SDOs

Environmental and Social Impacts

Cell (ESIC)

Environmental and Social Monitoring

Consultants

Provincial Boards of Revenue (For Land Acquisition)

Land Acquisition Collector

(LAC)

Land Acquisition Collector

(LAC)


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Fig – 8.2: Organization Chart for Environment Management / monitoring implementation

District LACs, Tehsildars/Patwaris

(For Land Acquisition)

Assistant Land Acquisition

Officer (ALAO)

Assistant Land Acquisition Officer (ALAO)

Tehsildar/Patwari

Affected Households / Communities Tehsildar/Patwari


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8.3. IMPACT ASSESSMENT, MITIGATION AND MANAGEMENT PLAN This section outlines the potential impact of construction works on the physical, biological, and socioeconomic environment of 220 kV GS sub project. It also provides a corresponding mitigation plan that focuses on countering the project’s adverse environmental effects, and assigns responsibility for implementing these measures. 8.3.1 Mitigation Plan The mitigation plan is a key component of EMP. This section outlines the potential impact of construction works on the physical, biological, and socioeconomic environment and their associated mitigation measures as already identified in IEE report of the construction of 220 kV GS Mansehra. In order to facilitate the implementation of the EMP, during the preparation for the construction phase the future contractors will be prepared to co-operate with ESIC and the local population in the mitigation of impacts. Furthermore, the contractor will be primed through the contract documentation and ready to implement all the mitigation measures and engage trained environmental management staff to audit the effectiveness and review mitigation measures as the project proceeds. It also assigns responsibility for implementing these measures. Now the guidelines for the implementation of mitigation plan indicated in IEE of 220 kV GS Mansehra will cover:

• Lists of only those mitigation measures which will be directly covered by the environmentalist and not those mitigation measures which are covered under civil or mechanical work. .

• The person(s) responsible for ensuring the implementation of the measures

• The parameters to be monitored for the effective implementation of measures

• A time scale for the implementation of measures to ensure that the objectives of mitigation plan are fully met

8.3.2 Management Plan

The effective implementation of the EMP will be audited as part of the mid term

review of loan conditions and the executing agency will be prepared for this. Monthly

monitoring reports will be submitted to ADB every six months on the effectiveness of

the EMP implementation

The details of EMP are given in Table 8.2 in the form of a matrix. The impacts have been classified into those relevant to the design/preparation stage, construction stage and operation and maintenance stage. The matrix provides details of the mitigation measures recommended for each of the identified impacts, approximate location of the mitigation sites, time span of the implementation of mitigation measures, an analysis of the associated costs and the responsibility of the institution.


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The responsible parties are specified for the purpose of the implementation and the supervision of the EMP. The matrix is supplemented with a monitoring plan (Table 8.3) for the performance indicators. An estimation of the associated costs for the monitoring is given with the plan including physical mitigation costs as far as these can be estimated at this stage. The EMP has been prepared following the best practices and the ADB SPS 2009. The Environmental management Plan for the activities likely to have a direct impact on the environment is presented in Table – 8.2.


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TABLE – 8.2 ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN

ENVIRONMENTAL CONCERN

OBJECTIVES MITIGATION MEASURES RECOMMENDED TIMING TO IMPLEMENT MM

LOCATIONS TO IMPLEMENT MM

RESP. IMPMM

RESP MON MM

DESIGN and - PRECONSTRUCTIN STAGE

1. Social Impacts and Resettlement

To ensure that the adverse impacts due to the property acquisition and resettlement are mitigated according to the LARP.

To be completed prior to commencement of construction 1. Social preparation of the APs to be completed prior to commencement of construction. 2. Acquisition of lands completed to minimize the uncertainty of people. 3. Completed implementation of LARP to provide compensation and assistance to the APs. 4. All the payments/entitlements are paid according to the entitlement matrix, which was prepared according to the LARP. 5. All the impacts identified by the EIA were incorporated in to the LARP and relevant entitlements included into the entitlement matrix.

Before the removal of houses and other structures the APs to be given sufficient time with compensation money and assistance to resettle satisfactorily.

Targeted APs and families according to the LAC. The LAC and The Project Staff will prepare an Inventory of Losses (IOL).

NTDC Environmental Specialist

2. Project disclosure

Ensure compliance with statutory requirement of EPA

1. Design all changes in project disclosed to EPA. 2. Ensure all changes in project are included in the EMP. 3. Determine whether changes in project need additional environmental assessment and carry out the environmental assessment , if necessary

Completion of detailed design.

All project alignment.

NTDC ESIC Cell/ Environmental Specialist

3. Environmentally responsible procurement

o Ensure environmentally responsible procurement.

1. Require in procurement specifications that transformers, transformer oil and other equipment are to be free from PCB and other petroleum fractions that may be injurious to environment, human health or equipment.

2. Require new switchgear to be free from

Method statement during contractor selection, prior to contract

ESIC Cell to check contractors Method Statements include resources for mitigation measures during

ESIC Cell. NTDC / Environmental Specialist


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RESP. IMPMM

RESP MON MM

o Look for opportunities to enhance design

o Avoid environmental pollution.

CFCs in procurement specifications. SF6 gas insulated equipment to be effectively leak free with nominal SF6 top up less than 1% per year.

3. Choose non-polluting or enhancing methods. Contractor to submit Method Statement and schedule of environmental mitigation measures in response to EMP with tender. Include enhancements, techniques to reduce impacts.

4. Contractual clauses included to tie the implementation of environmental mitigation measures to a performance bond.

signing. No later than pre-qualification or tender negotiations.

negotiations.

4. Waste disposal

Ensure adequate disposal options for all waste including transformer oil, residually contaminated soils and scrap metal.

1. Create waste management policy and plan to identify sufficient locations for, storage and reuse of transformers and recycling of breaker oils and disposal of transformer oil, residually contaminated soils and scrap metal 2. Safe disposal cost to be included in the contract3. After agreement with local authority, designate disposal sites in the contract and cost unit disposal rates accordingly.

1.Prior to detailed design stage no later than pre-qualification or tender negotiations 2. Include in contract.

Locations approved by local waste disposal authorities.

ESIC Cell with the design consultant.

NTDC

5. Hazardous waste disposal

To ensure safe disposal of hazardous waste in line with best practice.

1. Waste management plan to identify any remaining PCB containing equipment to be replaced and appropriate method for disposal.

During tender preparation. All DISCO substations.

ESIC cell with the Design Consultant

NTDC

6. Noise and air quality mitigation in design.

Plan and design to ensure noise impacts are acceptable in

1. Plan to prevent noise from GSS in the operational phase and conduct consultation with affected communities to determine acceptability criteria for noise.

1. During designing stage no later than pre-

All locations where SRs are within 50m of proposed site

ESIC Cell NTDC / Environmental Specialist


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RESP. IMPMM

RESP MON MM

operational phase.

2. Follow up with detailed acoustic assessment for all residential, school, temple (other sensitive structures) within 50m of GSS. Base on measurement of existing equipment noise. 3. If noise at sensitive receiver exceeds NEQS for noise 2010 [e.g. Leq65db(A)] include design and installation of acoustic insulation measures to control noise at SRs. 4. Consider solid barrier to attenuate noise at schools and hospitals to below accepted criterion. 5. Prepare Air Quality and Noise Control plan for construction stage

qualification or tender negotiations

7. Hydrological Impacts

To minimize hydrological and drainage impacts during constructions.

1. Assess expected hydrologic flow in all areas where it is sensitive, such as for irrigated lands taking into account changes due to climate change as predicted by accredited sources such as OECD. 2. Ensure surface flows are controlled and facilitated through early re-provision of irrigation with appropriate drainage structures in the road base including bridges and culverts. 3. Prepare Drainage Management Plan, to be completed and approved by NTDC in the DDS at least one month prior to construction.

Before the commencement of construction activities/during detailed designing stage.

Considered locations to be as identified in the Detailed Drainage Report.

Contractor NTDC / and ESIC Cell.

8 Temporary drainage and erosion control

1. Prevent runoff and control erosion. 2. Include preliminary designs for Erosion Control in NTDC

1. Identify locations for Erosion Control and Temporary Drainage around GSS. 2. Include designs for EC and TD in contract (s) 3. Agree detailed EC and TD plan with NTDC / ESIC at least one month prior to construction.

1. During first month after contract is signed but before construction. 2. Include in the NTDC

Locations based on drainage where slopes indicate erosion will be a problem based on observation.

Contractor. NTDC / and ESIC Cell.


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RESP. IMPMM

RESP MON MM

contract. contract.

9. Planning construction camps and materials management

To plan to minimize the effect of the work camps on the surrounding environment and residents in the area.

1. Plan sites for worker camps and back up areas for stockpiling materials and equipment in advance.

2. Consult local community and locate to use waste/barren land and non-agricultural plots.

3. Agree use of land before construction commences reconfirmed by the Contractor and agreed NTDC / ESIC Cell at least one month prior to construction.

During first month after contract is signed but before construction 2. Include in the NTDC contract.

Locations decided by NTDC / ESIC Cell in consultation with community and the Contractor.

Contractor. NTDC / and ESIC Cell

10.Traffic Condition

Plan to minimize disturbance of traffic

Avoiding blocking existing roads and other access near the works route during construction.

No later than one month after contract award.

Important locations to be identified in EMP. Plans made available to Contractor with tenders.

ESIC Cell. NTDC.

11. Institutional strengthening and capacity building

Prepare ESIC Cell for implementation of EMP.

1. Develop strengthening plan for the environmental management by ESIC Cell as the Project rolls out. 2. Increase staffing of NTDC Cell. 3. Train ESIC Cell officials to apply the EMP and to evaluate the environmental requirements and contractors’ mitigation measures.

As soon as practicable no later than one month before BOT contract award.

Throughout the project

NTDC Environmental Specialist

12. Prepare contractors for implementation of EMP

Full and effective implementation of environmental mitigation measures.

1. Prepare contractors to co-operate with the executing agency, project management, supervising consultants and local population in the mitigation of impacts. Include the approved EIA and the EMP in the contract documentation. 2. Contracts must require full implementation of the EMP 3. Contractor to engage capable and trained

During pre-construction no later than one month after BOT contract award.


ESIC cell. NTDC / and Environmental Specialist


8‐18




RESP. IMPMM

RESP MON MM

environmental management staff to audit the effectiveness and review mitigation measures as project proceeds. 4. The effective implementation of the EMP audited as part of the loan. NTDC to prepare resources to fulfill the requirements of the EMP and EPA guidance on the environmental aspects of road projects

CONSTRUCTION STAGE

1.Orientation for Contractor, and Workers

To ensure that the Contractor, subcontractors and workers understand and have the capacity to ensure that the environmental requirements for mitigation measures are implemented.

1. Conducting special briefing and / or on-site training for the contractors and workers on the environmental requirement of the project. Record attendance and achievement. 2. Conducting special briefing and training for Contractor on the environmental requirement of the project. Record attendance and achievement. 3. Agreement on critical areas to be considered and necessary mitigation measures, among all parties who are involved in project activities. 4. Periodic progress review sessions to be conducted every six months

Induction for all site agents and above before commencement of work. At early stages of construction for all construction employees as far as reasonably practicable.

All staff members in all categories. monthly induction and six month refresher course as necessary until contractors comply / improve

ESIC Cell and Contractor and record details

ESIC Cell to observe and record success


8‐19




RESP. IMPMM

RESP MON MM

2. Plans to control environmental and associated impacts

Avoid impacts from unplanned activities by penalizing contractors for not committing to properly planning works.

1. Drainage management plan, 2. Temporary pedestrian and traffic management plan, 3. Erosion control and temporary drainage plan 4. Materials management plan, 5. Waste management plan; 6. Noise and dust control plan, 7. Safety Plan 8. Agreed schedule of costs for environmental mitigation measures (including maintenance where applicable). {N.B. Forest Clearance and compensatory planting plan is by NTDC}

Deliverable in final form to NTDC one month before construction commences for any given stretch.

NTDC proposed project site. Contractor ESIC Cell.

3. Water quality

To prevent adverse water quality impacts due to negligence and ensure unavoidable impacts are managed effectively.

1. Proper construction of TD and EC measures , maintenance and management including training of operators and other workers to avoid pollution of water bodies by the considerate operation of construction machinery and equipment and reporting and feedback by ESIC cell 2. Storage of lubricants, fuels and other hydrocarbons in self-contained dedicated enclosures >50m away from water bodies. 3. No stockpiles next ling to water bodies. 4. Proper disposal of solid waste from construction activities & worker camps. 5. Borrow sites should not be close to sources of drinking water.

Prior to construction, 50m from water bodies Timing will depend on the construction timetable.

Relevant locations are construction within 50m of water body.

Contractor ESIC Cell


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RESP. IMPMM

RESP MON MM

4. Water Resources

To minimize impacts on local water supply caused by construction activities are minimized.

1. Availability of water will be assessed to evaluate the impact on community resources. 2. Project water will be obtained without depleting local village supplies. 3. Camps will be located at least 100m away from the nearest local settlement. 4. The contractors will be required to maintain close liaison with local communities to ensure that any potential conflicts related to common resource utilization for project purposes are resolved quickly. 5. Guidelines will be established to minimize the wastage of water during construction operations and at campsites.

Prior to construction, at all local water supply resources. Timing will depend on the construction timetable.

Relevant locations are all local water supply resources..

Contractor

NTDC and ESIC Cell

5. Spoil disposal and construction waste disposal

To minimize the environmental impacts arising from generation of spoil waste, reuse where possible and provide adequate disposal options for unsuitable soils.

1. Implement Waste Management Plan. 2. Confirm conditions and safety of proposed disposal sites. 3. Confirm amounts of surplus rock based materials that can be reused in the project or by other interested parties for public projects. 4. Confirm sufficient locations in the contract for disposal of at least 4,000,000m3lspoil (or best updated estimate). 5. In contracts specify locations for disposal of all construction waste and spoil at unit rates for re-measurement. 6. used oil and lubricants shall be recovered and reused or removed from the site in full compliance with the national and local regulations. 7 Waste oil must not be burned. – Oil and solid waste disposal location to be agreed with NTDC and local authority.

1. Before construction commences 2. Include in the contract. 3. UPDATE Once a month

Locations approved by ESIC Cell/ local authority. A list of temporary dumping sites to be prepared at the bidding stage for agreement

Contractor. NTDC and ESIC Cell


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RESP. IMPMM

RESP MON MM

8 Open burning is contrary to good environmental practice and will not be allowed.

6. Noise

To minimize noise level increases and ground vibrations during construction operations.

1. Install, maintain and monitor all requisite mitigation as per contract all transformers and machinery shall be fitted with acoustic insulation 2. Hammer-type pile driving operations shall be avoided during nighttime. Well-maintained haulage trucks will be used with speed controls.

Maximum allowable noise levels are 70dB(A)LEQ.

1. Strong follow up from ESIC Cell required to update locations monthly 2. Potential noise impact locations will be within 100m near all settlements and towns.


7. Air quality

To minimize effectively and avoid complaints due to the airborne particulate matter released to the atmosphere.

1. Control all dusty materials at source. 2. Stockpiled soil and sand shall be slightly wetted before loading, particularly in windy conditions. 3. Fuel-efficient and well-maintained haulage trucks shall be employed to minimize exhaust emissions. 4. Vehicles transporting soil, sand and other construction materials shall be covered. Limitations to speeds of such vehicles necessary. Transport through densely populated area should be avoided. 5. Spray bare ground areas with water.

1. Dust control planning will be a line item in the approval of setting up dust producing activities. 2.A schedule of spraying water to be revised monthly

A list of locations to be included in contract and other sensitive areas identified during works


8. Soil Contamination

Avoid soil contamination

Contractors to instruct and train workforce in the storage and handling of materials and chemicals that can potentially cause soil contamination. Accidentally spills on open ground including the top 2cm of any contaminated soil shall be disposed of as chemical waste to a disposal site acceptable to the local authority / community.

Instruct before works commence and throughout all construction works.

NTDC proposed project site. Contractor NTDC and

ESIC Cell

9. Work Camp To ensure that 1. Confirm location of work camps in consultation UPDATE Once Location Map is Contractor NTDC and


8‐22




RESP. IMPMM

RESP MON MM

Location and Operation

the operation of work camps does not adversely affect the surrounding environment and residents in the area.

with NTDC and local authorities. Location subject to approval by the NTDC. If possible, camps shall not be located near settlements or near drinking water supply intakes. 2. Water and sanitary facilities shall be provided for workers and employees. 3. Solid waste and sewage shall be managed according to the national and local regulations. As a rule, solid waste must not be dumped, buried or burned at or near the project site, but shall be disposed of to the nearest site approved by the local authority. 4. Portable lavatories or at least pit latrines will be installed and open defecation shall be discouraged and prevented by keeping lavatory facilities clean at all times. 5. The Contractor shall document that all liquid and solid hazardous and non-hazardous waste are segregated, collected and disposed off according to the given requirements and regulations. 6. At the conclusion of the project, all debris and waste shall be removed. All temporary structures, including shelters and toilets shall be removed. 7. Exposed areas shall be planted with suitable vegetation. 8. The ESIC Cells hall inspect and report that the camp has been vacated and restored to pre-project conditions as far as is reasonably practicable.

a month prepared by the Contractor in tender/ bid documentation.

ESIC Cell


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RESP. IMPMM

RESP MON MM

10. Safety Precautions for Workers

To ensure physical safety of workers

1. Submit Safety Plan one month before commencement of construction. 2. Providing adequate warning signs. 3. Providing every worker with skull guard or hard hat and safety shoes. 4. Establish all relevant safety measures as required by law and good engineering practices. 5. The Contractor shall instruct his workers in health and safety matters, and require the workers to use the provided safety equipment.

During construction


ESIC Cell

11. Social Impacts

o To engage local workforce and community in the NTDC Project.

o To encourage local support for the project.

o To ensure minimum impacts to people living close to the proposed project site.

1. Use local labour as far as possible for manual work. 2. Use local educated people for clerical and office work where possible. 3. Encourage monitoring of the project by local village groups. 4. Claims/complaints of the people on construction nuisance/damages close to the project site to be considered and responded to promptly by the Contractor and monitored by NTDC. 5. Quarterly meetings with local VDC for liaison purposes to monitor complaints. 6. Set up or maintain local communication lines via landline or satellite phone.

Claims of APs to be solved as soon as possible Necessary evacuations to be done as when necessary

AA list of current construction areas and planned works to be updated by the Contractor monthly and displayed at local village offices. Special attention to locations of irrigation systems, irrigated terraces and lands damaged due to flood or landslide.

Contractor NTDC and ESIC Cell


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RESP. IMPMM

RESP MON MM

12. Enhancements

To make environmental enhancements and improve appearance close to the proposed project site.

1. Include planting of trees in addition to those removed such as under lines in detailed design for visual interest and amenity.

Before close out of construction in all areas

NTDC proposed project site.. Contractor NTDC and

ESIC Cell

13. Aesthetic/ scenic quality.

To ensure that the construction activities do not affect the aesthetic / scenic value of the area

Carry out complete restoration of the construction sites. Remove all waste, debris, unused construction material, and spoil from the worksites.

After close out of construction at and near the proposed project site


ESIC Cell

14. Grievance Redress

To ensure that the stakeholder or affected people’s concerns, complaints and grievances about the project environmental performance will be received recorded and replied in a systematic way

Official in charge of people’s grievance will be designated. A leaflet outlining environmental protection measures and listing grievance contact points will be distributed. Community leaders will be given detailed information on the grievance management process NGOs will be informed in the same manner as the community leaders.

Through out the project

Villages close to NTDC proposed project site. Contractor

NTDC and ESIC Cell Grievance Specialist


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RESP. IMPMM

RESP MON MM

OPERATIONAL STAGE Environmental Concern Objectives Mitigatory measures recommended Proposed timing Proposed

locations Responsibi

lity

1. Air Quality

To minimize and monitor air pollution and release of greenhouse gasses

1. Before installation of equipment ensure supplied equipment commissioning is free from CFCs as required in procurement specifications.

2. SF6 gas insulated equipment to be effectively leak free with nominal SF6 top up less than 1% per year. Monitor top up of SF6 and report annually

During operation Grid Substation

NTDC and ESIC Cell

2. Encroachment and community awareness

To control encroachment.

1. Maintain and monitor NTDC boundary to prevent encroachment. 2. Involve local community in line monitoring 3. Conduct awareness campaigning with the local public to foster public stewardship of the area around the towers to prevent the encroachment. 4. Patrol and monitor the NTDC proposed project site & involve local groups or an NGO in the protection of the new site. 5. Report any areas of encroachment to the ESIC Cell.

During operation ESIC Cell NTDC

3.Crops and vegetation

Monitor impacts from maintaining tree clearance near GS site

Track growth of large trees under the conductors.

Operational phase

ESIC Cell NTDC and ESIC Cell

Note: DDS=Detailed design stage. Based on EIA/IEE reports to be revised at DDS, RAP, SIA and other engineering considerations may change. EIA=environmental impact Assessment. EMP=, environmental management action plan = environmental management plan, EPA= Environmental protection Agency, TD = Temporary drainage. EC = Erosion control. NGO = non government organization. ADB * = ADB checks that processes have been completed and signed off by NTDC before moving to construction stage.


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8.4. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING PLAN This section provides a Monitoring plan that identifies the roles and responsibilities of Project staff involved in environmental and social monitoring, and lists the parameters that will be used in the monitoring process. Table 8.3 presents the Monitoring plan for performance indicator. (Attachment 4) 8.4.1 Objectives The main objectives of the pre-construction and construction phase monitoring plans will be to:

• checking final alignment for design of GS project;

• checking the contractor’s bidding documents, particularly to ensure that all necessary environmental requirements and EMP have been included; and

• checking that the contract documents’ references to environmental mitigation measures requirements have been incorporated as part of contractor’s assignment and tied to payment milestones, and making sure that any advance works (protection of specimen trees and transplantation) are carried out in good time.

• Monitor the actual project impact on physical, biological and socio-economic receptors.

• Recommend mitigation measures for any unexpected impact or where the impact level exceeds that anticipated in the IEE.

• Ensure compliance with legal and community obligations including safety on construction sites.

The main objectives of monitoring during the operation phase will be to:

• Appraise the adequacy of the EIA with respect to the project’s predicted long term impact on the corridor’s physical, biological and socio-economic environment.

• checking for leaks of SF6 at the GS substation and proposing remedial actions to address unexpected impacts.

• Evaluate the effectiveness of the mitigation measures proposed in the EMP, and recommend improvements in the EMP, if necessary.

The potential to use local community groups’ contacts for monitoring should be explored as part of the activities in setting up the Environmental and Social Cell which should have regular meetings with the local authorities and NGOs as a matter of good practice and to discuss matters of mutual concern.


8‐27

Table: 8.3 Monitoring Plan For Performance Indicators

Environmental concern Performance indicator (PI)

Frequency to monitor

Timing to check

PI

Locations to implement PI

Responsible to

implement PI

Cost of

Implementation

Responsible PI super vision

Cost of Supervision

DESIGN and - PRECONSTRUCTION STAGE

1. Review of EMAP EMAP is reviewed

During detailed design (later monthly by Contractor to cover any unidentified impacts)

By completion of detailed design.

NTDC proposed project site.

Contractor Initially NTDC

Cell / later Contractor cost

NTDC, ESIC cell / Environmental Specialist *

ESIC cell staff cost

2. Social Impacts and Resettlement

Inventory of losses, Property acquisition, compensation and resettlement completed to RP requirements.

Completed prior to commencement of construction

Before removal of houses and structures.

APs according to RP & LAFC.

NTDC Cell NTDC Cell staff cost

NTDC / Environmental Specialist *


3. Project disclosure Design changes notified

During detailed design by Contractor.



Contractor Contractor cost

NTDC & ESIC cell / Environmental Specialist *


4. Environmentally Responsible

Contract follows ADB Guidelines on ERP.

Once, before Contract is

Before Contract

Method Statements

NTDC Project Cell.

Contractor cost

NTDC ESIC cell /

NTDC Cell staff cost


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Timing to check

PI


Responsible to

implement PI

Cost of

Implementation


Cost of Supervision

Procurement. (ERP) Performance bond. Deposited Contractual clauses include implementation of environmental mitigation measures tied to a performance bond.

signed. is signed. include resources for mitigation measures.

Environmental Specialist *.

5. Waste disposal

Disposal options for all waste transformer oil, residually contaminated soils, scrap metal agreed with NTDC and local authority.

Monthly or as required in waste management plan to identify sufficient locations for, storage and reuse of transformers and recycling of breaker oils and disposal of transformer oil, residually contaminated soils and scrap metal 2. Include in

1.Prior to detailed design stage no later than pre-qualification or tender negotiations 2. Include in contract.

Locations approved by local waste disposal authorities.

NTDC cell with the design consultant.

ESIC cell ESIC cell NTDC


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Timing to check

PI


Responsible to

implement PI

Cost of

Implementation


Cost of Supervision

contracts for unit rates for re-measurement for disposal. 3. After agreement with local authority, designate disposal sites in the contract and cost unit disposal rates accordingly.

6. Noise and air quality mitigation in design.

Design changes included in IEE/EIA (supplementary) & EMAP approved by MOEST.

During detailed design by Contractor.


As defined in IEE/EIA (supplementary) & EMAP.

NTDC Cell / Contractor Contractor cost

NTDC / /Environment specialist


7. Hydrological Impacts Temporary Drainage Management plan.

During detailed design by Contractor and monthly to cover any unidentified impacts

One month before commencement of construction

Considered locations to be as identified in the Detailed Drainage Report.

Contractor Contractor cost NTDC / and NTDC Project Cell.


8. Temporary drainage Erosion Control and During detailed One Strom water Contractor. Contractor cost NTDC / and NTDC Cell


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Timing to check

PI


Responsible to

implement PI

Cost of

Implementation


Cost of Supervision

and erosion control Temporary Drainage completed.

design updated by Contractor monthly to cover any unidentified impacts.

month before construction commences.

drain/any water body where slopes indicate erosion will be a problem.

NTDC Project Cell.

staff cost

9. Planning construction camps

Use of land agreed with surrounding residents & VILLAGEs.

During detailed design updated by Contractor monthly to cover any unidentified impacts.

One month before construction commences.

Locations agreed NTDC cell in consultation with community and the Contractor.

Contractor NTDC Cell facilitates.

Contractor cost NTDC / and NTDC Project Cell.


10.Traffic Condition Temporary Pedestrian and Traffic Management Plan agreed.

During detailed design updated by Contractor monthly to cover any unidentified impacts.

One month before construction commences.

Locations agreed with NTDC cell in consultation with community and the Contractor.

Contractor Contractor cost NTDC / and NTDC Project Cell.


11. Institutional strengthening and capacity building

1. Strengthening plan agreed for NTDC cell. 2. International environment specialist

1. Once, 2. Once 3. Ongoing 4. Ongoing

1. As soon as practicable


NTDC Project Cell.


NTDC / and / Environmental Specialist.

ADB cost of IES & support for 1 month US$25,000


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Timing to check

PI


Responsible to

implement PI

Cost of

Implementation


Cost of Supervision

(IES) 3. Increase staffing of NTDC Cell. 4. Train NTDC Cell officials.

2, 3, 4. No later than one month before Contract award.

CONSTRUCTION STAGE

1.Orientation for Contractor, and Workers

1. Contractor agreed to provide training to professional staff and workers. 2. Special briefing and training for Contractor completed. 3. Periodic progress review sessions.

1. Once 2. Ongoing 3. Ongoing

1. Before contract is signed 2. Before construction areas are opened up 3. Every six months

All BOT staff members in all categories. monthly induction and six month refresher course

Contractor with IES assistance and record details.

Contractor cost

NTDC and NTDC to observe and record success


2. Plans to control environmental impacts

1. Drainage Management plan 2. Temp. Pedestrian & Traffic Management plan, 3. Erosion Control & Temp. Drainage plan

Deliverable in final form to NTDC cell one month before construction commences for any given

One month before construction commenc

All of NTDC alignment. Contractor Contractor cost NTDC

Project Cell. NTDC Cell staff cost


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Timing to check

PI


Responsible to

implement PI

Cost of

Implementation


Cost of Supervision

4. Materials Management plan, 5. Waste Management plan; 6. Noise and Dust Control plan, 7. Safety Plan 8. Agreed schedule of costs for environmental mitigation.{N.B. Forest Clearance and Compensatory Planting plan is prepared by NTDC cell}

stretch. es.

3. Water quality

Meaningful water quality monitoring during construction within 100m of water body located near proposed project site. Rapid reporting and feedback by NTDC.

Once (line item when opening up construction near water bodies).

During detailed design by Contractor and update to cover any unidentified impacts.

Locations to be provided with the detailed designs

Independent experienced laboratory.

Contractor cost NTDC / NTDC Cell.


4. Water Resources 1. Availability of water acceptable to community. No complaints.

1. Monthly 2. Monthly

Prior to submission of progress

All local water supply resources near the

Contractor Contractor cost NTDC and NTDC Cell



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Timing to check

PI


Responsible to

implement PI

Cost of

Implementation


Cost of Supervision

2. Guidelines established to minimize the water wastage during construction operations and at worker camps.

reports. proposed project site

5. Spoil disposal and construction waste disposal

1. Use of land agreed with surrounding residents & VILLAGEs. 2. Waste Management Plan implemented. 3 No open burning

Monthly (line item when opening up construction).

Prior to construction. Update monthly.




6. Noise

Noise mitigation measures implemented in line with guidelines for noise reduction from ISO/TR11688-1:1995(E)


Maximum allowable noise levels are 70dB(A)LEQ.

At and around NTDC proposed project site.

Contractor should maintain the accepted standards

Contractor cost

NTDC / NTDC Project Cell will monitor sample activities.


7. Air quality Noise and dust control plan implemented.



NTDC proposed project site..



8.Soil Contamination Contractors workforce instructed and trained

Monthly (line item when

Prior to constructi

NTDC proposed Contractor Contractor cost NTDC and

NTDC Cell NTDC Cell staff cost


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Timing to check

PI


Responsible to

implement PI

Cost of

Implementation


Cost of Supervision

in handling of chemicals

opening up construction).

on. Update monthly.

project site.

9. Work Camp Location and Operation

1. Use of land agreed with surrounding residents & VILLAGEs. 2. Waste Management Plan implemented. 3 No open burning






10. Safety Precautions for Workers Safety Plan submitted

Once (update monthly as necessary)

One month before construction and update quarterly.


Contractor. Contractor cost

NTDC / (ESIC cell to

actively supervise

and enforce.


11. Social Impacts

1. Local labour is used and workforce 2. Local educated people for office work. 3. Complaints on construction nuisance damages close to NTDC proposed project site are responded to promptly by the Contractor.


During construction. Update monthly.





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Timing to check

PI


Responsible to

implement PI

Cost of

Implementation


Cost of Supervision

4. Quarterly meetings with local VILLAGE for liaison purposes to monitor complaints.

12. Enhancements

Contractor has included for some enhancements in detailed designs Including planting of trees in addition to bioengineering such as in median

Once (update monthly as necessary)

One month before construction and update quarterly.


Contractor. Contractor cost

NTDC / (NTDC Cell to actively supervise and enforce.


OPERATIONAL STAGE NTDC Cell staff cost

1. Air Quality 1. Roadworthiness of vehicles on NTDC. 2. Monitor NO2 and PM10 as indicators.

1. Roadworthiness of vehicles on NTDC Daily during operations 2. Yearly intervals for 3 years after opening for reassurance.

During operation.

5 locations on NTDC proposed project site. nearest settlements.

Contractor Contractor cost NTDC / and ESIC Cell


2. crops and vegetation 1. Follow up on Tree Clearance and Compensatory

1) Quarterly 2) Quarterly 3) Quarterly

1) Throughout project


Contractor ESIC Cell NTDC MOFSC and NTDC Cell staff cost.


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Timing to check

PI


Responsible to

implement PI

Cost of

Implementation


Cost of Supervision

Planting Plan. 2. Records on survival of planted trees. 3. The compensatory planting maintained 4. Audited report by ESIC cell for on site and off-site compensatory planting.

4) Quarterly 2) Each of three years after initial planting. 3) Continuous for three years after project completion 4) For four years after initial clearance of the forest.


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8.4.2 Monitoring 8.4.2.1 Effects Monitoring The actual impacts on physical, biological and socio-economic receptor of the project area due to project activities will be monitored. The Effect Monitoring is done to identify any effects either not anticipated in EIA or exceeding the level anticipated in the mitigation plan so that appropriate mitigation measures can be adopted in time. The common theme of Effect Monitoring is the proper management of environmental risks and uncertainties. The Effect monitoring has four Objectives:

To verify that the impact of the proposed project is within acceptable limits, thus establishing credibility.

To facilitate research and development by documenting the effects of the proposed project that can be used to validate impact- predication techniques and provided a basis for more accurate prediction of future impact.

In case of adverse impacts or sudden changes in the anticipated impacts immediately inform the PMU and other regulatory agencies so that the corrective can be taken such as modification of mitigation measures and inclusion of additional measures

To minimize the effects control the timing, location and level of certain project activities

The effect-monitoring plan is given in Table-8.4. Improvement of the detailed methodologies for effect monitoring will be included in Consultants scope of work. The effect monitoring includes the monitoring of land, water, air noise wildlife and socio-economic and cultural aspects. 8.4.2.2 Compliance Monitoring: Compliance with the requirement of EMP will be checked by monitoring the activities of the contractor on daily basis by the environmental specialist of the consultants. The objectives of EIA compliance monitoring will be:

Systematically observe the activities undertaken by the contractor in the civil and mechanical works.

Verify that the activities undertaken are in compliance with the IEE/EIA and other conditions identify by PMU and NTDC

Documents and communicate the observations to the concerned persons in PMU so the corrective action, if required, can be taken timely.

Maintain a record of all incidents of the environmental significance and related action and corrective measures.


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Prepare periodic reports of the environmental performance of PMU and its consultant and contractor.

Develop an environmental issue tracking system (format attached as table-8.7) for an effective monitoring and ensuring that all environmental concerns are identified and addressed in a timely manner.

The Mitigation Measures Implementation plan will be used as a management and monitoring tool for compliance monitoring. Inspection will be done using checklists, samples of which are attached at the end of this section 8.4.2.3 Post-Project Monitoring:

The objective of this monitoring will be to determine the level of residual impact of the project on physical, biological and socio-economic receptors of the project area. This monitoring may be carried out within one month of the end of project activities. Post –project monitoring is included in effects monitoring, discussed above. List of indicators: will be used to monitor the environmental performance of the project. The indicators may include the specific measures that must be taken. These are, for example:

• Revision of the EMP annually

• Compilation of all operating documents twice a year

• Closure on SFA before the start of contractor mobilization.

• Timely appointment of all environmental staff by contractor and supervision consultants before the implementation of contract. PMU environmental staff is already appointed

• Mid-term review of the environmental performance of the project 8.4.2.4 Third Party Monitoring / Environmental Audit Annually. The PMU will engage a third party monitor to do the environmental audit annually during the construction period. Three periodic audits will be carried out; one at preconstruction stage, the second will be carried out during the construction and third at post construction stage. The firm’s terms of reference will define a clear work plan, including monitoring indicators, and reporting structures and timelines. The PMU will provide the necessary logistical support to facilitate the selected firm in Environmental audit. The Parameters, frequency, responsibility and mitigation measures for monitoring have been described in Environment Management Plan (EMP) in Table 8.2.


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Table 8.4: Monitoring Programme for Tranche 3

Monitoring Parameter Monitoring Locations Frequency Responsibility

DESIGN PHASE

1. Audit project bidding documents to ensure IEE and EMP is included

- Prior to issue of biding documents

NTDC through project implementation unit.

2.

Monitor that the selection process and final alignment selection process and its environmental compliance with EMP

- Prior to NTDC approval of contractor’s detail alignment survey

NTDC with the assistance of and external environmental consultants

3.

Monitor contractor’s detail project design to ensure relevant environmental mitigation measures in EMP have been included

- Prior to NTDC approval of contractor’s detail alignment survey

NTDC with the assistance of project implementation unit

4.

Monitor through implementation of detail environmental guidelines for construction works including procurement management, works and closing operation

- Prior to NTDC approval of contractor’s detail design


5. Review the mineral, construction materials and waste management



6. Audit detail design of facilities and installation to ensure standard


NTDC with the assistance of project implementation unit

CONSTRUCTION PHASE

Monitoring Parameter

Monitoring Locations Frequency Responsibility

1 Observation of soil erosion

Construction sites, campsites

During routine monitoring PMU

At wells and surface water bodies near grid station and construction campsites

Before mobilization Contractor/PMU

Selected local wells Monthly Contractor/PMU

2

Water quality (Oil & grease, Cd, Cr, Cu, Fe, TSS, T. Alkalinity, T. Hardness) Selected locations

at nearby surface water bodies

Monthly Contractor/PMU

3 Waste Water (COD, Oil & Grease, Cd, Cr, Cu, Fe, TDS)

Camp site, offices,colony and construction site of

During & After construction Contractor/PMU


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8.4.3 Reporting Structure and Outcomes 8.4.3.1 Data Recording and Maintenance. All forms to be used for recording information during the environmental monitoring will follow a standard format which will correspond to the data base in to which all the gathered information will be placed. Check boxes will be used as much as possible to facilitate data entry. A tracking system will be developed for each

proposed 500 KV grid station

4 Oil Waste Spills

Oil storage area, vehicle washing lines; any other spill area.

Daily during construction phase

Contractor/PMU

5 Water consumption Construction sites, campsite Daily Contractor/PMU

6 Checks for any damage to water course, groundwater wells

Construction sites During routine monitoring PMU


Before mobilization Contractor/PMU

7 Ambient air quality Construction sites, campsites

Once every two months Contractor/PMU


During routine monitoring Contractor/PMU

8 Checks for exhaust emissions Checks for dust emissions

Construction sites, campsites, project roads

During routine monitoring Contractor/PMU

9 Noise At nearby communities

Fortnightly or during the construction activities causing noise.

Contractor/PMU

10 Public concerns At nearby communities

Throughout the field activities. PMU

OPERATIONAL PHASE

1 Compensatory tree planting

Selected sites for plantation of trees

After construction phase NTDC

2 Crops and vegetation Land under the transmission line

During routine maintenance NTDC

3 Social safety Impacts Population along transmission line

During routine maintenance NTDC


8‐41

form. A comprehensive system will be established to store the environmental and social data of the project. 8.4.3.2 Storage of information The database may include Training programs; Staff deployment; Non-compliance; Corrective actions; List of environmental data and List of environmental data to be maintained: Soil and land pollution; disposal of excavated silt and earth disposal of waste water resource ;quality quantity fuel oil and chemical spills; vegetation record and record of wildlife :Noise pollution ;Air and dust pollution and Socio-economic data .

8.4.3.3 Meetings. These will include the kick-off meeting, and daily/weekly meetings. The main focus of these meetings will be EMP and RAP compliance, non-compliances, and the measures to be taken to address them. 8.4.3.4 Photographic record. A comprehensive photographic record will be maintained of the key locations and key events of the project. 8.4.3.5 Social complaints register The consultants ‘ environmental team will maintain a social complaint register at camp site office to document all complaints received from the local communities, the register will also record the measures taken to mitigate these concerns. The final report will be communicated to ESS of PMU 8.4.3.6 Change record register: This will be maintained at a site to document any change in the project design. These changes will be handled through the change management mechanism if any. The final report will be communicated to ESS of PMU 8.4.3.7 Reporting Overall, progress reporting will be the responsibility of each contractor who will provide inputs to the Supervision Consultant to be collated and submitted to the ESS of PMU. The Supervision Consultant will be responsible for submitting a monthly, quarterly, annually and final environmental/social report. The Supervision consultant’s monthly progress report will include the following environmental information:


8‐42

• Contract-wise breakdown of environmental non-compliances and rectification by the contractor.

• The results of monitoring environmental and social parameters carried out by the contractors.

8.4.4 Communication Strategy

Effective communication between the project agency and its stakeholders helps build trust and collaboration which in turn contributes to better project design and speedy implementation. To this end, stakeholder consultations were conducted during the project design and planning stage and while conducting the EA studies, as discussed in Chapter 6 of this document. The need to continue these consultations and communication with the stakeholders particularly the local communities during the project construction phase cannot be understated, and the success of the project can only be guaranteed by involving all the stakeholders During the construction phase, it is very important to consult and involve stakeholders, on an on-going basis, to ensure liaison and a high degree of transparency among all the policy makers, NTDC/ PMU, contractor, consultants, the farming community and the media. Each of them will be encouraged to provide feedback on the design and implementation processes. Communications Methods The following communication methods will be used as part of the Strategy: a) Involvement of policy makers. PMU will initiate a series of direct

communication measures to inform and involve the policy makers including the concerned Ministers, Members of the National Assembly (MNAs) and Members of the Provincial Assembly (MPAs). This can be achieved by making presentations to them and holding briefing sessions with them on a regular basis. They will be invited to participate in the consultation process to ensure transparency and to gain public support for the project. This will be carried out simultaneously with the mass media campaign.

b) Communication through Numberdars of village and Imam Masjid (Muslim prayer leader). Since Numberdars and Imams are also closely associated with the villagers, the project information can also be disseminated to the communities through them.


8‐43

c) Communication through media: The print and electronic media are very effective means of mass communication, and have a vast reach among all potential project partners.

8.5. PUBLIC CONSULTATION AND DISCLOSURE This section describes the outcome of the public consultation sessions held with different stakeholders/groups that may be impacted by the project. The consultation process was carried out in accordance with the Asian Development Bank’s Safe Guard Policy Statement (ADB’SPS). The process of the public consultation proceeded as follows: -

Meetings with regional and local officers of NTDC. Semi-structured interaction held with communities near and around the proposed

project site of 220 KV GS sub project. 8.5.1 Meeting with local and regional officials. Phase –1: A series of meetings were held with local and regional officials (See the list of officials contacted in Table 8.5. below)

Table – 8.5: List of Officials Contacted

Sr. No. Officials Contacted Title 1 - Muzaffar Khan – SDO Civil NTDC (Peshawar)

2 - Khalid Mehmood – Manager E&SIC – NTDC

3 - Mr. Tariq – NTDC

4 - Mr. Sajjad NHA

5 Mr. Ahmed WWF –Lahore

6 Ms. Samia Saif Environmental Specialist (ADB)

Meetings with officials provided multiple and diverse objectives such as:

• Provided a forum for the initial definition of critical environmental and social issues.

• Established their interpretation, as official stake-holders, the key sector development issues and linkages to the environmental and social development.

• Facilitation of Field Work.


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8.5.2 Meeting with Local Communities Phase –2: Involved the undertaking of a programme of semi-structured discussion with communities in the project area of influence. This programme included both community discussion and discussion with women (through women organizers). 8.6. ENVIRONMENTAL TECHNICAL ASSISTANCE AND TRAINING PLAN An environmental and social trainings and technical assistance (TA) program will help to ensure that the requirements of the ESIA, EMP and RAP are clearly understood and followed by all project personnel. The primary responsibility of providing these trainings to all project personnel will be that of the contractor and Supervision Consultants. The trainings will be provided to different professional groups separately such as managers, skilled personnel, unskilled labors, and camp staff. 8.7. CHANGE MANAGEMENT An environmental assessment of the proposed project has been made during the preparation of EIA. However it is possible that change in project design or during /execution may be required when the project is implemented. This section describes the mechanism to handle Changes that might affect the project environmental impact. In this regard the following actions will be taken:

Bidding between PMU, contractor and consultants representatives. Based on the discussion during the meeting a change report will be produced

collectively which will include the additional EMP clauses. A copy of the report will be sent to the head offices of PMU, the Contractor and

the Consultants. All relevant project personnel will be informed of the additions. These additions

will be reported in the Consultants monthly environmental reports. Midterm review of the EMP to review any changes that might affect the project

environmental impact. 8.8. ESTIMATED COST OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT The total cost of the environmental management of the proposed project is about 2,000,000.oo Pak. Rupees. This includes the cost of environmental third –party monitoring and implementation of mitigation measure. Cost estimates of mitigation and other environmental management measures are summarized in Table – 8.6.


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Table 8.6: Cost Estimates for Environmental Management

Sr. # Item Rs.

1 Waste Water testing 50000.oo (1) 2 Vehicular Emission testing 50000.oo

(quarterly) 3 Purchase of PPEs 200000.oo 4 Maintenance of equipment 100000.oo 5 Air Quality 500000.oo (1) 6 Water Sprinkling 100000.oo 7 Waste Disposal 200000.oo 8 Waste Water Treatment 250000.oo 9 Environment Audit 500000.oo (1) 10 EHS Training 50000.oo TOTAL 2000000.oo


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Table 8.7 : Environmental Issues Tracking Report

Tracking No.

Log Date

Source Location Issue Action Required

Responsibility Target date

Completion Status

T Power Transmission Enhancement Multitranche Financing Facility – Tranche 3 220 KV Grid station Mansehra IEE Report

9. GRIEVANCE REDRESS MECHANISM 9.1 GENERAL

The stakeholder or affected people’s concerns, complaints and grievances about the

project environmental performance will be received recorded and replied in a

systematic way using an understandable and transparent process that is gender

responsive, culturally appropriate and readily accessible to all segments of the

affected people at no cost and without retribution.

9.2 INSTITUTIONAL ARRANGEMENT

9.2.1 Management Responsibilities

Overall responsibility for environmental management will rest on PMU of the NTDC

i. The Executing Agency: PMU of NTDC

ii. Supervising and Monitoring: Environmental Unit of PMU. Agency

iii. General Assistance to all: Head PMU/The Project Director, INTDC above

agencies in their Department will facilitate communications, respective tasks

logistics and data collection as and when required.

iv. Logistic Support: Head PMU/The Project Director, NTDC shall provide the

logistic support and shall be the focal point for the construction activity.

(i) Project Management Unit (PMU)

The overall responsibility for the implementation of Environmental

management/Monitoring Plan rests with the Project Management Unit (PMU) along

with the assistance of Environmental Unit (EU) of PMU. The EU consists of Manager

Environment & Sociology, Deputy Manager Environment and Assistant manager for

environment & Sociology.

PMU will assume overall responsibility for ensuring:

That while executing the contract and undertaking the construction all environmental

norms, regulations and requirements promulgated by Pakistan Environmental

Protection Council (PEPC), Pakistan Environmental Protection Act (PEPA),

Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) Punjab and environmental safeguard

9-1


policies of Asian Development Bank , with respect to the work site and adjacent

areas are fully respected and implemented. Overall responsibility for implementation

of EMP. Ensure that Contractor and Construction Supervision Consultants appoint a

dedicated environmental officer and allied staff. PMU will also ensure that all

environmental personnel are authorized to implement the socio- environmental

policies and requirements of the EMP. Coordinate with relevant government

departments and stakeholders on concerned socio-environmental issues. Inspect

and monitor residual impacts of the construction work and observe documentation of

the impacts during the construction phase. Inspect the significance of impact in case

of unanticipated change in the project. Construction Supervision Consultants will

assist and advise PMU in implementation of EMP. Inspect and monitor residual

impacts of the rehabilitation work and observe documentation of the impacts during

the construction phase. Inspect the significance of impact in case of unanticipated

change in the project. Construction Supervision Consultants will assist and advise

PMU in implementation of EMP.

(ii) Environment Unit (EU) of PMU

The Environmental Unit (EU) within PMU will monitor Project performance.

The EU will function in coordination with the Construction Supervision

Consultants and will receive reports from them on behalf of PMU.

EU will prepare and submit biannual Environmental Monitoring Reports to ADB.

(iii) Head PMU/General Manager

The General Manager shall provide or arrange the logistics including communication,

transport and accommodation to all visiting persons/teams experts from any of the

above monitoring units and shall coordinate with the contractor(s) to facilitate the

visits/inspections.

(iv) Contractor

The contractor will be responsible for implementation of the project EMP. The

contractor will ensure that EMP for the project is implemented fully and must be

integrated into the Project implementation and made integral part of the contract

document. For any default damages so caused will be remediated by the contractor

9-2


at his own cost and expenses. In case the contractor fails to rectify the damage the

employer will remediate at the risk and cost of the contractor. The amount will be

determined by the Construction Supervision Consultants which will be adjusted from

amount due to the contractor. The contractor will also be responsible for

communicating with and training of his staff in environmental aspects and

implementation of the EMP. The contractor will develop and get approved Health,

Safety & Environment (HSE) Plan from Construction Supervision Consultants before

the commencement of the Physical works on site.

(v) Construction Supervision Consultants

The construction supervision consultants will be responsible to ensure quality of work

and fulfillment of contractual obligations. Environmental Specialist of the construction

supervision consultants will ensure that all the environmental and social provisions

comply with the applicable standards. He/She will confirm that the day-to-day

construction activities are carried out in environment friendly manner and periodic

environmental training programs and workshops are organized for the consultant’s

and contractor’s staff. It would be responsibility of the Construction Supervision

Consultant to submit monthly environmental monitoring report to PMU

Project Organizational Structure The organizational structure for the environment management / monitoring

implementation is given in fig 8.2

9-3


9.3 ENVIRONMENT & SOCIAL COMPLAINTS REGISTER

The consultant’s environmental team will maintain an environment & social complaint

register at camp site office to document all complaints received from the local

communities. The register will also record the measures taken to mitigate these

concerns. The final report will be communicated to Environmental section of PMU.

The Project Monitoring team shall carry out the monitoring of the implementation of

social and environmental mitigation measures as per ADB Safeguard Policy

Statement. The details of Grievance Redress Mechanism related with social issues

of the project are provided in the RAP.

Table 9.1 Grievance Resolution Process

Land / Crop Compensation Issues Project / Other Items Compensation Issues

Complaint resolution will be attempted

at office of SDO. If still unsettled, a

grievance will be lodged to the Head

PMU/NTDC. He will redress in 10

days.

Complaint resolution will be attempted at

village level through GRC* in one week. If still

unsettled, a grievance can be referred to court

of law.

d) Coordination Initiatives

The various agencies identified above need to be coordinated carefully so as

to obtain effective, smooth and timely reply to all the non-compliance.

Complaints & Grievances will be addressed through three different processes

as described in Table 9.1 above:

*Grievance Redress Committee (GRC) consisting on concern SDO and Manager

Environment & Social safeguard.

9-4