inorganic compounds- nomenclature

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Inorganic Compounds- nomenclature

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INORGANIC COMPOUNDSINORGANIC COMPOUNDS

• Compounds composed of elements Compounds composed of elements other than carbon.other than carbon.

• Associated with the nonliving portion Associated with the nonliving portion of the worldof the world



NOMENCLATURE OF NOMENCLATURE OF INORGANIC COMPOUNDSINORGANIC COMPOUNDS

• Ionic CompoundsIonic Compounds•Molecular CompoundsMolecular Compounds•AcidsAcids



NAMING IONIC COMPOUNDSNAMING IONIC COMPOUNDS1.1. CATIONS ( POSITIVE IONS)CATIONS ( POSITIVE IONS)

A. Cations formed from metal atoms A. Cations formed from metal atoms have the same name as the metal.have the same name as the metal.

NaNa++ sodium ionsodium ion ZnZn2+2+ zinc ion zinc ionAlAl3+3+ aluminum ionaluminum ion



B. If a metal can form cations of different B. If a metal can form cations of different charges, the positive charge is given by charges, the positive charge is given by a Roman numeral in parenthesis a Roman numeral in parenthesis following the name of the metal.following the name of the metal.

FeFe2+2+ iron (II) ioniron (II) ion CuCu++ copper (I) ion copper (I) ionFeFe3+3+ iron (III) ioniron (III) ion CuCu2+2+ copper (II) ion copper (II) ion



• Ions with different charges exhibit Ions with different charges exhibit different properties, such as color.different properties, such as color.

• Most of the metals that have variable Most of the metals that have variable charges are transition metals. charges are transition metals.



• Apply Apply –ous–ous or or –ic–ic• The endings represent the lower and The endings represent the lower and

higher charged ions, respectively.higher charged ions, respectively.

FeFe2+2+ ferrous ionferrous ion CuCu++ cuprous ion cuprous ion FeFe3+3+ ferric ionferric ion CuCu2+2+ cupric ion cupric ion



IONIC CHARGES OF IONIC CHARGES OF REPRESENTATIVE ELEMENTSREPRESENTATIVE ELEMENTS

1A 2A 3A 4A 5A 6A 7A 0Li+ Be2+ N3- O2- F-

Na+ Mg2+ Al+3 P3- S2- Cl-K+ Ca2+ As3- Se2- Br-

Rb+ Sr2+ I-Cs+ Ba2+



FORMULAS AND NAMES OF COMMON METAL IONS WITH MORE THAN ONE IONIC CHARGE

FORMULA STOCK NAME CLASSICAL NAMECu+ Copper (I) ion Cuprous ionCu2+ Copper (II) ion Cupric ionFe2+ Iron (II) ion Ferrous ionFe3+ Iron (III) ion Ferric ionHg2+ Mercury (I) ion Mercurous ionHg2

+ Mercury (II) ion Mercuric ionPb2+ Lead (II) ion Plumbous ionPb4+ Lead (IV) ion Plumbic ionSn2+ Tin (II) ion Stannous ionSn4+ Tin (IV) ion Stannic ionCr2+ Chromium (II) ion Chromous ionCr3+ Chromium (III) ion Chromic ionMn2+ Manganese (II) ion Manganous ionMn3+ Manganese (III) ion Manganic ionCo2+

Co3+Cobalt (II) ionCobalt (III) ion

Cobaltous ionCobaltic ion



C. Cations formed from nonmetals C. Cations formed from nonmetals have names that end in have names that end in –ium–ium

NHNH44++ ammonium ionammonium ion

HH33OO++ hydronium ionhydronium ion



EXERCISES:EXERCISES:• Name each of the following:Name each of the following:

1.1. SnSn2+2+

2.2. SnSn4+4+

3.3. KK++

4.4. BaBa2+2+

5.5. CoCo2+2+

6.6. CoCo3+3+



1.1. SnSn2+ 2+ Tin (II) ionTin (II) ion2.2. SnSn4+4+ Tin (IV) ionTin (IV) ion3.3. KK++ Potassium ionPotassium ion4.4. BaBa2+2+ Barium ionBarium ion5.5. CoCo2+2+ Cobalt (II) ionCobalt (II) ion6.6. CoCo3+3+ Cobalt (III) ionCobalt (III) ion



2. ANIONS (NEGATIVE IONS)2. ANIONS (NEGATIVE IONS)

A. Monoatomic (one-atom) anions have A. Monoatomic (one-atom) anions have names formed by replacing the ending names formed by replacing the ending of the name of the element with of the name of the element with –ide–ide

HH-- O O2-2- NN3- 3- OHOH--

Hydride ionHydride ion Oxide ionOxide ion Nitride ion Hydroxide ionNitride ion Hydroxide ion



B. Polyatomic (many-atoms) anions containing oxygen have names ending in –ate or –ite

• These are called oxyanions

• -ate is used for the most common oxyanion of an element

• -ite is used for an oxyanion that has the same charge but one less O atoms

NO3- nitrate ion SO4

2- sulfate ion

NO2- nitrite ion SO3

2- sulfite ion



• Prefixes are used when the series Prefixes are used when the series of oxyanions of an element of oxyanions of an element extends to four members, as with extends to four members, as with halogenshalogens

• The prefix per- indicates one or The prefix per- indicates one or more O atom than the oxyanion more O atom than the oxyanion ending in –ateending in –ate

• The prefix hypo- indicates one less The prefix hypo- indicates one less O atom than the oxyanion ending O atom than the oxyanion ending in –itein –ite



ClOClO44-- perchlorate ion (one more O perchlorate ion (one more O

atom than chlorate)atom than chlorate)

ClOClO33-- chlorate ionchlorate ion

ClOClO22- - chlorite ion (one less O atom chlorite ion (one less O atom

than chlorate)than chlorate)

ClOClO- - hypochlorite ion (one less O hypochlorite ion (one less O atom than chlorite)atom than chlorite)



C. Anions derived by adding H+ to an C. Anions derived by adding H+ to an oxyanion are named by adding as a oxyanion are named by adding as a prefix the word hydrogen or dihydrogenprefix the word hydrogen or dihydrogen

COCO332-2- carbonate ioncarbonate ion

HCOHCO33-- hydrogen carbonate ionhydrogen carbonate ion

POPO443-3- phosphate ionphosphate ion

HH22POPO44--dihydrogen phosphate iondihydrogen phosphate ion



COMMON POLYATOMIC IONSCOMMON POLYATOMIC IONS

3- chargePO3

3- PhosphitePO4

3- Phosphate

1+ chargeNH4

+ Ammonium

1- charge

H2PO4-

Dihydrogen phosphate

C2H3O2- AcetateHSO3

- Hydrogen sulfiteHSO4

- Hydrogen sulfate

HCO3-

Hydrogen carbonate

NO2- Nitrite

NO3- Nitrate

CN- CyanideOH- HydroxideMnO4- PermanganateClO- HypochloriteClO2- ChloriteClO3- ChlorateClO4- Perchlorate

2- chargeHPO4

2

-Hydrogen phosphate

C2O42- Oxalate

SO32- Sulfite

SO42- Sulfate

CO32- Carbonate

CrO42- Chromate

Cr2O72

- DichromateSiO3

2- Silicate



3. IONIC COMPOUNDS3. IONIC COMPOUNDSNames of ionic compounds consist of the Names of ionic compounds consist of the cation name followed by the anion namecation name followed by the anion name

CaClCaCl22 calcium chloridecalcium chlorideAl(NOAl(NO33))33 aluminum nitratealuminum nitrateCu(ClOCu(ClO44))22 copper (II)perchlorate copper (II)perchlorate cupric perchloratecupric perchlorate



EXERCISES:EXERCISES:

• What is the charge of the ion typically What is the charge of the ion typically formed by each element? formed by each element? 1.1. SulfurSulfur2.2. Lead, 4 electrons lostLead, 4 electrons lost3.3. StrontiumStrontium4.4. ArgonArgon5.5. BromineBromine6.6. Copper, 1 electron lostCopper, 1 electron lost


1.1. SulfurSulfur 2-2-2.2. Lead, 4 electrons lostLead, 4 electrons lost 4+4+3.3. StrontiumStrontium 2+2+4.4. ArgonArgon no ion formedno ion formed5.5. BromineBromine 1-1-6.6. Copper, 1 electron lostCopper, 1 electron lost 1+1+



• Name the following compounds:Name the following compounds:1.1.CuSCuS2.2.KK33NN3.3.SnClSnCl224.4.KK22SS5.5.CaICaI22

6.6.NaINaI



1.1. CuSCuS Copper (II) sulfideCopper (II) sulfide2.2. KK33NN Potassium NitridePotassium Nitride3.3. SnClSnCl22 Tin (II) chlorideTin (II) chloride4.4. KK22SS Potassium sulfidePotassium sulfide5.5. CaICaI22 Calcium IodideCalcium Iodide6.6. NaINaI Sodium IodideSodium Iodide



• Name the following:Name the following:1.1. MgClMgCl222.2. SnClSnCl443.3. HgBrHgBr22

4.4. PbSPbS22

5.5. FeOFeO• Write the formula for each of the following:Write the formula for each of the following:1.1. Magnesium bromideMagnesium bromide2.2. Aluminum oxideAluminum oxide3.3. Ferrous bromideFerrous bromide4.4. Lead (II) sulfideLead (II) sulfide5.5. Stannic oxideStannic oxide



HOMEWORK:HOMEWORK:• Name the following:Name the following:

1.1. CoICoI22

2.2. CsCs22OO3.3. ZnSZnS4.4. KCIKCI5.5. BaOBaO6.6. CuBrCuBr22



1.1. CoICoI22 Cobalt Iodide Cobalt Iodide2.2. CsCs22OO Cesium Oxide Cesium Oxide3.3. ZnSZnS Zinc sulfide Zinc sulfide4.4. KCIKCI Potassium chloride Potassium chloride5.5. BaOBaO Barium Oxide Barium Oxide6.6. CuBrCuBr22 Copper bromide Copper bromide



NAMES OF FORMULAS OF ACIDSNAMES OF FORMULAS OF ACIDS

• An acid is a substance whose An acid is a substance whose molecules yield hydrogen ions molecules yield hydrogen ions (H(H++) when dissolved in water. ) when dissolved in water.



1. Acid based on anions whose names end in –ide.

Anions whose names end in –ide have he asociated acids that have the hydro- prefix and an –ic ending

ANIONANION CORRESPONDING ACIDS CORRESPONDING ACIDS

ClCl-- (chloride) (chloride) HCl (hydrochloric acid)HCl (hydrochloric acid)

SS2-2- (sulfide) (sulfide) HH22S (hydrosulfuric acid)S (hydrosulfuric acid)



2. Anions whose names end in 2. Anions whose names end in –ate–ate have have associated acids with an associated acids with an –ic–ic ending, ending, whereas anions whose names end in whereas anions whose names end in ––

iteite have acids with an have acids with an -ous-ous ending. ending. Prefixes in the name of the anion are Prefixes in the name of the anion are retained in the name of the acid.retained in the name of the acid.



ANIONANION CORRESPONDING ACIDCORRESPONDING ACID

ClOClO44-- perchlorate perchlorate HHClOClO44 – perchloric – perchloric

acidacid

ClOClO33- - chlorate chlorate HClOHClO3 3 – chloric acid– chloric acid

ClOClO22- - chlorite chlorite HHClOClO22 – chlorous acid – chlorous acid

ClOClO- - hypochlorite hypochlorite HHClOClO – hypochloric acid – hypochloric acid



EXERCISES:EXERCISES:Give the name or formula for the Give the name or formula for the

following:following:1.1.HH22SOSO44

2.2.HH22COCO33

3.3.Nitric acidNitric acid4.4.Phosphoric acidPhosphoric acid



Acknowledgements• JISC• HEA• Centre for Educational Research and Developmen

t• School of natural and applied sciences• School of Journalism• SirenFM• http://tango.freedesktop.org

http://www.jisc.ac.uk/

http://www.heacademy.ac.uk/

http://www.lincoln.ac.uk/cerd/

http://www.lincoln.ac.uk/cerd/

http://www.lincoln.ac.uk/fabs/

inorganic compounds- nomenclature

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