institutional repositories:
DESCRIPTION
Institutional Repositories:. their contribution to sustainable development. - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
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Institutional Repositories:
their contribution to sustainable development
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Development needs ScienceScience needs Access to Research
Jawaharlal Nehru, India's first prime minister, said: "It is science alone that can solve the problems of hunger
and poverty, of insanitation and illiteracy …
A1982 UNESCO report states that "assimilation of scientific and technological information is an essential
precondition for progress in developing countries".
The InterAcademy Council says: "In a world moving rapidly toward the knowledge-based economies of the
21st century, capacity building in science and technology is necessary everywhere. But the need is
greatest for the developing countries".
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A reminder of the scale of the problem
ACCESS STUDY
WHO study in 2003 showed:
Of 75 countries with GNP/per capita/yr < $1000, 56% of medical institutions had NO subscriptions to journals over the last 5 years
Of countries with GNP/capita/yr of $1-3000, 34% had NO subscriptions and a further 34% had an average of 2 subscriptions/yr
Situation unlikely to have changed much since 2003
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Some confusionsBOAI recommendations:
1. Self-archiving (OA Archives, Institutional Repositories) of published articles
2. Alternative journals (OA Journals)
Repositories:• Institutional Repositories (IRs, OAAs) primarily for
archiving already published research articles• Institutional Digital Archives (IDAs) for archiving an
institutes total digital record (theses, reports, assessment records, teaching products, pre-prints….)
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Institutional Repositories
A global network of interoperable archives
providing free access to already published research findings (author’s final version)
Subsidiary, bottom-up access strategy
working in parallel with OA or TA journals
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Technical Benefits from Institutional Repositories
– Free software, therefore appropriate for low-income countries
– Easy to establish, technical help available– All IRs are interoperable, conforming to OAI-MPH
international standards (www.oaister.org/about.html)– Distributed network, shared costs– Searchable by Google, Yahoo and specialised
search programs (eg OAIster, SHERPA searches)– Usage (impact) statistics available– If embargo, immediate deposit gives email options
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Strategic Benefits from Institutional Repositories
• Content free to all with access to Internet (Good for readers)
• Increases impact of articles (raises visibility of developing country science); increases usage, forges partnerships (Good for authors)
• Maximises return on investments (already being mandated by institutes and funding bodies) (Good for funders)
• Shows institutional achievement (Good for institutes)
• Administrative tool (eg RAE) (Good for institutes)
• Already ~900 established
• Little change to existing publishing practice – no new models required
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Any problems?
Yes! Researchers are merely humans and don’t bother to archive their publications (in spite of the fact that their work makes a far higher impact)! So IRs are proving slow to fill.
Studies show (A.Swan; A.Sale) researchers willingly archive if told [or mandated] to do so.
Like most of us, researchers respond to sticks and carrots!
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Author readiness to comply with a mandate
0 20 40 60 80 100
% respondents
Would complywillingly
Would complyreluctantly
Would notcomply
81%
14%
5%
Key Perspectives Ltd
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Recommended and agreed Mandates
Mandates to deposit authors’ copies in his/her IR at time of acceptance:
at April 17th 2007:
11 Institutional Mandates 3 Departmental Mandates12 Funders’ Mandates
6 further mandates proposed
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Where are they?
Registry of OA Repositories (http://roar.eprints.org/) shows between 8-900 established world-wide
Examples:
– Latin America – 83 (50 in Brazil)– EU countries – 350 (93 in UK)– India – 23– China – 9– South Africa – 7– Canada – 39– Australia - 33– USA - 211
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And the cost is?
In India, for example:
• NCCR ‘Not very much’• ‘Depends if you have to buy a PC and if you
can use existing staff’• IISc (India) says new PC costs ~$555 IISc deposits papers and formats
abstracts/references for authors; two people’s salary costs $5500 per annum. Total $6055
• NIC (India) says they ‘used existing resources, so not very expensive’
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Driver Repository Infrastructure Vision for European Research
The long-term vision: Pan-European Digital Repository Infrastructure
http://www.driver-repository.eu/
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The Depot deposit serviceWelcome to the DEPOT.
The DEPOT is a supporting service of the JISC Repositories and Preservation programme. Researchers based at UK institutions of higher and further education are welcome to use this national facility to deposit their peer-reviewed papers, articles, and book chapters (e-prints). The Depot contains full-text post-print research papers, with associated metadata and subject classification. The Depot is an OAI-compliant repository allowing your e-prints to be discovered and accessed throughharvesting services and search engines anywhere in the world.
The Depot conforms to W3C standards for conformity and validation, andSection 508 for accessibility.
http://depot.edina.ac.uk/
Part of the JISC IR Roadmap programme
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►And in the USA
InterAgency Working Group on Digital DataData, not articles as yet
22 agencies to develop infrastructure
►And in AUSTRALIAPartnership for Sustainable Repositories
Online Research Collections Australia:
ORCA Network
ORCA Registry
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►And globally >25,000 research individuals (including >1000 research organisations)
signed petition in support of recommendation
A1 of EU study:
“GUARANTEE PUBLIC ACCESS TO PUBLICLY-FUNDED RESEARCH RESULTS SHORTLY AFTER PUBLICATION“
Sponsors: DeFF JISC SPARC Europe SURF
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IRs for sustainable development?
A light at the end of the tunnel…..
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NEED ACCESS NOW!
(think malaria, HIV AIDS, climate change, avian ‘flu, tsunamis, conservation, taxonomy…..)
IRs should not be delayed while mega$ programmes are agreed and implemented. There is an urgent need
to support:
• Establishment of Institutional Repositories• Mandating author-deposit (and providing incentives)• Consider networking programmes for IRs (cf DRIVER
and DEPOT programmes, JISC Roadmap)
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‘Let 1000 OA flowers bloom’But don’t let planting the slow-growing mighty
oak trees delay the spread of easily established Indigenous Roses
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Thank you
Barbara [email protected]
Electronic Publishing Trust for Development
http://www.epublishingtrust.org