instrumental assessment sppa 6400 voice disorders: tasko
TRANSCRIPT
- Slide 1
- Slide 2
- Instrumental Assessment SPPA 6400 Voice Disorders: Tasko
- Slide 3
- Ways to Assess the Utility of Instrumentation Does it help detect the existence of a voice problem? Can it help establish the severity of progression of a voice problem? Can it help differentially diagnose a voice problem? Can it be used as a treatment tool, in the form of biofeedback, behavioral modification or patient education? SPPA 6400 Voice Disorders: Tasko
- Slide 4
- Selected Instrumental Techniques Acoustic Analysis Aerodynamic Analysis Laryngeal Imaging SPPA 6400 Voice Disorders: Tasko
- Slide 5
- Acoustic Analysis of Voice SPPA 6400 Voice Disorders: Tasko
- Slide 6
- Recording Considerations Equipment Microphone and preamplifier setup Handheld, headset, dynamic mic, condenser mic Device onto which signal is recorded Computer, dedicated recording device Optimizing Recording Microphone Position Recording levels Digital-to-audio conversion settings SPPA 6400 Voice Disorders: Tasko
- Slide 7
- SPPA 6400 Voice Disorders Analysis Considerations Real-time analysis Examples Sound level meter Visi-pitch Real-time spectrograms Off-line analysis (analysis after data is collected) Examples Computerized speech Lab (CSL), MDVP Cspeech (tf32) Praat Speech Tool
- Slide 8
- Voice Signal Typing Type I Quasiperiodic, continuous signal Single cluster of dominant F0 values F0 and traditional perturbation analysis can be used. Type II Random or periodic modulations that fluctuate too much to detect a single recurring F0. Analysis limited to spectral analysis. Type III Random aperiodic signals with no identifiable fundamental frequency whatsoever. Not appropriate for most acoustic analysis. SPPA 6400 Voice Disorders: Tasko
- Slide 9
- Voice Signal Typing SPPA 6400 Voice Disorders: Tasko Type I Type II Type III
- Slide 10
- Fundamental Frequency (F 0 ) Average F 0 speaking fundamental frequency (SFF) Correlate of pitch Infants ~350-500 Hz Boys & girls (3-10) ~ 270-300 Hz Young adult females ~ 200 Hz Young adult males ~ 120 Hz Older females: F 0 Older males: F 0 F 0 variability F 0 varies due to Syllabic & emphatic stress Syntactic and semantic factors Phonetics factors (in some languages) Provides a melody (prosody) Measures F 0 Standard deviation ~2-4 semitones for normal speakers F 0 Range maximum F 0 minimum F 0 within a speaking task
- Slide 11
- Intensity Average Intensity Correlate of loudness conversation: ~ 65-80 dB SPL Intensity Variability SPL to mark stress Contributes to prosody Measure Standard deviation for neutral reading material: ~ 10 dB SPL
- Slide 12
- Perturbation Analysis Jitter: variability in the period of each successive cycle of vibration Shimmer: variability in the amplitude of each successive cycle of vibration
- Slide 13
- Synthetic Continuum of Jitter SPPA 6400 Voice Disorders 0.0%2.0% 0.2%2.5% 0.4%3.0% 0.6%4.0% 0.8%5.0% 1.0%6.0% 1.5%
- Slide 14
- Harmonic peak Noise floor Frequency Amplitude Harmonic peak Harmonics-to-noise Ratio
- Slide 15
- Cepstral Based Measures
- Slide 16
- SPPA 6400 Voice Disorders Other acoustic measures Maximum Phonational Frequency Range Highest F0 - Lowest F0 Dynamic range Highest intensity lowest intensity Voice Range Profile/Phonetogram Dynamic range from lowest to highest F0
- Slide 17
- Voice Range Profile SPPA 6400 Voice Disorders: Tasko
- Slide 18
- Aerodynamic Analysis of Voice SPPA 6400 Voice Disorders: Tasko
- Slide 19
- Aerodynamic Testing SPPA 6400 Voice Disorders: Tasko
- Slide 20
- Aerodynamic Testing SPPA 6400 Voice Disorders: Tasko
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- Aerodynamic Testing Average Flow Rate Typical values 100-200 ml/sec Hyperfunction associated with lower values Hypofunction associated with higher values Subglottal Pressure Typical values 5-8 cm H20 Phonation Threshold Pressure (PTP) Minimum pressure needed to initiate phonation Typical values 3-5 cm H20 Laryngeal Airway Resistance (LAR) subglottal pressure/mean flow rate Estimates the resistance at level of the larynx SPPA 6400 Voice Disorders: Tasko
- Slide 22
- Laryngeal Imaging SPPA 6400 Voice Disorders: Tasko
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- SPPA 6400 Voice Disorders Laryngeal Imaging Direct Laryngoscopy Indirect Laryngoscopy Mirror examination Rigid laryngeal endoscopy Constant light Stroboscopy Flexible fiberoptic laryngeal endoscopy Constant light Stroboscopy
- Slide 24
- SPPA 6400 Voice Disorders Components Endoscope (rigid or flexible) Light source (constant or strobe) Camera Recording device (VHS, computer) If strobe light is used, a neck mounted microphone (or electroglottograph) is used for tracking F o
- Slide 25
- SPPA 6400 Voice Disorders Constant light vs. strobe light Constant light source allows viewing of basic structure and function Identify lesions Identify abnormalities in ab/adduction Identify supraglottic activity Strobe light source allows a view of simulated vibration allows assessment of the vibratory function of the vocal folds May reveal structural abnormalities not seen during constant light endoscopy
- Slide 26
- SPPA 6400 Voice Disorders Typical VLS Examination A task list Normal, loud and soft phonation Pitch glide (glissando) Laryngeal diadochokinesis - /i i i/ /hi hi hi/ Cough Normal & deep breathing
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- Gross Observations Glottic Closure Supraglottic hyperfunction Mucus General Appearance Mobility SPPA 6400 Voice Disorders: Tasko
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- SPPA 6400 Voice Disorders Stroboscopic observations Glottic Closure Phase Closure Symmetry Amplitude Mucosal wave Stiffness/nonvibrating portion/adynamic segment Periodicity
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- SPPA 6400 Voice Disorders Example of a VLS evaluation form