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TRANSCRIPT
Instrumented Impact Testing 102015
Mareike Arnold
Pruumlfen mit Verstand
Instrumented Pendulum
Impact Testing for Plastics
Mareike Arnold
testXpo 2015
Instrumented Impact Testing 102015
Mareike Arnold
Agenda
2
Pendulum Impact Testing - Basics
Instrumented Impact Testing
Tests and Curves
Summary
Instrumented Impact Testing 102015
Mareike Arnold
Pendulum Impact Testing - Basics
3
Zwickrsquos HIT series - a complete product range for impact testing
5 Joule ISO
55 25 50 Joule universal digital Dynstat
Instrumentation
Notch cutting machine
Manual notch cutter
Tensile impact
Charpy Izod
Automation
Instrumented Impact Testing 102015
Mareike Arnold
Pendulum Impact Testing - Basics
4
There are four pendulum impact tests standardized
Charpy
ISO 179 ASTM D 6110
IZOD
ISO 180 ASTM D 256
Tensile Impact
Here ISO 8256 method A
Dynstat
DIN 53435
There is only a
standard for
instrumented
Charpy tests
(ISO 179 ndash 2)
Instrumented Impact Testing 102015
Mareike Arnold
Pendulum Impact Testing - Basics
5
Charpy is the recommended test method in the ISO standard
Standards
ISO 179 Part 1 and 2
ASTM D 6110
Notched or not notched
Evaluate type of break optically
ISO standard always use the
biggest possible pendulum hammer
only use 10 to 80 of the pendulum
hammerlsquos energy capability
impact strength normally is
measured in kJmsup2
Instrumented Impact Testing 102015
Mareike Arnold
Pendulum Impact Testing - Basics
6
The conventional impact strength is measured by the drop
height and the mass of the pendulum hammer
h1
h2
E1 = m lowast g lowast h1
E2 = m lowast g lowast h2
E specimen = m lowast g lowast (h1 minus h2)
E ndash energy m ndash mass of the pendulum hammer h ndash height g ndash acceleration of gravity (on earth 981 mssup2)
Instrumented Impact Testing 102015
Mareike Arnold
Pendulum Impact Testing - Basics
7
To characterize the material it is important to know the type of
break
Standardized types of break
N ndash non-break (no valid result)
P ndash partial break
H ndash hinge break
C ndash complete break
The most frequent type of break within a
test series determines the results to be
used in the statistics
N
Instrumented Impact Testing 102015
Mareike Arnold
Pendulum Impact Testing - Basics
8
There is not result without specimen break
Guidance according ISO standards on how to obtain break
1 The preferred method is to use unnotched specimen
2 if no valid break types can be achieved
Use specimen with type 1 notch (025 mm)
3 If still no valid break types can be achieved
Use specimen with type 3 notch (01 mm)
4 If still no valid break types can be achieved
Use the tensile-impact method
1 2 3
4
Instrumented Impact Testing 102015
Mareike Arnold
Agenda
9
Pendulum Impact Testing - Basics
Instrumented Impact Testing
Tests and Curves
Summary
Instrumented Impact Testing 102015
Mareike Arnold
Instrumented Impact Testing
10
Instrumented pendulum testers of the HIT portfolio capture
additional material properties
used in RampD TS and QA
Charpy
Izod
tensile impact
Fracture mechanics
co
nve
ntio
na
l ha
mm
er
instr
um
ente
d h
am
me
r
Instrumented Impact Testing 102015
Mareike Arnold
Instrumented Impact Testing
11
The force-travel diagram provides more detailed materials data
obtained under high deformation rates
119865
∆119904
E ndash energy F ndash force s ndash travel
Es = 119865 lowast 119904 Same energy levels can occur at
high material resistance and low
deformation or with low
resistance and high deformation
Instrumented impact allows to
distinguish such situations while
conventional impact canrsquot
E specimen
E specimen
Instrumented Impact Testing 102015
Mareike Arnold
Instrumented Impact Testing
12
FI ndash First impact
maximum
No contact between
pendulum hammer and
specimen
FM ndash maximum force
sM ndash deflection at
maximum force
Instrumented Impact Testing 102015
Mareike Arnold
Instrumented Impact Testing
13
Zwick developed an automatic recognition of test curve types
according to ISO 179 part 2 in collaboration with Borealis
tough break brittle break splitter break
no break partial break
Complete break types Hinge break
Type of break can be
identified by instrumentation
Automatic classification of
the statistics by the type of
break
Safe and reliable test results
are obtained even with many
operators and in night shifts
Problems in test setup and
specimen handling become
visible and thus also
traceable
Instrumented Impact Testing 102015
Mareike Arnold
Instrumented Impact Testing
14
How does instrumented pendulum
testing work at Zwick
Instrumented Impact Testing 102015
Mareike Arnold
Instrumented Impact Testing
15
To get the energy you need the deformation of the specimen
(s)
119865
∆119904
E specimen = 119865 119904 119889119904
E specimen = 119865 lowast 119904 E ndash energy W ndash work (energy) F ndash force s ndash specimen deformation
The travel s is not directly measured
The following slides show how to
calculate the deflection from the force
signal
E specimen
Instrumented Impact Testing 102015
Mareike Arnold
Instrumented Impact Testing
16
The measurement of force can be performed by two different
systems strain gage or piezoelectric
Instrumentation strain gage piezo
advantage Light weight
high natural frequency
not sensitive towards
position
Acceptable natural
frequency
disadvantage Sensitive towards position Additional surfaces
strain gage
hammer
fin
piezo
Instrumented Impact Testing 102015
Mareike Arnold
Instrumented Impact Testing
17
If the natural frequency of the system is too low the measured
signal will be dithered and the test result is not usable
Instrumented Impact Testing 102015
Mareike Arnold
Instrumented Impact Testing
18
If the resonance frequency of the system is high enough the
typical properties of the specimen are clearly visible
Resonance ge 3 x natural frequency of the specimen
Instrumented Impact Testing 102015
Mareike Arnold
Tests and Curves
19
High enough measurement
system frequency
Instrumented Impact Testing 102015
Mareike Arnold
Instrumented Impact Testing
20
The force ndash time function is measured by instrumentation
119865
119898
E ndash energy t ndash time F ndash force s ndash travel deformation m ndash mass
Instrumented Impact Testing 102015
Mareike Arnold
Instrumented Impact Testing
21
The acceleration (a) is directly related to the force signal The
travel (s) can be obtained by double integration of (a)
119865 = 119898 lowast 119886
119886 = 119865119898
Integration
Integration
F ndash force (measured) m ndash mass of the pendulum hammer a ndash acceleration v ndash velocity s ndash travel t ndash time
Instrumented Impact Testing 102015
Mareike Arnold
E specimen = 119865 119904 119889119904
119886119888119880 119900119903 119873=
119864119904119901119890119888119894119898119890119899
119904119901119890119888119894119898119890119899 119888119903119900119904119904 119904119890119888119905119894119900119899
in 119896119869119898sup2]
Instrumented Impact Testing
22
The resilience (E ) can be obtained by integration of the force-
travel curve
E ndash energy W ndash work (energy) F ndash force s ndash travel deformation
10 mm
4 mm
Instrumented Impact Testing 102015
Mareike Arnold
Agenda
23
Pendulum Impact Testing - Basics
Instrumented Impact Testing
Tests and Curves
Summary
Instrumented Impact Testing 102015
Mareike Arnold
Tests and Curves
24
FI ndash Maximum of inertia
Contact between
pendulum hammer and
specimen breaks off
FM ndash maximum force
sM ndash deflection at
maximum force
Instrumented Impact Testing 102015
Mareike Arnold
Tests and Curves
25
4mm
Instrumented Impact Testing 102015
Mareike Arnold
Tests and Curves
26
Which type of break is shown here
no break
Instrumented Impact Testing 102015
Mareike Arnold
Tests and Curves
27
Which type of break is shown here
brittle break
Instrumented Impact Testing 102015
Mareike Arnold
Tests and Curves
28
Which type of break is shown here
tough break
Instrumented Impact Testing 102015
Mareike Arnold
Tests and Curves
29
Which type of break is shown here
splitter break
Instrumented Impact Testing 102015
Mareike Arnold
Agenda
30
Pendulum Impact Testing - Basics
Instrumented Impact Testing
Tests and Curves
Summary
Instrumented Impact Testing 102015
Mareike Arnold
Summary
31
Zwickrsquos HIT series - a complete product range for impact
testing
Four different test methods are standardized Charpy Izod tensile-impact and
Dynstat
Conventional impact machines determine the resilience as a function of the
angle of raise of the pendulum
Only the Charpy method is standardized as an instrumented method even
though other instrumented methods are technically available (ISO 179 ndash 2)
Additional information on the material properties can be identified by
instrumentation
The type of break can be automatically
detected through instrumented tests
Fracture mechanic behavior can be determined
Instrumented Impact Testing 102015
Mareike Arnold
Agenda
2
Pendulum Impact Testing - Basics
Instrumented Impact Testing
Tests and Curves
Summary
Instrumented Impact Testing 102015
Mareike Arnold
Pendulum Impact Testing - Basics
3
Zwickrsquos HIT series - a complete product range for impact testing
5 Joule ISO
55 25 50 Joule universal digital Dynstat
Instrumentation
Notch cutting machine
Manual notch cutter
Tensile impact
Charpy Izod
Automation
Instrumented Impact Testing 102015
Mareike Arnold
Pendulum Impact Testing - Basics
4
There are four pendulum impact tests standardized
Charpy
ISO 179 ASTM D 6110
IZOD
ISO 180 ASTM D 256
Tensile Impact
Here ISO 8256 method A
Dynstat
DIN 53435
There is only a
standard for
instrumented
Charpy tests
(ISO 179 ndash 2)
Instrumented Impact Testing 102015
Mareike Arnold
Pendulum Impact Testing - Basics
5
Charpy is the recommended test method in the ISO standard
Standards
ISO 179 Part 1 and 2
ASTM D 6110
Notched or not notched
Evaluate type of break optically
ISO standard always use the
biggest possible pendulum hammer
only use 10 to 80 of the pendulum
hammerlsquos energy capability
impact strength normally is
measured in kJmsup2
Instrumented Impact Testing 102015
Mareike Arnold
Pendulum Impact Testing - Basics
6
The conventional impact strength is measured by the drop
height and the mass of the pendulum hammer
h1
h2
E1 = m lowast g lowast h1
E2 = m lowast g lowast h2
E specimen = m lowast g lowast (h1 minus h2)
E ndash energy m ndash mass of the pendulum hammer h ndash height g ndash acceleration of gravity (on earth 981 mssup2)
Instrumented Impact Testing 102015
Mareike Arnold
Pendulum Impact Testing - Basics
7
To characterize the material it is important to know the type of
break
Standardized types of break
N ndash non-break (no valid result)
P ndash partial break
H ndash hinge break
C ndash complete break
The most frequent type of break within a
test series determines the results to be
used in the statistics
N
Instrumented Impact Testing 102015
Mareike Arnold
Pendulum Impact Testing - Basics
8
There is not result without specimen break
Guidance according ISO standards on how to obtain break
1 The preferred method is to use unnotched specimen
2 if no valid break types can be achieved
Use specimen with type 1 notch (025 mm)
3 If still no valid break types can be achieved
Use specimen with type 3 notch (01 mm)
4 If still no valid break types can be achieved
Use the tensile-impact method
1 2 3
4
Instrumented Impact Testing 102015
Mareike Arnold
Agenda
9
Pendulum Impact Testing - Basics
Instrumented Impact Testing
Tests and Curves
Summary
Instrumented Impact Testing 102015
Mareike Arnold
Instrumented Impact Testing
10
Instrumented pendulum testers of the HIT portfolio capture
additional material properties
used in RampD TS and QA
Charpy
Izod
tensile impact
Fracture mechanics
co
nve
ntio
na
l ha
mm
er
instr
um
ente
d h
am
me
r
Instrumented Impact Testing 102015
Mareike Arnold
Instrumented Impact Testing
11
The force-travel diagram provides more detailed materials data
obtained under high deformation rates
119865
∆119904
E ndash energy F ndash force s ndash travel
Es = 119865 lowast 119904 Same energy levels can occur at
high material resistance and low
deformation or with low
resistance and high deformation
Instrumented impact allows to
distinguish such situations while
conventional impact canrsquot
E specimen
E specimen
Instrumented Impact Testing 102015
Mareike Arnold
Instrumented Impact Testing
12
FI ndash First impact
maximum
No contact between
pendulum hammer and
specimen
FM ndash maximum force
sM ndash deflection at
maximum force
Instrumented Impact Testing 102015
Mareike Arnold
Instrumented Impact Testing
13
Zwick developed an automatic recognition of test curve types
according to ISO 179 part 2 in collaboration with Borealis
tough break brittle break splitter break
no break partial break
Complete break types Hinge break
Type of break can be
identified by instrumentation
Automatic classification of
the statistics by the type of
break
Safe and reliable test results
are obtained even with many
operators and in night shifts
Problems in test setup and
specimen handling become
visible and thus also
traceable
Instrumented Impact Testing 102015
Mareike Arnold
Instrumented Impact Testing
14
How does instrumented pendulum
testing work at Zwick
Instrumented Impact Testing 102015
Mareike Arnold
Instrumented Impact Testing
15
To get the energy you need the deformation of the specimen
(s)
119865
∆119904
E specimen = 119865 119904 119889119904
E specimen = 119865 lowast 119904 E ndash energy W ndash work (energy) F ndash force s ndash specimen deformation
The travel s is not directly measured
The following slides show how to
calculate the deflection from the force
signal
E specimen
Instrumented Impact Testing 102015
Mareike Arnold
Instrumented Impact Testing
16
The measurement of force can be performed by two different
systems strain gage or piezoelectric
Instrumentation strain gage piezo
advantage Light weight
high natural frequency
not sensitive towards
position
Acceptable natural
frequency
disadvantage Sensitive towards position Additional surfaces
strain gage
hammer
fin
piezo
Instrumented Impact Testing 102015
Mareike Arnold
Instrumented Impact Testing
17
If the natural frequency of the system is too low the measured
signal will be dithered and the test result is not usable
Instrumented Impact Testing 102015
Mareike Arnold
Instrumented Impact Testing
18
If the resonance frequency of the system is high enough the
typical properties of the specimen are clearly visible
Resonance ge 3 x natural frequency of the specimen
Instrumented Impact Testing 102015
Mareike Arnold
Tests and Curves
19
High enough measurement
system frequency
Instrumented Impact Testing 102015
Mareike Arnold
Instrumented Impact Testing
20
The force ndash time function is measured by instrumentation
119865
119898
E ndash energy t ndash time F ndash force s ndash travel deformation m ndash mass
Instrumented Impact Testing 102015
Mareike Arnold
Instrumented Impact Testing
21
The acceleration (a) is directly related to the force signal The
travel (s) can be obtained by double integration of (a)
119865 = 119898 lowast 119886
119886 = 119865119898
Integration
Integration
F ndash force (measured) m ndash mass of the pendulum hammer a ndash acceleration v ndash velocity s ndash travel t ndash time
Instrumented Impact Testing 102015
Mareike Arnold
E specimen = 119865 119904 119889119904
119886119888119880 119900119903 119873=
119864119904119901119890119888119894119898119890119899
119904119901119890119888119894119898119890119899 119888119903119900119904119904 119904119890119888119905119894119900119899
in 119896119869119898sup2]
Instrumented Impact Testing
22
The resilience (E ) can be obtained by integration of the force-
travel curve
E ndash energy W ndash work (energy) F ndash force s ndash travel deformation
10 mm
4 mm
Instrumented Impact Testing 102015
Mareike Arnold
Agenda
23
Pendulum Impact Testing - Basics
Instrumented Impact Testing
Tests and Curves
Summary
Instrumented Impact Testing 102015
Mareike Arnold
Tests and Curves
24
FI ndash Maximum of inertia
Contact between
pendulum hammer and
specimen breaks off
FM ndash maximum force
sM ndash deflection at
maximum force
Instrumented Impact Testing 102015
Mareike Arnold
Tests and Curves
25
4mm
Instrumented Impact Testing 102015
Mareike Arnold
Tests and Curves
26
Which type of break is shown here
no break
Instrumented Impact Testing 102015
Mareike Arnold
Tests and Curves
27
Which type of break is shown here
brittle break
Instrumented Impact Testing 102015
Mareike Arnold
Tests and Curves
28
Which type of break is shown here
tough break
Instrumented Impact Testing 102015
Mareike Arnold
Tests and Curves
29
Which type of break is shown here
splitter break
Instrumented Impact Testing 102015
Mareike Arnold
Agenda
30
Pendulum Impact Testing - Basics
Instrumented Impact Testing
Tests and Curves
Summary
Instrumented Impact Testing 102015
Mareike Arnold
Summary
31
Zwickrsquos HIT series - a complete product range for impact
testing
Four different test methods are standardized Charpy Izod tensile-impact and
Dynstat
Conventional impact machines determine the resilience as a function of the
angle of raise of the pendulum
Only the Charpy method is standardized as an instrumented method even
though other instrumented methods are technically available (ISO 179 ndash 2)
Additional information on the material properties can be identified by
instrumentation
The type of break can be automatically
detected through instrumented tests
Fracture mechanic behavior can be determined
Instrumented Impact Testing 102015
Mareike Arnold
Pendulum Impact Testing - Basics
3
Zwickrsquos HIT series - a complete product range for impact testing
5 Joule ISO
55 25 50 Joule universal digital Dynstat
Instrumentation
Notch cutting machine
Manual notch cutter
Tensile impact
Charpy Izod
Automation
Instrumented Impact Testing 102015
Mareike Arnold
Pendulum Impact Testing - Basics
4
There are four pendulum impact tests standardized
Charpy
ISO 179 ASTM D 6110
IZOD
ISO 180 ASTM D 256
Tensile Impact
Here ISO 8256 method A
Dynstat
DIN 53435
There is only a
standard for
instrumented
Charpy tests
(ISO 179 ndash 2)
Instrumented Impact Testing 102015
Mareike Arnold
Pendulum Impact Testing - Basics
5
Charpy is the recommended test method in the ISO standard
Standards
ISO 179 Part 1 and 2
ASTM D 6110
Notched or not notched
Evaluate type of break optically
ISO standard always use the
biggest possible pendulum hammer
only use 10 to 80 of the pendulum
hammerlsquos energy capability
impact strength normally is
measured in kJmsup2
Instrumented Impact Testing 102015
Mareike Arnold
Pendulum Impact Testing - Basics
6
The conventional impact strength is measured by the drop
height and the mass of the pendulum hammer
h1
h2
E1 = m lowast g lowast h1
E2 = m lowast g lowast h2
E specimen = m lowast g lowast (h1 minus h2)
E ndash energy m ndash mass of the pendulum hammer h ndash height g ndash acceleration of gravity (on earth 981 mssup2)
Instrumented Impact Testing 102015
Mareike Arnold
Pendulum Impact Testing - Basics
7
To characterize the material it is important to know the type of
break
Standardized types of break
N ndash non-break (no valid result)
P ndash partial break
H ndash hinge break
C ndash complete break
The most frequent type of break within a
test series determines the results to be
used in the statistics
N
Instrumented Impact Testing 102015
Mareike Arnold
Pendulum Impact Testing - Basics
8
There is not result without specimen break
Guidance according ISO standards on how to obtain break
1 The preferred method is to use unnotched specimen
2 if no valid break types can be achieved
Use specimen with type 1 notch (025 mm)
3 If still no valid break types can be achieved
Use specimen with type 3 notch (01 mm)
4 If still no valid break types can be achieved
Use the tensile-impact method
1 2 3
4
Instrumented Impact Testing 102015
Mareike Arnold
Agenda
9
Pendulum Impact Testing - Basics
Instrumented Impact Testing
Tests and Curves
Summary
Instrumented Impact Testing 102015
Mareike Arnold
Instrumented Impact Testing
10
Instrumented pendulum testers of the HIT portfolio capture
additional material properties
used in RampD TS and QA
Charpy
Izod
tensile impact
Fracture mechanics
co
nve
ntio
na
l ha
mm
er
instr
um
ente
d h
am
me
r
Instrumented Impact Testing 102015
Mareike Arnold
Instrumented Impact Testing
11
The force-travel diagram provides more detailed materials data
obtained under high deformation rates
119865
∆119904
E ndash energy F ndash force s ndash travel
Es = 119865 lowast 119904 Same energy levels can occur at
high material resistance and low
deformation or with low
resistance and high deformation
Instrumented impact allows to
distinguish such situations while
conventional impact canrsquot
E specimen
E specimen
Instrumented Impact Testing 102015
Mareike Arnold
Instrumented Impact Testing
12
FI ndash First impact
maximum
No contact between
pendulum hammer and
specimen
FM ndash maximum force
sM ndash deflection at
maximum force
Instrumented Impact Testing 102015
Mareike Arnold
Instrumented Impact Testing
13
Zwick developed an automatic recognition of test curve types
according to ISO 179 part 2 in collaboration with Borealis
tough break brittle break splitter break
no break partial break
Complete break types Hinge break
Type of break can be
identified by instrumentation
Automatic classification of
the statistics by the type of
break
Safe and reliable test results
are obtained even with many
operators and in night shifts
Problems in test setup and
specimen handling become
visible and thus also
traceable
Instrumented Impact Testing 102015
Mareike Arnold
Instrumented Impact Testing
14
How does instrumented pendulum
testing work at Zwick
Instrumented Impact Testing 102015
Mareike Arnold
Instrumented Impact Testing
15
To get the energy you need the deformation of the specimen
(s)
119865
∆119904
E specimen = 119865 119904 119889119904
E specimen = 119865 lowast 119904 E ndash energy W ndash work (energy) F ndash force s ndash specimen deformation
The travel s is not directly measured
The following slides show how to
calculate the deflection from the force
signal
E specimen
Instrumented Impact Testing 102015
Mareike Arnold
Instrumented Impact Testing
16
The measurement of force can be performed by two different
systems strain gage or piezoelectric
Instrumentation strain gage piezo
advantage Light weight
high natural frequency
not sensitive towards
position
Acceptable natural
frequency
disadvantage Sensitive towards position Additional surfaces
strain gage
hammer
fin
piezo
Instrumented Impact Testing 102015
Mareike Arnold
Instrumented Impact Testing
17
If the natural frequency of the system is too low the measured
signal will be dithered and the test result is not usable
Instrumented Impact Testing 102015
Mareike Arnold
Instrumented Impact Testing
18
If the resonance frequency of the system is high enough the
typical properties of the specimen are clearly visible
Resonance ge 3 x natural frequency of the specimen
Instrumented Impact Testing 102015
Mareike Arnold
Tests and Curves
19
High enough measurement
system frequency
Instrumented Impact Testing 102015
Mareike Arnold
Instrumented Impact Testing
20
The force ndash time function is measured by instrumentation
119865
119898
E ndash energy t ndash time F ndash force s ndash travel deformation m ndash mass
Instrumented Impact Testing 102015
Mareike Arnold
Instrumented Impact Testing
21
The acceleration (a) is directly related to the force signal The
travel (s) can be obtained by double integration of (a)
119865 = 119898 lowast 119886
119886 = 119865119898
Integration
Integration
F ndash force (measured) m ndash mass of the pendulum hammer a ndash acceleration v ndash velocity s ndash travel t ndash time
Instrumented Impact Testing 102015
Mareike Arnold
E specimen = 119865 119904 119889119904
119886119888119880 119900119903 119873=
119864119904119901119890119888119894119898119890119899
119904119901119890119888119894119898119890119899 119888119903119900119904119904 119904119890119888119905119894119900119899
in 119896119869119898sup2]
Instrumented Impact Testing
22
The resilience (E ) can be obtained by integration of the force-
travel curve
E ndash energy W ndash work (energy) F ndash force s ndash travel deformation
10 mm
4 mm
Instrumented Impact Testing 102015
Mareike Arnold
Agenda
23
Pendulum Impact Testing - Basics
Instrumented Impact Testing
Tests and Curves
Summary
Instrumented Impact Testing 102015
Mareike Arnold
Tests and Curves
24
FI ndash Maximum of inertia
Contact between
pendulum hammer and
specimen breaks off
FM ndash maximum force
sM ndash deflection at
maximum force
Instrumented Impact Testing 102015
Mareike Arnold
Tests and Curves
25
4mm
Instrumented Impact Testing 102015
Mareike Arnold
Tests and Curves
26
Which type of break is shown here
no break
Instrumented Impact Testing 102015
Mareike Arnold
Tests and Curves
27
Which type of break is shown here
brittle break
Instrumented Impact Testing 102015
Mareike Arnold
Tests and Curves
28
Which type of break is shown here
tough break
Instrumented Impact Testing 102015
Mareike Arnold
Tests and Curves
29
Which type of break is shown here
splitter break
Instrumented Impact Testing 102015
Mareike Arnold
Agenda
30
Pendulum Impact Testing - Basics
Instrumented Impact Testing
Tests and Curves
Summary
Instrumented Impact Testing 102015
Mareike Arnold
Summary
31
Zwickrsquos HIT series - a complete product range for impact
testing
Four different test methods are standardized Charpy Izod tensile-impact and
Dynstat
Conventional impact machines determine the resilience as a function of the
angle of raise of the pendulum
Only the Charpy method is standardized as an instrumented method even
though other instrumented methods are technically available (ISO 179 ndash 2)
Additional information on the material properties can be identified by
instrumentation
The type of break can be automatically
detected through instrumented tests
Fracture mechanic behavior can be determined
Instrumented Impact Testing 102015
Mareike Arnold
Pendulum Impact Testing - Basics
4
There are four pendulum impact tests standardized
Charpy
ISO 179 ASTM D 6110
IZOD
ISO 180 ASTM D 256
Tensile Impact
Here ISO 8256 method A
Dynstat
DIN 53435
There is only a
standard for
instrumented
Charpy tests
(ISO 179 ndash 2)
Instrumented Impact Testing 102015
Mareike Arnold
Pendulum Impact Testing - Basics
5
Charpy is the recommended test method in the ISO standard
Standards
ISO 179 Part 1 and 2
ASTM D 6110
Notched or not notched
Evaluate type of break optically
ISO standard always use the
biggest possible pendulum hammer
only use 10 to 80 of the pendulum
hammerlsquos energy capability
impact strength normally is
measured in kJmsup2
Instrumented Impact Testing 102015
Mareike Arnold
Pendulum Impact Testing - Basics
6
The conventional impact strength is measured by the drop
height and the mass of the pendulum hammer
h1
h2
E1 = m lowast g lowast h1
E2 = m lowast g lowast h2
E specimen = m lowast g lowast (h1 minus h2)
E ndash energy m ndash mass of the pendulum hammer h ndash height g ndash acceleration of gravity (on earth 981 mssup2)
Instrumented Impact Testing 102015
Mareike Arnold
Pendulum Impact Testing - Basics
7
To characterize the material it is important to know the type of
break
Standardized types of break
N ndash non-break (no valid result)
P ndash partial break
H ndash hinge break
C ndash complete break
The most frequent type of break within a
test series determines the results to be
used in the statistics
N
Instrumented Impact Testing 102015
Mareike Arnold
Pendulum Impact Testing - Basics
8
There is not result without specimen break
Guidance according ISO standards on how to obtain break
1 The preferred method is to use unnotched specimen
2 if no valid break types can be achieved
Use specimen with type 1 notch (025 mm)
3 If still no valid break types can be achieved
Use specimen with type 3 notch (01 mm)
4 If still no valid break types can be achieved
Use the tensile-impact method
1 2 3
4
Instrumented Impact Testing 102015
Mareike Arnold
Agenda
9
Pendulum Impact Testing - Basics
Instrumented Impact Testing
Tests and Curves
Summary
Instrumented Impact Testing 102015
Mareike Arnold
Instrumented Impact Testing
10
Instrumented pendulum testers of the HIT portfolio capture
additional material properties
used in RampD TS and QA
Charpy
Izod
tensile impact
Fracture mechanics
co
nve
ntio
na
l ha
mm
er
instr
um
ente
d h
am
me
r
Instrumented Impact Testing 102015
Mareike Arnold
Instrumented Impact Testing
11
The force-travel diagram provides more detailed materials data
obtained under high deformation rates
119865
∆119904
E ndash energy F ndash force s ndash travel
Es = 119865 lowast 119904 Same energy levels can occur at
high material resistance and low
deformation or with low
resistance and high deformation
Instrumented impact allows to
distinguish such situations while
conventional impact canrsquot
E specimen
E specimen
Instrumented Impact Testing 102015
Mareike Arnold
Instrumented Impact Testing
12
FI ndash First impact
maximum
No contact between
pendulum hammer and
specimen
FM ndash maximum force
sM ndash deflection at
maximum force
Instrumented Impact Testing 102015
Mareike Arnold
Instrumented Impact Testing
13
Zwick developed an automatic recognition of test curve types
according to ISO 179 part 2 in collaboration with Borealis
tough break brittle break splitter break
no break partial break
Complete break types Hinge break
Type of break can be
identified by instrumentation
Automatic classification of
the statistics by the type of
break
Safe and reliable test results
are obtained even with many
operators and in night shifts
Problems in test setup and
specimen handling become
visible and thus also
traceable
Instrumented Impact Testing 102015
Mareike Arnold
Instrumented Impact Testing
14
How does instrumented pendulum
testing work at Zwick
Instrumented Impact Testing 102015
Mareike Arnold
Instrumented Impact Testing
15
To get the energy you need the deformation of the specimen
(s)
119865
∆119904
E specimen = 119865 119904 119889119904
E specimen = 119865 lowast 119904 E ndash energy W ndash work (energy) F ndash force s ndash specimen deformation
The travel s is not directly measured
The following slides show how to
calculate the deflection from the force
signal
E specimen
Instrumented Impact Testing 102015
Mareike Arnold
Instrumented Impact Testing
16
The measurement of force can be performed by two different
systems strain gage or piezoelectric
Instrumentation strain gage piezo
advantage Light weight
high natural frequency
not sensitive towards
position
Acceptable natural
frequency
disadvantage Sensitive towards position Additional surfaces
strain gage
hammer
fin
piezo
Instrumented Impact Testing 102015
Mareike Arnold
Instrumented Impact Testing
17
If the natural frequency of the system is too low the measured
signal will be dithered and the test result is not usable
Instrumented Impact Testing 102015
Mareike Arnold
Instrumented Impact Testing
18
If the resonance frequency of the system is high enough the
typical properties of the specimen are clearly visible
Resonance ge 3 x natural frequency of the specimen
Instrumented Impact Testing 102015
Mareike Arnold
Tests and Curves
19
High enough measurement
system frequency
Instrumented Impact Testing 102015
Mareike Arnold
Instrumented Impact Testing
20
The force ndash time function is measured by instrumentation
119865
119898
E ndash energy t ndash time F ndash force s ndash travel deformation m ndash mass
Instrumented Impact Testing 102015
Mareike Arnold
Instrumented Impact Testing
21
The acceleration (a) is directly related to the force signal The
travel (s) can be obtained by double integration of (a)
119865 = 119898 lowast 119886
119886 = 119865119898
Integration
Integration
F ndash force (measured) m ndash mass of the pendulum hammer a ndash acceleration v ndash velocity s ndash travel t ndash time
Instrumented Impact Testing 102015
Mareike Arnold
E specimen = 119865 119904 119889119904
119886119888119880 119900119903 119873=
119864119904119901119890119888119894119898119890119899
119904119901119890119888119894119898119890119899 119888119903119900119904119904 119904119890119888119905119894119900119899
in 119896119869119898sup2]
Instrumented Impact Testing
22
The resilience (E ) can be obtained by integration of the force-
travel curve
E ndash energy W ndash work (energy) F ndash force s ndash travel deformation
10 mm
4 mm
Instrumented Impact Testing 102015
Mareike Arnold
Agenda
23
Pendulum Impact Testing - Basics
Instrumented Impact Testing
Tests and Curves
Summary
Instrumented Impact Testing 102015
Mareike Arnold
Tests and Curves
24
FI ndash Maximum of inertia
Contact between
pendulum hammer and
specimen breaks off
FM ndash maximum force
sM ndash deflection at
maximum force
Instrumented Impact Testing 102015
Mareike Arnold
Tests and Curves
25
4mm
Instrumented Impact Testing 102015
Mareike Arnold
Tests and Curves
26
Which type of break is shown here
no break
Instrumented Impact Testing 102015
Mareike Arnold
Tests and Curves
27
Which type of break is shown here
brittle break
Instrumented Impact Testing 102015
Mareike Arnold
Tests and Curves
28
Which type of break is shown here
tough break
Instrumented Impact Testing 102015
Mareike Arnold
Tests and Curves
29
Which type of break is shown here
splitter break
Instrumented Impact Testing 102015
Mareike Arnold
Agenda
30
Pendulum Impact Testing - Basics
Instrumented Impact Testing
Tests and Curves
Summary
Instrumented Impact Testing 102015
Mareike Arnold
Summary
31
Zwickrsquos HIT series - a complete product range for impact
testing
Four different test methods are standardized Charpy Izod tensile-impact and
Dynstat
Conventional impact machines determine the resilience as a function of the
angle of raise of the pendulum
Only the Charpy method is standardized as an instrumented method even
though other instrumented methods are technically available (ISO 179 ndash 2)
Additional information on the material properties can be identified by
instrumentation
The type of break can be automatically
detected through instrumented tests
Fracture mechanic behavior can be determined
Instrumented Impact Testing 102015
Mareike Arnold
Pendulum Impact Testing - Basics
5
Charpy is the recommended test method in the ISO standard
Standards
ISO 179 Part 1 and 2
ASTM D 6110
Notched or not notched
Evaluate type of break optically
ISO standard always use the
biggest possible pendulum hammer
only use 10 to 80 of the pendulum
hammerlsquos energy capability
impact strength normally is
measured in kJmsup2
Instrumented Impact Testing 102015
Mareike Arnold
Pendulum Impact Testing - Basics
6
The conventional impact strength is measured by the drop
height and the mass of the pendulum hammer
h1
h2
E1 = m lowast g lowast h1
E2 = m lowast g lowast h2
E specimen = m lowast g lowast (h1 minus h2)
E ndash energy m ndash mass of the pendulum hammer h ndash height g ndash acceleration of gravity (on earth 981 mssup2)
Instrumented Impact Testing 102015
Mareike Arnold
Pendulum Impact Testing - Basics
7
To characterize the material it is important to know the type of
break
Standardized types of break
N ndash non-break (no valid result)
P ndash partial break
H ndash hinge break
C ndash complete break
The most frequent type of break within a
test series determines the results to be
used in the statistics
N
Instrumented Impact Testing 102015
Mareike Arnold
Pendulum Impact Testing - Basics
8
There is not result without specimen break
Guidance according ISO standards on how to obtain break
1 The preferred method is to use unnotched specimen
2 if no valid break types can be achieved
Use specimen with type 1 notch (025 mm)
3 If still no valid break types can be achieved
Use specimen with type 3 notch (01 mm)
4 If still no valid break types can be achieved
Use the tensile-impact method
1 2 3
4
Instrumented Impact Testing 102015
Mareike Arnold
Agenda
9
Pendulum Impact Testing - Basics
Instrumented Impact Testing
Tests and Curves
Summary
Instrumented Impact Testing 102015
Mareike Arnold
Instrumented Impact Testing
10
Instrumented pendulum testers of the HIT portfolio capture
additional material properties
used in RampD TS and QA
Charpy
Izod
tensile impact
Fracture mechanics
co
nve
ntio
na
l ha
mm
er
instr
um
ente
d h
am
me
r
Instrumented Impact Testing 102015
Mareike Arnold
Instrumented Impact Testing
11
The force-travel diagram provides more detailed materials data
obtained under high deformation rates
119865
∆119904
E ndash energy F ndash force s ndash travel
Es = 119865 lowast 119904 Same energy levels can occur at
high material resistance and low
deformation or with low
resistance and high deformation
Instrumented impact allows to
distinguish such situations while
conventional impact canrsquot
E specimen
E specimen
Instrumented Impact Testing 102015
Mareike Arnold
Instrumented Impact Testing
12
FI ndash First impact
maximum
No contact between
pendulum hammer and
specimen
FM ndash maximum force
sM ndash deflection at
maximum force
Instrumented Impact Testing 102015
Mareike Arnold
Instrumented Impact Testing
13
Zwick developed an automatic recognition of test curve types
according to ISO 179 part 2 in collaboration with Borealis
tough break brittle break splitter break
no break partial break
Complete break types Hinge break
Type of break can be
identified by instrumentation
Automatic classification of
the statistics by the type of
break
Safe and reliable test results
are obtained even with many
operators and in night shifts
Problems in test setup and
specimen handling become
visible and thus also
traceable
Instrumented Impact Testing 102015
Mareike Arnold
Instrumented Impact Testing
14
How does instrumented pendulum
testing work at Zwick
Instrumented Impact Testing 102015
Mareike Arnold
Instrumented Impact Testing
15
To get the energy you need the deformation of the specimen
(s)
119865
∆119904
E specimen = 119865 119904 119889119904
E specimen = 119865 lowast 119904 E ndash energy W ndash work (energy) F ndash force s ndash specimen deformation
The travel s is not directly measured
The following slides show how to
calculate the deflection from the force
signal
E specimen
Instrumented Impact Testing 102015
Mareike Arnold
Instrumented Impact Testing
16
The measurement of force can be performed by two different
systems strain gage or piezoelectric
Instrumentation strain gage piezo
advantage Light weight
high natural frequency
not sensitive towards
position
Acceptable natural
frequency
disadvantage Sensitive towards position Additional surfaces
strain gage
hammer
fin
piezo
Instrumented Impact Testing 102015
Mareike Arnold
Instrumented Impact Testing
17
If the natural frequency of the system is too low the measured
signal will be dithered and the test result is not usable
Instrumented Impact Testing 102015
Mareike Arnold
Instrumented Impact Testing
18
If the resonance frequency of the system is high enough the
typical properties of the specimen are clearly visible
Resonance ge 3 x natural frequency of the specimen
Instrumented Impact Testing 102015
Mareike Arnold
Tests and Curves
19
High enough measurement
system frequency
Instrumented Impact Testing 102015
Mareike Arnold
Instrumented Impact Testing
20
The force ndash time function is measured by instrumentation
119865
119898
E ndash energy t ndash time F ndash force s ndash travel deformation m ndash mass
Instrumented Impact Testing 102015
Mareike Arnold
Instrumented Impact Testing
21
The acceleration (a) is directly related to the force signal The
travel (s) can be obtained by double integration of (a)
119865 = 119898 lowast 119886
119886 = 119865119898
Integration
Integration
F ndash force (measured) m ndash mass of the pendulum hammer a ndash acceleration v ndash velocity s ndash travel t ndash time
Instrumented Impact Testing 102015
Mareike Arnold
E specimen = 119865 119904 119889119904
119886119888119880 119900119903 119873=
119864119904119901119890119888119894119898119890119899
119904119901119890119888119894119898119890119899 119888119903119900119904119904 119904119890119888119905119894119900119899
in 119896119869119898sup2]
Instrumented Impact Testing
22
The resilience (E ) can be obtained by integration of the force-
travel curve
E ndash energy W ndash work (energy) F ndash force s ndash travel deformation
10 mm
4 mm
Instrumented Impact Testing 102015
Mareike Arnold
Agenda
23
Pendulum Impact Testing - Basics
Instrumented Impact Testing
Tests and Curves
Summary
Instrumented Impact Testing 102015
Mareike Arnold
Tests and Curves
24
FI ndash Maximum of inertia
Contact between
pendulum hammer and
specimen breaks off
FM ndash maximum force
sM ndash deflection at
maximum force
Instrumented Impact Testing 102015
Mareike Arnold
Tests and Curves
25
4mm
Instrumented Impact Testing 102015
Mareike Arnold
Tests and Curves
26
Which type of break is shown here
no break
Instrumented Impact Testing 102015
Mareike Arnold
Tests and Curves
27
Which type of break is shown here
brittle break
Instrumented Impact Testing 102015
Mareike Arnold
Tests and Curves
28
Which type of break is shown here
tough break
Instrumented Impact Testing 102015
Mareike Arnold
Tests and Curves
29
Which type of break is shown here
splitter break
Instrumented Impact Testing 102015
Mareike Arnold
Agenda
30
Pendulum Impact Testing - Basics
Instrumented Impact Testing
Tests and Curves
Summary
Instrumented Impact Testing 102015
Mareike Arnold
Summary
31
Zwickrsquos HIT series - a complete product range for impact
testing
Four different test methods are standardized Charpy Izod tensile-impact and
Dynstat
Conventional impact machines determine the resilience as a function of the
angle of raise of the pendulum
Only the Charpy method is standardized as an instrumented method even
though other instrumented methods are technically available (ISO 179 ndash 2)
Additional information on the material properties can be identified by
instrumentation
The type of break can be automatically
detected through instrumented tests
Fracture mechanic behavior can be determined
Instrumented Impact Testing 102015
Mareike Arnold
Pendulum Impact Testing - Basics
6
The conventional impact strength is measured by the drop
height and the mass of the pendulum hammer
h1
h2
E1 = m lowast g lowast h1
E2 = m lowast g lowast h2
E specimen = m lowast g lowast (h1 minus h2)
E ndash energy m ndash mass of the pendulum hammer h ndash height g ndash acceleration of gravity (on earth 981 mssup2)
Instrumented Impact Testing 102015
Mareike Arnold
Pendulum Impact Testing - Basics
7
To characterize the material it is important to know the type of
break
Standardized types of break
N ndash non-break (no valid result)
P ndash partial break
H ndash hinge break
C ndash complete break
The most frequent type of break within a
test series determines the results to be
used in the statistics
N
Instrumented Impact Testing 102015
Mareike Arnold
Pendulum Impact Testing - Basics
8
There is not result without specimen break
Guidance according ISO standards on how to obtain break
1 The preferred method is to use unnotched specimen
2 if no valid break types can be achieved
Use specimen with type 1 notch (025 mm)
3 If still no valid break types can be achieved
Use specimen with type 3 notch (01 mm)
4 If still no valid break types can be achieved
Use the tensile-impact method
1 2 3
4
Instrumented Impact Testing 102015
Mareike Arnold
Agenda
9
Pendulum Impact Testing - Basics
Instrumented Impact Testing
Tests and Curves
Summary
Instrumented Impact Testing 102015
Mareike Arnold
Instrumented Impact Testing
10
Instrumented pendulum testers of the HIT portfolio capture
additional material properties
used in RampD TS and QA
Charpy
Izod
tensile impact
Fracture mechanics
co
nve
ntio
na
l ha
mm
er
instr
um
ente
d h
am
me
r
Instrumented Impact Testing 102015
Mareike Arnold
Instrumented Impact Testing
11
The force-travel diagram provides more detailed materials data
obtained under high deformation rates
119865
∆119904
E ndash energy F ndash force s ndash travel
Es = 119865 lowast 119904 Same energy levels can occur at
high material resistance and low
deformation or with low
resistance and high deformation
Instrumented impact allows to
distinguish such situations while
conventional impact canrsquot
E specimen
E specimen
Instrumented Impact Testing 102015
Mareike Arnold
Instrumented Impact Testing
12
FI ndash First impact
maximum
No contact between
pendulum hammer and
specimen
FM ndash maximum force
sM ndash deflection at
maximum force
Instrumented Impact Testing 102015
Mareike Arnold
Instrumented Impact Testing
13
Zwick developed an automatic recognition of test curve types
according to ISO 179 part 2 in collaboration with Borealis
tough break brittle break splitter break
no break partial break
Complete break types Hinge break
Type of break can be
identified by instrumentation
Automatic classification of
the statistics by the type of
break
Safe and reliable test results
are obtained even with many
operators and in night shifts
Problems in test setup and
specimen handling become
visible and thus also
traceable
Instrumented Impact Testing 102015
Mareike Arnold
Instrumented Impact Testing
14
How does instrumented pendulum
testing work at Zwick
Instrumented Impact Testing 102015
Mareike Arnold
Instrumented Impact Testing
15
To get the energy you need the deformation of the specimen
(s)
119865
∆119904
E specimen = 119865 119904 119889119904
E specimen = 119865 lowast 119904 E ndash energy W ndash work (energy) F ndash force s ndash specimen deformation
The travel s is not directly measured
The following slides show how to
calculate the deflection from the force
signal
E specimen
Instrumented Impact Testing 102015
Mareike Arnold
Instrumented Impact Testing
16
The measurement of force can be performed by two different
systems strain gage or piezoelectric
Instrumentation strain gage piezo
advantage Light weight
high natural frequency
not sensitive towards
position
Acceptable natural
frequency
disadvantage Sensitive towards position Additional surfaces
strain gage
hammer
fin
piezo
Instrumented Impact Testing 102015
Mareike Arnold
Instrumented Impact Testing
17
If the natural frequency of the system is too low the measured
signal will be dithered and the test result is not usable
Instrumented Impact Testing 102015
Mareike Arnold
Instrumented Impact Testing
18
If the resonance frequency of the system is high enough the
typical properties of the specimen are clearly visible
Resonance ge 3 x natural frequency of the specimen
Instrumented Impact Testing 102015
Mareike Arnold
Tests and Curves
19
High enough measurement
system frequency
Instrumented Impact Testing 102015
Mareike Arnold
Instrumented Impact Testing
20
The force ndash time function is measured by instrumentation
119865
119898
E ndash energy t ndash time F ndash force s ndash travel deformation m ndash mass
Instrumented Impact Testing 102015
Mareike Arnold
Instrumented Impact Testing
21
The acceleration (a) is directly related to the force signal The
travel (s) can be obtained by double integration of (a)
119865 = 119898 lowast 119886
119886 = 119865119898
Integration
Integration
F ndash force (measured) m ndash mass of the pendulum hammer a ndash acceleration v ndash velocity s ndash travel t ndash time
Instrumented Impact Testing 102015
Mareike Arnold
E specimen = 119865 119904 119889119904
119886119888119880 119900119903 119873=
119864119904119901119890119888119894119898119890119899
119904119901119890119888119894119898119890119899 119888119903119900119904119904 119904119890119888119905119894119900119899
in 119896119869119898sup2]
Instrumented Impact Testing
22
The resilience (E ) can be obtained by integration of the force-
travel curve
E ndash energy W ndash work (energy) F ndash force s ndash travel deformation
10 mm
4 mm
Instrumented Impact Testing 102015
Mareike Arnold
Agenda
23
Pendulum Impact Testing - Basics
Instrumented Impact Testing
Tests and Curves
Summary
Instrumented Impact Testing 102015
Mareike Arnold
Tests and Curves
24
FI ndash Maximum of inertia
Contact between
pendulum hammer and
specimen breaks off
FM ndash maximum force
sM ndash deflection at
maximum force
Instrumented Impact Testing 102015
Mareike Arnold
Tests and Curves
25
4mm
Instrumented Impact Testing 102015
Mareike Arnold
Tests and Curves
26
Which type of break is shown here
no break
Instrumented Impact Testing 102015
Mareike Arnold
Tests and Curves
27
Which type of break is shown here
brittle break
Instrumented Impact Testing 102015
Mareike Arnold
Tests and Curves
28
Which type of break is shown here
tough break
Instrumented Impact Testing 102015
Mareike Arnold
Tests and Curves
29
Which type of break is shown here
splitter break
Instrumented Impact Testing 102015
Mareike Arnold
Agenda
30
Pendulum Impact Testing - Basics
Instrumented Impact Testing
Tests and Curves
Summary
Instrumented Impact Testing 102015
Mareike Arnold
Summary
31
Zwickrsquos HIT series - a complete product range for impact
testing
Four different test methods are standardized Charpy Izod tensile-impact and
Dynstat
Conventional impact machines determine the resilience as a function of the
angle of raise of the pendulum
Only the Charpy method is standardized as an instrumented method even
though other instrumented methods are technically available (ISO 179 ndash 2)
Additional information on the material properties can be identified by
instrumentation
The type of break can be automatically
detected through instrumented tests
Fracture mechanic behavior can be determined
Instrumented Impact Testing 102015
Mareike Arnold
Pendulum Impact Testing - Basics
7
To characterize the material it is important to know the type of
break
Standardized types of break
N ndash non-break (no valid result)
P ndash partial break
H ndash hinge break
C ndash complete break
The most frequent type of break within a
test series determines the results to be
used in the statistics
N
Instrumented Impact Testing 102015
Mareike Arnold
Pendulum Impact Testing - Basics
8
There is not result without specimen break
Guidance according ISO standards on how to obtain break
1 The preferred method is to use unnotched specimen
2 if no valid break types can be achieved
Use specimen with type 1 notch (025 mm)
3 If still no valid break types can be achieved
Use specimen with type 3 notch (01 mm)
4 If still no valid break types can be achieved
Use the tensile-impact method
1 2 3
4
Instrumented Impact Testing 102015
Mareike Arnold
Agenda
9
Pendulum Impact Testing - Basics
Instrumented Impact Testing
Tests and Curves
Summary
Instrumented Impact Testing 102015
Mareike Arnold
Instrumented Impact Testing
10
Instrumented pendulum testers of the HIT portfolio capture
additional material properties
used in RampD TS and QA
Charpy
Izod
tensile impact
Fracture mechanics
co
nve
ntio
na
l ha
mm
er
instr
um
ente
d h
am
me
r
Instrumented Impact Testing 102015
Mareike Arnold
Instrumented Impact Testing
11
The force-travel diagram provides more detailed materials data
obtained under high deformation rates
119865
∆119904
E ndash energy F ndash force s ndash travel
Es = 119865 lowast 119904 Same energy levels can occur at
high material resistance and low
deformation or with low
resistance and high deformation
Instrumented impact allows to
distinguish such situations while
conventional impact canrsquot
E specimen
E specimen
Instrumented Impact Testing 102015
Mareike Arnold
Instrumented Impact Testing
12
FI ndash First impact
maximum
No contact between
pendulum hammer and
specimen
FM ndash maximum force
sM ndash deflection at
maximum force
Instrumented Impact Testing 102015
Mareike Arnold
Instrumented Impact Testing
13
Zwick developed an automatic recognition of test curve types
according to ISO 179 part 2 in collaboration with Borealis
tough break brittle break splitter break
no break partial break
Complete break types Hinge break
Type of break can be
identified by instrumentation
Automatic classification of
the statistics by the type of
break
Safe and reliable test results
are obtained even with many
operators and in night shifts
Problems in test setup and
specimen handling become
visible and thus also
traceable
Instrumented Impact Testing 102015
Mareike Arnold
Instrumented Impact Testing
14
How does instrumented pendulum
testing work at Zwick
Instrumented Impact Testing 102015
Mareike Arnold
Instrumented Impact Testing
15
To get the energy you need the deformation of the specimen
(s)
119865
∆119904
E specimen = 119865 119904 119889119904
E specimen = 119865 lowast 119904 E ndash energy W ndash work (energy) F ndash force s ndash specimen deformation
The travel s is not directly measured
The following slides show how to
calculate the deflection from the force
signal
E specimen
Instrumented Impact Testing 102015
Mareike Arnold
Instrumented Impact Testing
16
The measurement of force can be performed by two different
systems strain gage or piezoelectric
Instrumentation strain gage piezo
advantage Light weight
high natural frequency
not sensitive towards
position
Acceptable natural
frequency
disadvantage Sensitive towards position Additional surfaces
strain gage
hammer
fin
piezo
Instrumented Impact Testing 102015
Mareike Arnold
Instrumented Impact Testing
17
If the natural frequency of the system is too low the measured
signal will be dithered and the test result is not usable
Instrumented Impact Testing 102015
Mareike Arnold
Instrumented Impact Testing
18
If the resonance frequency of the system is high enough the
typical properties of the specimen are clearly visible
Resonance ge 3 x natural frequency of the specimen
Instrumented Impact Testing 102015
Mareike Arnold
Tests and Curves
19
High enough measurement
system frequency
Instrumented Impact Testing 102015
Mareike Arnold
Instrumented Impact Testing
20
The force ndash time function is measured by instrumentation
119865
119898
E ndash energy t ndash time F ndash force s ndash travel deformation m ndash mass
Instrumented Impact Testing 102015
Mareike Arnold
Instrumented Impact Testing
21
The acceleration (a) is directly related to the force signal The
travel (s) can be obtained by double integration of (a)
119865 = 119898 lowast 119886
119886 = 119865119898
Integration
Integration
F ndash force (measured) m ndash mass of the pendulum hammer a ndash acceleration v ndash velocity s ndash travel t ndash time
Instrumented Impact Testing 102015
Mareike Arnold
E specimen = 119865 119904 119889119904
119886119888119880 119900119903 119873=
119864119904119901119890119888119894119898119890119899
119904119901119890119888119894119898119890119899 119888119903119900119904119904 119904119890119888119905119894119900119899
in 119896119869119898sup2]
Instrumented Impact Testing
22
The resilience (E ) can be obtained by integration of the force-
travel curve
E ndash energy W ndash work (energy) F ndash force s ndash travel deformation
10 mm
4 mm
Instrumented Impact Testing 102015
Mareike Arnold
Agenda
23
Pendulum Impact Testing - Basics
Instrumented Impact Testing
Tests and Curves
Summary
Instrumented Impact Testing 102015
Mareike Arnold
Tests and Curves
24
FI ndash Maximum of inertia
Contact between
pendulum hammer and
specimen breaks off
FM ndash maximum force
sM ndash deflection at
maximum force
Instrumented Impact Testing 102015
Mareike Arnold
Tests and Curves
25
4mm
Instrumented Impact Testing 102015
Mareike Arnold
Tests and Curves
26
Which type of break is shown here
no break
Instrumented Impact Testing 102015
Mareike Arnold
Tests and Curves
27
Which type of break is shown here
brittle break
Instrumented Impact Testing 102015
Mareike Arnold
Tests and Curves
28
Which type of break is shown here
tough break
Instrumented Impact Testing 102015
Mareike Arnold
Tests and Curves
29
Which type of break is shown here
splitter break
Instrumented Impact Testing 102015
Mareike Arnold
Agenda
30
Pendulum Impact Testing - Basics
Instrumented Impact Testing
Tests and Curves
Summary
Instrumented Impact Testing 102015
Mareike Arnold
Summary
31
Zwickrsquos HIT series - a complete product range for impact
testing
Four different test methods are standardized Charpy Izod tensile-impact and
Dynstat
Conventional impact machines determine the resilience as a function of the
angle of raise of the pendulum
Only the Charpy method is standardized as an instrumented method even
though other instrumented methods are technically available (ISO 179 ndash 2)
Additional information on the material properties can be identified by
instrumentation
The type of break can be automatically
detected through instrumented tests
Fracture mechanic behavior can be determined
Instrumented Impact Testing 102015
Mareike Arnold
Pendulum Impact Testing - Basics
8
There is not result without specimen break
Guidance according ISO standards on how to obtain break
1 The preferred method is to use unnotched specimen
2 if no valid break types can be achieved
Use specimen with type 1 notch (025 mm)
3 If still no valid break types can be achieved
Use specimen with type 3 notch (01 mm)
4 If still no valid break types can be achieved
Use the tensile-impact method
1 2 3
4
Instrumented Impact Testing 102015
Mareike Arnold
Agenda
9
Pendulum Impact Testing - Basics
Instrumented Impact Testing
Tests and Curves
Summary
Instrumented Impact Testing 102015
Mareike Arnold
Instrumented Impact Testing
10
Instrumented pendulum testers of the HIT portfolio capture
additional material properties
used in RampD TS and QA
Charpy
Izod
tensile impact
Fracture mechanics
co
nve
ntio
na
l ha
mm
er
instr
um
ente
d h
am
me
r
Instrumented Impact Testing 102015
Mareike Arnold
Instrumented Impact Testing
11
The force-travel diagram provides more detailed materials data
obtained under high deformation rates
119865
∆119904
E ndash energy F ndash force s ndash travel
Es = 119865 lowast 119904 Same energy levels can occur at
high material resistance and low
deformation or with low
resistance and high deformation
Instrumented impact allows to
distinguish such situations while
conventional impact canrsquot
E specimen
E specimen
Instrumented Impact Testing 102015
Mareike Arnold
Instrumented Impact Testing
12
FI ndash First impact
maximum
No contact between
pendulum hammer and
specimen
FM ndash maximum force
sM ndash deflection at
maximum force
Instrumented Impact Testing 102015
Mareike Arnold
Instrumented Impact Testing
13
Zwick developed an automatic recognition of test curve types
according to ISO 179 part 2 in collaboration with Borealis
tough break brittle break splitter break
no break partial break
Complete break types Hinge break
Type of break can be
identified by instrumentation
Automatic classification of
the statistics by the type of
break
Safe and reliable test results
are obtained even with many
operators and in night shifts
Problems in test setup and
specimen handling become
visible and thus also
traceable
Instrumented Impact Testing 102015
Mareike Arnold
Instrumented Impact Testing
14
How does instrumented pendulum
testing work at Zwick
Instrumented Impact Testing 102015
Mareike Arnold
Instrumented Impact Testing
15
To get the energy you need the deformation of the specimen
(s)
119865
∆119904
E specimen = 119865 119904 119889119904
E specimen = 119865 lowast 119904 E ndash energy W ndash work (energy) F ndash force s ndash specimen deformation
The travel s is not directly measured
The following slides show how to
calculate the deflection from the force
signal
E specimen
Instrumented Impact Testing 102015
Mareike Arnold
Instrumented Impact Testing
16
The measurement of force can be performed by two different
systems strain gage or piezoelectric
Instrumentation strain gage piezo
advantage Light weight
high natural frequency
not sensitive towards
position
Acceptable natural
frequency
disadvantage Sensitive towards position Additional surfaces
strain gage
hammer
fin
piezo
Instrumented Impact Testing 102015
Mareike Arnold
Instrumented Impact Testing
17
If the natural frequency of the system is too low the measured
signal will be dithered and the test result is not usable
Instrumented Impact Testing 102015
Mareike Arnold
Instrumented Impact Testing
18
If the resonance frequency of the system is high enough the
typical properties of the specimen are clearly visible
Resonance ge 3 x natural frequency of the specimen
Instrumented Impact Testing 102015
Mareike Arnold
Tests and Curves
19
High enough measurement
system frequency
Instrumented Impact Testing 102015
Mareike Arnold
Instrumented Impact Testing
20
The force ndash time function is measured by instrumentation
119865
119898
E ndash energy t ndash time F ndash force s ndash travel deformation m ndash mass
Instrumented Impact Testing 102015
Mareike Arnold
Instrumented Impact Testing
21
The acceleration (a) is directly related to the force signal The
travel (s) can be obtained by double integration of (a)
119865 = 119898 lowast 119886
119886 = 119865119898
Integration
Integration
F ndash force (measured) m ndash mass of the pendulum hammer a ndash acceleration v ndash velocity s ndash travel t ndash time
Instrumented Impact Testing 102015
Mareike Arnold
E specimen = 119865 119904 119889119904
119886119888119880 119900119903 119873=
119864119904119901119890119888119894119898119890119899
119904119901119890119888119894119898119890119899 119888119903119900119904119904 119904119890119888119905119894119900119899
in 119896119869119898sup2]
Instrumented Impact Testing
22
The resilience (E ) can be obtained by integration of the force-
travel curve
E ndash energy W ndash work (energy) F ndash force s ndash travel deformation
10 mm
4 mm
Instrumented Impact Testing 102015
Mareike Arnold
Agenda
23
Pendulum Impact Testing - Basics
Instrumented Impact Testing
Tests and Curves
Summary
Instrumented Impact Testing 102015
Mareike Arnold
Tests and Curves
24
FI ndash Maximum of inertia
Contact between
pendulum hammer and
specimen breaks off
FM ndash maximum force
sM ndash deflection at
maximum force
Instrumented Impact Testing 102015
Mareike Arnold
Tests and Curves
25
4mm
Instrumented Impact Testing 102015
Mareike Arnold
Tests and Curves
26
Which type of break is shown here
no break
Instrumented Impact Testing 102015
Mareike Arnold
Tests and Curves
27
Which type of break is shown here
brittle break
Instrumented Impact Testing 102015
Mareike Arnold
Tests and Curves
28
Which type of break is shown here
tough break
Instrumented Impact Testing 102015
Mareike Arnold
Tests and Curves
29
Which type of break is shown here
splitter break
Instrumented Impact Testing 102015
Mareike Arnold
Agenda
30
Pendulum Impact Testing - Basics
Instrumented Impact Testing
Tests and Curves
Summary
Instrumented Impact Testing 102015
Mareike Arnold
Summary
31
Zwickrsquos HIT series - a complete product range for impact
testing
Four different test methods are standardized Charpy Izod tensile-impact and
Dynstat
Conventional impact machines determine the resilience as a function of the
angle of raise of the pendulum
Only the Charpy method is standardized as an instrumented method even
though other instrumented methods are technically available (ISO 179 ndash 2)
Additional information on the material properties can be identified by
instrumentation
The type of break can be automatically
detected through instrumented tests
Fracture mechanic behavior can be determined
Instrumented Impact Testing 102015
Mareike Arnold
Agenda
9
Pendulum Impact Testing - Basics
Instrumented Impact Testing
Tests and Curves
Summary
Instrumented Impact Testing 102015
Mareike Arnold
Instrumented Impact Testing
10
Instrumented pendulum testers of the HIT portfolio capture
additional material properties
used in RampD TS and QA
Charpy
Izod
tensile impact
Fracture mechanics
co
nve
ntio
na
l ha
mm
er
instr
um
ente
d h
am
me
r
Instrumented Impact Testing 102015
Mareike Arnold
Instrumented Impact Testing
11
The force-travel diagram provides more detailed materials data
obtained under high deformation rates
119865
∆119904
E ndash energy F ndash force s ndash travel
Es = 119865 lowast 119904 Same energy levels can occur at
high material resistance and low
deformation or with low
resistance and high deformation
Instrumented impact allows to
distinguish such situations while
conventional impact canrsquot
E specimen
E specimen
Instrumented Impact Testing 102015
Mareike Arnold
Instrumented Impact Testing
12
FI ndash First impact
maximum
No contact between
pendulum hammer and
specimen
FM ndash maximum force
sM ndash deflection at
maximum force
Instrumented Impact Testing 102015
Mareike Arnold
Instrumented Impact Testing
13
Zwick developed an automatic recognition of test curve types
according to ISO 179 part 2 in collaboration with Borealis
tough break brittle break splitter break
no break partial break
Complete break types Hinge break
Type of break can be
identified by instrumentation
Automatic classification of
the statistics by the type of
break
Safe and reliable test results
are obtained even with many
operators and in night shifts
Problems in test setup and
specimen handling become
visible and thus also
traceable
Instrumented Impact Testing 102015
Mareike Arnold
Instrumented Impact Testing
14
How does instrumented pendulum
testing work at Zwick
Instrumented Impact Testing 102015
Mareike Arnold
Instrumented Impact Testing
15
To get the energy you need the deformation of the specimen
(s)
119865
∆119904
E specimen = 119865 119904 119889119904
E specimen = 119865 lowast 119904 E ndash energy W ndash work (energy) F ndash force s ndash specimen deformation
The travel s is not directly measured
The following slides show how to
calculate the deflection from the force
signal
E specimen
Instrumented Impact Testing 102015
Mareike Arnold
Instrumented Impact Testing
16
The measurement of force can be performed by two different
systems strain gage or piezoelectric
Instrumentation strain gage piezo
advantage Light weight
high natural frequency
not sensitive towards
position
Acceptable natural
frequency
disadvantage Sensitive towards position Additional surfaces
strain gage
hammer
fin
piezo
Instrumented Impact Testing 102015
Mareike Arnold
Instrumented Impact Testing
17
If the natural frequency of the system is too low the measured
signal will be dithered and the test result is not usable
Instrumented Impact Testing 102015
Mareike Arnold
Instrumented Impact Testing
18
If the resonance frequency of the system is high enough the
typical properties of the specimen are clearly visible
Resonance ge 3 x natural frequency of the specimen
Instrumented Impact Testing 102015
Mareike Arnold
Tests and Curves
19
High enough measurement
system frequency
Instrumented Impact Testing 102015
Mareike Arnold
Instrumented Impact Testing
20
The force ndash time function is measured by instrumentation
119865
119898
E ndash energy t ndash time F ndash force s ndash travel deformation m ndash mass
Instrumented Impact Testing 102015
Mareike Arnold
Instrumented Impact Testing
21
The acceleration (a) is directly related to the force signal The
travel (s) can be obtained by double integration of (a)
119865 = 119898 lowast 119886
119886 = 119865119898
Integration
Integration
F ndash force (measured) m ndash mass of the pendulum hammer a ndash acceleration v ndash velocity s ndash travel t ndash time
Instrumented Impact Testing 102015
Mareike Arnold
E specimen = 119865 119904 119889119904
119886119888119880 119900119903 119873=
119864119904119901119890119888119894119898119890119899
119904119901119890119888119894119898119890119899 119888119903119900119904119904 119904119890119888119905119894119900119899
in 119896119869119898sup2]
Instrumented Impact Testing
22
The resilience (E ) can be obtained by integration of the force-
travel curve
E ndash energy W ndash work (energy) F ndash force s ndash travel deformation
10 mm
4 mm
Instrumented Impact Testing 102015
Mareike Arnold
Agenda
23
Pendulum Impact Testing - Basics
Instrumented Impact Testing
Tests and Curves
Summary
Instrumented Impact Testing 102015
Mareike Arnold
Tests and Curves
24
FI ndash Maximum of inertia
Contact between
pendulum hammer and
specimen breaks off
FM ndash maximum force
sM ndash deflection at
maximum force
Instrumented Impact Testing 102015
Mareike Arnold
Tests and Curves
25
4mm
Instrumented Impact Testing 102015
Mareike Arnold
Tests and Curves
26
Which type of break is shown here
no break
Instrumented Impact Testing 102015
Mareike Arnold
Tests and Curves
27
Which type of break is shown here
brittle break
Instrumented Impact Testing 102015
Mareike Arnold
Tests and Curves
28
Which type of break is shown here
tough break
Instrumented Impact Testing 102015
Mareike Arnold
Tests and Curves
29
Which type of break is shown here
splitter break
Instrumented Impact Testing 102015
Mareike Arnold
Agenda
30
Pendulum Impact Testing - Basics
Instrumented Impact Testing
Tests and Curves
Summary
Instrumented Impact Testing 102015
Mareike Arnold
Summary
31
Zwickrsquos HIT series - a complete product range for impact
testing
Four different test methods are standardized Charpy Izod tensile-impact and
Dynstat
Conventional impact machines determine the resilience as a function of the
angle of raise of the pendulum
Only the Charpy method is standardized as an instrumented method even
though other instrumented methods are technically available (ISO 179 ndash 2)
Additional information on the material properties can be identified by
instrumentation
The type of break can be automatically
detected through instrumented tests
Fracture mechanic behavior can be determined
Instrumented Impact Testing 102015
Mareike Arnold
Instrumented Impact Testing
10
Instrumented pendulum testers of the HIT portfolio capture
additional material properties
used in RampD TS and QA
Charpy
Izod
tensile impact
Fracture mechanics
co
nve
ntio
na
l ha
mm
er
instr
um
ente
d h
am
me
r
Instrumented Impact Testing 102015
Mareike Arnold
Instrumented Impact Testing
11
The force-travel diagram provides more detailed materials data
obtained under high deformation rates
119865
∆119904
E ndash energy F ndash force s ndash travel
Es = 119865 lowast 119904 Same energy levels can occur at
high material resistance and low
deformation or with low
resistance and high deformation
Instrumented impact allows to
distinguish such situations while
conventional impact canrsquot
E specimen
E specimen
Instrumented Impact Testing 102015
Mareike Arnold
Instrumented Impact Testing
12
FI ndash First impact
maximum
No contact between
pendulum hammer and
specimen
FM ndash maximum force
sM ndash deflection at
maximum force
Instrumented Impact Testing 102015
Mareike Arnold
Instrumented Impact Testing
13
Zwick developed an automatic recognition of test curve types
according to ISO 179 part 2 in collaboration with Borealis
tough break brittle break splitter break
no break partial break
Complete break types Hinge break
Type of break can be
identified by instrumentation
Automatic classification of
the statistics by the type of
break
Safe and reliable test results
are obtained even with many
operators and in night shifts
Problems in test setup and
specimen handling become
visible and thus also
traceable
Instrumented Impact Testing 102015
Mareike Arnold
Instrumented Impact Testing
14
How does instrumented pendulum
testing work at Zwick
Instrumented Impact Testing 102015
Mareike Arnold
Instrumented Impact Testing
15
To get the energy you need the deformation of the specimen
(s)
119865
∆119904
E specimen = 119865 119904 119889119904
E specimen = 119865 lowast 119904 E ndash energy W ndash work (energy) F ndash force s ndash specimen deformation
The travel s is not directly measured
The following slides show how to
calculate the deflection from the force
signal
E specimen
Instrumented Impact Testing 102015
Mareike Arnold
Instrumented Impact Testing
16
The measurement of force can be performed by two different
systems strain gage or piezoelectric
Instrumentation strain gage piezo
advantage Light weight
high natural frequency
not sensitive towards
position
Acceptable natural
frequency
disadvantage Sensitive towards position Additional surfaces
strain gage
hammer
fin
piezo
Instrumented Impact Testing 102015
Mareike Arnold
Instrumented Impact Testing
17
If the natural frequency of the system is too low the measured
signal will be dithered and the test result is not usable
Instrumented Impact Testing 102015
Mareike Arnold
Instrumented Impact Testing
18
If the resonance frequency of the system is high enough the
typical properties of the specimen are clearly visible
Resonance ge 3 x natural frequency of the specimen
Instrumented Impact Testing 102015
Mareike Arnold
Tests and Curves
19
High enough measurement
system frequency
Instrumented Impact Testing 102015
Mareike Arnold
Instrumented Impact Testing
20
The force ndash time function is measured by instrumentation
119865
119898
E ndash energy t ndash time F ndash force s ndash travel deformation m ndash mass
Instrumented Impact Testing 102015
Mareike Arnold
Instrumented Impact Testing
21
The acceleration (a) is directly related to the force signal The
travel (s) can be obtained by double integration of (a)
119865 = 119898 lowast 119886
119886 = 119865119898
Integration
Integration
F ndash force (measured) m ndash mass of the pendulum hammer a ndash acceleration v ndash velocity s ndash travel t ndash time
Instrumented Impact Testing 102015
Mareike Arnold
E specimen = 119865 119904 119889119904
119886119888119880 119900119903 119873=
119864119904119901119890119888119894119898119890119899
119904119901119890119888119894119898119890119899 119888119903119900119904119904 119904119890119888119905119894119900119899
in 119896119869119898sup2]
Instrumented Impact Testing
22
The resilience (E ) can be obtained by integration of the force-
travel curve
E ndash energy W ndash work (energy) F ndash force s ndash travel deformation
10 mm
4 mm
Instrumented Impact Testing 102015
Mareike Arnold
Agenda
23
Pendulum Impact Testing - Basics
Instrumented Impact Testing
Tests and Curves
Summary
Instrumented Impact Testing 102015
Mareike Arnold
Tests and Curves
24
FI ndash Maximum of inertia
Contact between
pendulum hammer and
specimen breaks off
FM ndash maximum force
sM ndash deflection at
maximum force
Instrumented Impact Testing 102015
Mareike Arnold
Tests and Curves
25
4mm
Instrumented Impact Testing 102015
Mareike Arnold
Tests and Curves
26
Which type of break is shown here
no break
Instrumented Impact Testing 102015
Mareike Arnold
Tests and Curves
27
Which type of break is shown here
brittle break
Instrumented Impact Testing 102015
Mareike Arnold
Tests and Curves
28
Which type of break is shown here
tough break
Instrumented Impact Testing 102015
Mareike Arnold
Tests and Curves
29
Which type of break is shown here
splitter break
Instrumented Impact Testing 102015
Mareike Arnold
Agenda
30
Pendulum Impact Testing - Basics
Instrumented Impact Testing
Tests and Curves
Summary
Instrumented Impact Testing 102015
Mareike Arnold
Summary
31
Zwickrsquos HIT series - a complete product range for impact
testing
Four different test methods are standardized Charpy Izod tensile-impact and
Dynstat
Conventional impact machines determine the resilience as a function of the
angle of raise of the pendulum
Only the Charpy method is standardized as an instrumented method even
though other instrumented methods are technically available (ISO 179 ndash 2)
Additional information on the material properties can be identified by
instrumentation
The type of break can be automatically
detected through instrumented tests
Fracture mechanic behavior can be determined
Instrumented Impact Testing 102015
Mareike Arnold
Instrumented Impact Testing
11
The force-travel diagram provides more detailed materials data
obtained under high deformation rates
119865
∆119904
E ndash energy F ndash force s ndash travel
Es = 119865 lowast 119904 Same energy levels can occur at
high material resistance and low
deformation or with low
resistance and high deformation
Instrumented impact allows to
distinguish such situations while
conventional impact canrsquot
E specimen
E specimen
Instrumented Impact Testing 102015
Mareike Arnold
Instrumented Impact Testing
12
FI ndash First impact
maximum
No contact between
pendulum hammer and
specimen
FM ndash maximum force
sM ndash deflection at
maximum force
Instrumented Impact Testing 102015
Mareike Arnold
Instrumented Impact Testing
13
Zwick developed an automatic recognition of test curve types
according to ISO 179 part 2 in collaboration with Borealis
tough break brittle break splitter break
no break partial break
Complete break types Hinge break
Type of break can be
identified by instrumentation
Automatic classification of
the statistics by the type of
break
Safe and reliable test results
are obtained even with many
operators and in night shifts
Problems in test setup and
specimen handling become
visible and thus also
traceable
Instrumented Impact Testing 102015
Mareike Arnold
Instrumented Impact Testing
14
How does instrumented pendulum
testing work at Zwick
Instrumented Impact Testing 102015
Mareike Arnold
Instrumented Impact Testing
15
To get the energy you need the deformation of the specimen
(s)
119865
∆119904
E specimen = 119865 119904 119889119904
E specimen = 119865 lowast 119904 E ndash energy W ndash work (energy) F ndash force s ndash specimen deformation
The travel s is not directly measured
The following slides show how to
calculate the deflection from the force
signal
E specimen
Instrumented Impact Testing 102015
Mareike Arnold
Instrumented Impact Testing
16
The measurement of force can be performed by two different
systems strain gage or piezoelectric
Instrumentation strain gage piezo
advantage Light weight
high natural frequency
not sensitive towards
position
Acceptable natural
frequency
disadvantage Sensitive towards position Additional surfaces
strain gage
hammer
fin
piezo
Instrumented Impact Testing 102015
Mareike Arnold
Instrumented Impact Testing
17
If the natural frequency of the system is too low the measured
signal will be dithered and the test result is not usable
Instrumented Impact Testing 102015
Mareike Arnold
Instrumented Impact Testing
18
If the resonance frequency of the system is high enough the
typical properties of the specimen are clearly visible
Resonance ge 3 x natural frequency of the specimen
Instrumented Impact Testing 102015
Mareike Arnold
Tests and Curves
19
High enough measurement
system frequency
Instrumented Impact Testing 102015
Mareike Arnold
Instrumented Impact Testing
20
The force ndash time function is measured by instrumentation
119865
119898
E ndash energy t ndash time F ndash force s ndash travel deformation m ndash mass
Instrumented Impact Testing 102015
Mareike Arnold
Instrumented Impact Testing
21
The acceleration (a) is directly related to the force signal The
travel (s) can be obtained by double integration of (a)
119865 = 119898 lowast 119886
119886 = 119865119898
Integration
Integration
F ndash force (measured) m ndash mass of the pendulum hammer a ndash acceleration v ndash velocity s ndash travel t ndash time
Instrumented Impact Testing 102015
Mareike Arnold
E specimen = 119865 119904 119889119904
119886119888119880 119900119903 119873=
119864119904119901119890119888119894119898119890119899
119904119901119890119888119894119898119890119899 119888119903119900119904119904 119904119890119888119905119894119900119899
in 119896119869119898sup2]
Instrumented Impact Testing
22
The resilience (E ) can be obtained by integration of the force-
travel curve
E ndash energy W ndash work (energy) F ndash force s ndash travel deformation
10 mm
4 mm
Instrumented Impact Testing 102015
Mareike Arnold
Agenda
23
Pendulum Impact Testing - Basics
Instrumented Impact Testing
Tests and Curves
Summary
Instrumented Impact Testing 102015
Mareike Arnold
Tests and Curves
24
FI ndash Maximum of inertia
Contact between
pendulum hammer and
specimen breaks off
FM ndash maximum force
sM ndash deflection at
maximum force
Instrumented Impact Testing 102015
Mareike Arnold
Tests and Curves
25
4mm
Instrumented Impact Testing 102015
Mareike Arnold
Tests and Curves
26
Which type of break is shown here
no break
Instrumented Impact Testing 102015
Mareike Arnold
Tests and Curves
27
Which type of break is shown here
brittle break
Instrumented Impact Testing 102015
Mareike Arnold
Tests and Curves
28
Which type of break is shown here
tough break
Instrumented Impact Testing 102015
Mareike Arnold
Tests and Curves
29
Which type of break is shown here
splitter break
Instrumented Impact Testing 102015
Mareike Arnold
Agenda
30
Pendulum Impact Testing - Basics
Instrumented Impact Testing
Tests and Curves
Summary
Instrumented Impact Testing 102015
Mareike Arnold
Summary
31
Zwickrsquos HIT series - a complete product range for impact
testing
Four different test methods are standardized Charpy Izod tensile-impact and
Dynstat
Conventional impact machines determine the resilience as a function of the
angle of raise of the pendulum
Only the Charpy method is standardized as an instrumented method even
though other instrumented methods are technically available (ISO 179 ndash 2)
Additional information on the material properties can be identified by
instrumentation
The type of break can be automatically
detected through instrumented tests
Fracture mechanic behavior can be determined
Instrumented Impact Testing 102015
Mareike Arnold
Instrumented Impact Testing
12
FI ndash First impact
maximum
No contact between
pendulum hammer and
specimen
FM ndash maximum force
sM ndash deflection at
maximum force
Instrumented Impact Testing 102015
Mareike Arnold
Instrumented Impact Testing
13
Zwick developed an automatic recognition of test curve types
according to ISO 179 part 2 in collaboration with Borealis
tough break brittle break splitter break
no break partial break
Complete break types Hinge break
Type of break can be
identified by instrumentation
Automatic classification of
the statistics by the type of
break
Safe and reliable test results
are obtained even with many
operators and in night shifts
Problems in test setup and
specimen handling become
visible and thus also
traceable
Instrumented Impact Testing 102015
Mareike Arnold
Instrumented Impact Testing
14
How does instrumented pendulum
testing work at Zwick
Instrumented Impact Testing 102015
Mareike Arnold
Instrumented Impact Testing
15
To get the energy you need the deformation of the specimen
(s)
119865
∆119904
E specimen = 119865 119904 119889119904
E specimen = 119865 lowast 119904 E ndash energy W ndash work (energy) F ndash force s ndash specimen deformation
The travel s is not directly measured
The following slides show how to
calculate the deflection from the force
signal
E specimen
Instrumented Impact Testing 102015
Mareike Arnold
Instrumented Impact Testing
16
The measurement of force can be performed by two different
systems strain gage or piezoelectric
Instrumentation strain gage piezo
advantage Light weight
high natural frequency
not sensitive towards
position
Acceptable natural
frequency
disadvantage Sensitive towards position Additional surfaces
strain gage
hammer
fin
piezo
Instrumented Impact Testing 102015
Mareike Arnold
Instrumented Impact Testing
17
If the natural frequency of the system is too low the measured
signal will be dithered and the test result is not usable
Instrumented Impact Testing 102015
Mareike Arnold
Instrumented Impact Testing
18
If the resonance frequency of the system is high enough the
typical properties of the specimen are clearly visible
Resonance ge 3 x natural frequency of the specimen
Instrumented Impact Testing 102015
Mareike Arnold
Tests and Curves
19
High enough measurement
system frequency
Instrumented Impact Testing 102015
Mareike Arnold
Instrumented Impact Testing
20
The force ndash time function is measured by instrumentation
119865
119898
E ndash energy t ndash time F ndash force s ndash travel deformation m ndash mass
Instrumented Impact Testing 102015
Mareike Arnold
Instrumented Impact Testing
21
The acceleration (a) is directly related to the force signal The
travel (s) can be obtained by double integration of (a)
119865 = 119898 lowast 119886
119886 = 119865119898
Integration
Integration
F ndash force (measured) m ndash mass of the pendulum hammer a ndash acceleration v ndash velocity s ndash travel t ndash time
Instrumented Impact Testing 102015
Mareike Arnold
E specimen = 119865 119904 119889119904
119886119888119880 119900119903 119873=
119864119904119901119890119888119894119898119890119899
119904119901119890119888119894119898119890119899 119888119903119900119904119904 119904119890119888119905119894119900119899
in 119896119869119898sup2]
Instrumented Impact Testing
22
The resilience (E ) can be obtained by integration of the force-
travel curve
E ndash energy W ndash work (energy) F ndash force s ndash travel deformation
10 mm
4 mm
Instrumented Impact Testing 102015
Mareike Arnold
Agenda
23
Pendulum Impact Testing - Basics
Instrumented Impact Testing
Tests and Curves
Summary
Instrumented Impact Testing 102015
Mareike Arnold
Tests and Curves
24
FI ndash Maximum of inertia
Contact between
pendulum hammer and
specimen breaks off
FM ndash maximum force
sM ndash deflection at
maximum force
Instrumented Impact Testing 102015
Mareike Arnold
Tests and Curves
25
4mm
Instrumented Impact Testing 102015
Mareike Arnold
Tests and Curves
26
Which type of break is shown here
no break
Instrumented Impact Testing 102015
Mareike Arnold
Tests and Curves
27
Which type of break is shown here
brittle break
Instrumented Impact Testing 102015
Mareike Arnold
Tests and Curves
28
Which type of break is shown here
tough break
Instrumented Impact Testing 102015
Mareike Arnold
Tests and Curves
29
Which type of break is shown here
splitter break
Instrumented Impact Testing 102015
Mareike Arnold
Agenda
30
Pendulum Impact Testing - Basics
Instrumented Impact Testing
Tests and Curves
Summary
Instrumented Impact Testing 102015
Mareike Arnold
Summary
31
Zwickrsquos HIT series - a complete product range for impact
testing
Four different test methods are standardized Charpy Izod tensile-impact and
Dynstat
Conventional impact machines determine the resilience as a function of the
angle of raise of the pendulum
Only the Charpy method is standardized as an instrumented method even
though other instrumented methods are technically available (ISO 179 ndash 2)
Additional information on the material properties can be identified by
instrumentation
The type of break can be automatically
detected through instrumented tests
Fracture mechanic behavior can be determined
Instrumented Impact Testing 102015
Mareike Arnold
Instrumented Impact Testing
13
Zwick developed an automatic recognition of test curve types
according to ISO 179 part 2 in collaboration with Borealis
tough break brittle break splitter break
no break partial break
Complete break types Hinge break
Type of break can be
identified by instrumentation
Automatic classification of
the statistics by the type of
break
Safe and reliable test results
are obtained even with many
operators and in night shifts
Problems in test setup and
specimen handling become
visible and thus also
traceable
Instrumented Impact Testing 102015
Mareike Arnold
Instrumented Impact Testing
14
How does instrumented pendulum
testing work at Zwick
Instrumented Impact Testing 102015
Mareike Arnold
Instrumented Impact Testing
15
To get the energy you need the deformation of the specimen
(s)
119865
∆119904
E specimen = 119865 119904 119889119904
E specimen = 119865 lowast 119904 E ndash energy W ndash work (energy) F ndash force s ndash specimen deformation
The travel s is not directly measured
The following slides show how to
calculate the deflection from the force
signal
E specimen
Instrumented Impact Testing 102015
Mareike Arnold
Instrumented Impact Testing
16
The measurement of force can be performed by two different
systems strain gage or piezoelectric
Instrumentation strain gage piezo
advantage Light weight
high natural frequency
not sensitive towards
position
Acceptable natural
frequency
disadvantage Sensitive towards position Additional surfaces
strain gage
hammer
fin
piezo
Instrumented Impact Testing 102015
Mareike Arnold
Instrumented Impact Testing
17
If the natural frequency of the system is too low the measured
signal will be dithered and the test result is not usable
Instrumented Impact Testing 102015
Mareike Arnold
Instrumented Impact Testing
18
If the resonance frequency of the system is high enough the
typical properties of the specimen are clearly visible
Resonance ge 3 x natural frequency of the specimen
Instrumented Impact Testing 102015
Mareike Arnold
Tests and Curves
19
High enough measurement
system frequency
Instrumented Impact Testing 102015
Mareike Arnold
Instrumented Impact Testing
20
The force ndash time function is measured by instrumentation
119865
119898
E ndash energy t ndash time F ndash force s ndash travel deformation m ndash mass
Instrumented Impact Testing 102015
Mareike Arnold
Instrumented Impact Testing
21
The acceleration (a) is directly related to the force signal The
travel (s) can be obtained by double integration of (a)
119865 = 119898 lowast 119886
119886 = 119865119898
Integration
Integration
F ndash force (measured) m ndash mass of the pendulum hammer a ndash acceleration v ndash velocity s ndash travel t ndash time
Instrumented Impact Testing 102015
Mareike Arnold
E specimen = 119865 119904 119889119904
119886119888119880 119900119903 119873=
119864119904119901119890119888119894119898119890119899
119904119901119890119888119894119898119890119899 119888119903119900119904119904 119904119890119888119905119894119900119899
in 119896119869119898sup2]
Instrumented Impact Testing
22
The resilience (E ) can be obtained by integration of the force-
travel curve
E ndash energy W ndash work (energy) F ndash force s ndash travel deformation
10 mm
4 mm
Instrumented Impact Testing 102015
Mareike Arnold
Agenda
23
Pendulum Impact Testing - Basics
Instrumented Impact Testing
Tests and Curves
Summary
Instrumented Impact Testing 102015
Mareike Arnold
Tests and Curves
24
FI ndash Maximum of inertia
Contact between
pendulum hammer and
specimen breaks off
FM ndash maximum force
sM ndash deflection at
maximum force
Instrumented Impact Testing 102015
Mareike Arnold
Tests and Curves
25
4mm
Instrumented Impact Testing 102015
Mareike Arnold
Tests and Curves
26
Which type of break is shown here
no break
Instrumented Impact Testing 102015
Mareike Arnold
Tests and Curves
27
Which type of break is shown here
brittle break
Instrumented Impact Testing 102015
Mareike Arnold
Tests and Curves
28
Which type of break is shown here
tough break
Instrumented Impact Testing 102015
Mareike Arnold
Tests and Curves
29
Which type of break is shown here
splitter break
Instrumented Impact Testing 102015
Mareike Arnold
Agenda
30
Pendulum Impact Testing - Basics
Instrumented Impact Testing
Tests and Curves
Summary
Instrumented Impact Testing 102015
Mareike Arnold
Summary
31
Zwickrsquos HIT series - a complete product range for impact
testing
Four different test methods are standardized Charpy Izod tensile-impact and
Dynstat
Conventional impact machines determine the resilience as a function of the
angle of raise of the pendulum
Only the Charpy method is standardized as an instrumented method even
though other instrumented methods are technically available (ISO 179 ndash 2)
Additional information on the material properties can be identified by
instrumentation
The type of break can be automatically
detected through instrumented tests
Fracture mechanic behavior can be determined
Instrumented Impact Testing 102015
Mareike Arnold
Instrumented Impact Testing
14
How does instrumented pendulum
testing work at Zwick
Instrumented Impact Testing 102015
Mareike Arnold
Instrumented Impact Testing
15
To get the energy you need the deformation of the specimen
(s)
119865
∆119904
E specimen = 119865 119904 119889119904
E specimen = 119865 lowast 119904 E ndash energy W ndash work (energy) F ndash force s ndash specimen deformation
The travel s is not directly measured
The following slides show how to
calculate the deflection from the force
signal
E specimen
Instrumented Impact Testing 102015
Mareike Arnold
Instrumented Impact Testing
16
The measurement of force can be performed by two different
systems strain gage or piezoelectric
Instrumentation strain gage piezo
advantage Light weight
high natural frequency
not sensitive towards
position
Acceptable natural
frequency
disadvantage Sensitive towards position Additional surfaces
strain gage
hammer
fin
piezo
Instrumented Impact Testing 102015
Mareike Arnold
Instrumented Impact Testing
17
If the natural frequency of the system is too low the measured
signal will be dithered and the test result is not usable
Instrumented Impact Testing 102015
Mareike Arnold
Instrumented Impact Testing
18
If the resonance frequency of the system is high enough the
typical properties of the specimen are clearly visible
Resonance ge 3 x natural frequency of the specimen
Instrumented Impact Testing 102015
Mareike Arnold
Tests and Curves
19
High enough measurement
system frequency
Instrumented Impact Testing 102015
Mareike Arnold
Instrumented Impact Testing
20
The force ndash time function is measured by instrumentation
119865
119898
E ndash energy t ndash time F ndash force s ndash travel deformation m ndash mass
Instrumented Impact Testing 102015
Mareike Arnold
Instrumented Impact Testing
21
The acceleration (a) is directly related to the force signal The
travel (s) can be obtained by double integration of (a)
119865 = 119898 lowast 119886
119886 = 119865119898
Integration
Integration
F ndash force (measured) m ndash mass of the pendulum hammer a ndash acceleration v ndash velocity s ndash travel t ndash time
Instrumented Impact Testing 102015
Mareike Arnold
E specimen = 119865 119904 119889119904
119886119888119880 119900119903 119873=
119864119904119901119890119888119894119898119890119899
119904119901119890119888119894119898119890119899 119888119903119900119904119904 119904119890119888119905119894119900119899
in 119896119869119898sup2]
Instrumented Impact Testing
22
The resilience (E ) can be obtained by integration of the force-
travel curve
E ndash energy W ndash work (energy) F ndash force s ndash travel deformation
10 mm
4 mm
Instrumented Impact Testing 102015
Mareike Arnold
Agenda
23
Pendulum Impact Testing - Basics
Instrumented Impact Testing
Tests and Curves
Summary
Instrumented Impact Testing 102015
Mareike Arnold
Tests and Curves
24
FI ndash Maximum of inertia
Contact between
pendulum hammer and
specimen breaks off
FM ndash maximum force
sM ndash deflection at
maximum force
Instrumented Impact Testing 102015
Mareike Arnold
Tests and Curves
25
4mm
Instrumented Impact Testing 102015
Mareike Arnold
Tests and Curves
26
Which type of break is shown here
no break
Instrumented Impact Testing 102015
Mareike Arnold
Tests and Curves
27
Which type of break is shown here
brittle break
Instrumented Impact Testing 102015
Mareike Arnold
Tests and Curves
28
Which type of break is shown here
tough break
Instrumented Impact Testing 102015
Mareike Arnold
Tests and Curves
29
Which type of break is shown here
splitter break
Instrumented Impact Testing 102015
Mareike Arnold
Agenda
30
Pendulum Impact Testing - Basics
Instrumented Impact Testing
Tests and Curves
Summary
Instrumented Impact Testing 102015
Mareike Arnold
Summary
31
Zwickrsquos HIT series - a complete product range for impact
testing
Four different test methods are standardized Charpy Izod tensile-impact and
Dynstat
Conventional impact machines determine the resilience as a function of the
angle of raise of the pendulum
Only the Charpy method is standardized as an instrumented method even
though other instrumented methods are technically available (ISO 179 ndash 2)
Additional information on the material properties can be identified by
instrumentation
The type of break can be automatically
detected through instrumented tests
Fracture mechanic behavior can be determined
Instrumented Impact Testing 102015
Mareike Arnold
Instrumented Impact Testing
15
To get the energy you need the deformation of the specimen
(s)
119865
∆119904
E specimen = 119865 119904 119889119904
E specimen = 119865 lowast 119904 E ndash energy W ndash work (energy) F ndash force s ndash specimen deformation
The travel s is not directly measured
The following slides show how to
calculate the deflection from the force
signal
E specimen
Instrumented Impact Testing 102015
Mareike Arnold
Instrumented Impact Testing
16
The measurement of force can be performed by two different
systems strain gage or piezoelectric
Instrumentation strain gage piezo
advantage Light weight
high natural frequency
not sensitive towards
position
Acceptable natural
frequency
disadvantage Sensitive towards position Additional surfaces
strain gage
hammer
fin
piezo
Instrumented Impact Testing 102015
Mareike Arnold
Instrumented Impact Testing
17
If the natural frequency of the system is too low the measured
signal will be dithered and the test result is not usable
Instrumented Impact Testing 102015
Mareike Arnold
Instrumented Impact Testing
18
If the resonance frequency of the system is high enough the
typical properties of the specimen are clearly visible
Resonance ge 3 x natural frequency of the specimen
Instrumented Impact Testing 102015
Mareike Arnold
Tests and Curves
19
High enough measurement
system frequency
Instrumented Impact Testing 102015
Mareike Arnold
Instrumented Impact Testing
20
The force ndash time function is measured by instrumentation
119865
119898
E ndash energy t ndash time F ndash force s ndash travel deformation m ndash mass
Instrumented Impact Testing 102015
Mareike Arnold
Instrumented Impact Testing
21
The acceleration (a) is directly related to the force signal The
travel (s) can be obtained by double integration of (a)
119865 = 119898 lowast 119886
119886 = 119865119898
Integration
Integration
F ndash force (measured) m ndash mass of the pendulum hammer a ndash acceleration v ndash velocity s ndash travel t ndash time
Instrumented Impact Testing 102015
Mareike Arnold
E specimen = 119865 119904 119889119904
119886119888119880 119900119903 119873=
119864119904119901119890119888119894119898119890119899
119904119901119890119888119894119898119890119899 119888119903119900119904119904 119904119890119888119905119894119900119899
in 119896119869119898sup2]
Instrumented Impact Testing
22
The resilience (E ) can be obtained by integration of the force-
travel curve
E ndash energy W ndash work (energy) F ndash force s ndash travel deformation
10 mm
4 mm
Instrumented Impact Testing 102015
Mareike Arnold
Agenda
23
Pendulum Impact Testing - Basics
Instrumented Impact Testing
Tests and Curves
Summary
Instrumented Impact Testing 102015
Mareike Arnold
Tests and Curves
24
FI ndash Maximum of inertia
Contact between
pendulum hammer and
specimen breaks off
FM ndash maximum force
sM ndash deflection at
maximum force
Instrumented Impact Testing 102015
Mareike Arnold
Tests and Curves
25
4mm
Instrumented Impact Testing 102015
Mareike Arnold
Tests and Curves
26
Which type of break is shown here
no break
Instrumented Impact Testing 102015
Mareike Arnold
Tests and Curves
27
Which type of break is shown here
brittle break
Instrumented Impact Testing 102015
Mareike Arnold
Tests and Curves
28
Which type of break is shown here
tough break
Instrumented Impact Testing 102015
Mareike Arnold
Tests and Curves
29
Which type of break is shown here
splitter break
Instrumented Impact Testing 102015
Mareike Arnold
Agenda
30
Pendulum Impact Testing - Basics
Instrumented Impact Testing
Tests and Curves
Summary
Instrumented Impact Testing 102015
Mareike Arnold
Summary
31
Zwickrsquos HIT series - a complete product range for impact
testing
Four different test methods are standardized Charpy Izod tensile-impact and
Dynstat
Conventional impact machines determine the resilience as a function of the
angle of raise of the pendulum
Only the Charpy method is standardized as an instrumented method even
though other instrumented methods are technically available (ISO 179 ndash 2)
Additional information on the material properties can be identified by
instrumentation
The type of break can be automatically
detected through instrumented tests
Fracture mechanic behavior can be determined
Instrumented Impact Testing 102015
Mareike Arnold
Instrumented Impact Testing
16
The measurement of force can be performed by two different
systems strain gage or piezoelectric
Instrumentation strain gage piezo
advantage Light weight
high natural frequency
not sensitive towards
position
Acceptable natural
frequency
disadvantage Sensitive towards position Additional surfaces
strain gage
hammer
fin
piezo
Instrumented Impact Testing 102015
Mareike Arnold
Instrumented Impact Testing
17
If the natural frequency of the system is too low the measured
signal will be dithered and the test result is not usable
Instrumented Impact Testing 102015
Mareike Arnold
Instrumented Impact Testing
18
If the resonance frequency of the system is high enough the
typical properties of the specimen are clearly visible
Resonance ge 3 x natural frequency of the specimen
Instrumented Impact Testing 102015
Mareike Arnold
Tests and Curves
19
High enough measurement
system frequency
Instrumented Impact Testing 102015
Mareike Arnold
Instrumented Impact Testing
20
The force ndash time function is measured by instrumentation
119865
119898
E ndash energy t ndash time F ndash force s ndash travel deformation m ndash mass
Instrumented Impact Testing 102015
Mareike Arnold
Instrumented Impact Testing
21
The acceleration (a) is directly related to the force signal The
travel (s) can be obtained by double integration of (a)
119865 = 119898 lowast 119886
119886 = 119865119898
Integration
Integration
F ndash force (measured) m ndash mass of the pendulum hammer a ndash acceleration v ndash velocity s ndash travel t ndash time
Instrumented Impact Testing 102015
Mareike Arnold
E specimen = 119865 119904 119889119904
119886119888119880 119900119903 119873=
119864119904119901119890119888119894119898119890119899
119904119901119890119888119894119898119890119899 119888119903119900119904119904 119904119890119888119905119894119900119899
in 119896119869119898sup2]
Instrumented Impact Testing
22
The resilience (E ) can be obtained by integration of the force-
travel curve
E ndash energy W ndash work (energy) F ndash force s ndash travel deformation
10 mm
4 mm
Instrumented Impact Testing 102015
Mareike Arnold
Agenda
23
Pendulum Impact Testing - Basics
Instrumented Impact Testing
Tests and Curves
Summary
Instrumented Impact Testing 102015
Mareike Arnold
Tests and Curves
24
FI ndash Maximum of inertia
Contact between
pendulum hammer and
specimen breaks off
FM ndash maximum force
sM ndash deflection at
maximum force
Instrumented Impact Testing 102015
Mareike Arnold
Tests and Curves
25
4mm
Instrumented Impact Testing 102015
Mareike Arnold
Tests and Curves
26
Which type of break is shown here
no break
Instrumented Impact Testing 102015
Mareike Arnold
Tests and Curves
27
Which type of break is shown here
brittle break
Instrumented Impact Testing 102015
Mareike Arnold
Tests and Curves
28
Which type of break is shown here
tough break
Instrumented Impact Testing 102015
Mareike Arnold
Tests and Curves
29
Which type of break is shown here
splitter break
Instrumented Impact Testing 102015
Mareike Arnold
Agenda
30
Pendulum Impact Testing - Basics
Instrumented Impact Testing
Tests and Curves
Summary
Instrumented Impact Testing 102015
Mareike Arnold
Summary
31
Zwickrsquos HIT series - a complete product range for impact
testing
Four different test methods are standardized Charpy Izod tensile-impact and
Dynstat
Conventional impact machines determine the resilience as a function of the
angle of raise of the pendulum
Only the Charpy method is standardized as an instrumented method even
though other instrumented methods are technically available (ISO 179 ndash 2)
Additional information on the material properties can be identified by
instrumentation
The type of break can be automatically
detected through instrumented tests
Fracture mechanic behavior can be determined
Instrumented Impact Testing 102015
Mareike Arnold
Instrumented Impact Testing
17
If the natural frequency of the system is too low the measured
signal will be dithered and the test result is not usable
Instrumented Impact Testing 102015
Mareike Arnold
Instrumented Impact Testing
18
If the resonance frequency of the system is high enough the
typical properties of the specimen are clearly visible
Resonance ge 3 x natural frequency of the specimen
Instrumented Impact Testing 102015
Mareike Arnold
Tests and Curves
19
High enough measurement
system frequency
Instrumented Impact Testing 102015
Mareike Arnold
Instrumented Impact Testing
20
The force ndash time function is measured by instrumentation
119865
119898
E ndash energy t ndash time F ndash force s ndash travel deformation m ndash mass
Instrumented Impact Testing 102015
Mareike Arnold
Instrumented Impact Testing
21
The acceleration (a) is directly related to the force signal The
travel (s) can be obtained by double integration of (a)
119865 = 119898 lowast 119886
119886 = 119865119898
Integration
Integration
F ndash force (measured) m ndash mass of the pendulum hammer a ndash acceleration v ndash velocity s ndash travel t ndash time
Instrumented Impact Testing 102015
Mareike Arnold
E specimen = 119865 119904 119889119904
119886119888119880 119900119903 119873=
119864119904119901119890119888119894119898119890119899
119904119901119890119888119894119898119890119899 119888119903119900119904119904 119904119890119888119905119894119900119899
in 119896119869119898sup2]
Instrumented Impact Testing
22
The resilience (E ) can be obtained by integration of the force-
travel curve
E ndash energy W ndash work (energy) F ndash force s ndash travel deformation
10 mm
4 mm
Instrumented Impact Testing 102015
Mareike Arnold
Agenda
23
Pendulum Impact Testing - Basics
Instrumented Impact Testing
Tests and Curves
Summary
Instrumented Impact Testing 102015
Mareike Arnold
Tests and Curves
24
FI ndash Maximum of inertia
Contact between
pendulum hammer and
specimen breaks off
FM ndash maximum force
sM ndash deflection at
maximum force
Instrumented Impact Testing 102015
Mareike Arnold
Tests and Curves
25
4mm
Instrumented Impact Testing 102015
Mareike Arnold
Tests and Curves
26
Which type of break is shown here
no break
Instrumented Impact Testing 102015
Mareike Arnold
Tests and Curves
27
Which type of break is shown here
brittle break
Instrumented Impact Testing 102015
Mareike Arnold
Tests and Curves
28
Which type of break is shown here
tough break
Instrumented Impact Testing 102015
Mareike Arnold
Tests and Curves
29
Which type of break is shown here
splitter break
Instrumented Impact Testing 102015
Mareike Arnold
Agenda
30
Pendulum Impact Testing - Basics
Instrumented Impact Testing
Tests and Curves
Summary
Instrumented Impact Testing 102015
Mareike Arnold
Summary
31
Zwickrsquos HIT series - a complete product range for impact
testing
Four different test methods are standardized Charpy Izod tensile-impact and
Dynstat
Conventional impact machines determine the resilience as a function of the
angle of raise of the pendulum
Only the Charpy method is standardized as an instrumented method even
though other instrumented methods are technically available (ISO 179 ndash 2)
Additional information on the material properties can be identified by
instrumentation
The type of break can be automatically
detected through instrumented tests
Fracture mechanic behavior can be determined
Instrumented Impact Testing 102015
Mareike Arnold
Instrumented Impact Testing
18
If the resonance frequency of the system is high enough the
typical properties of the specimen are clearly visible
Resonance ge 3 x natural frequency of the specimen
Instrumented Impact Testing 102015
Mareike Arnold
Tests and Curves
19
High enough measurement
system frequency
Instrumented Impact Testing 102015
Mareike Arnold
Instrumented Impact Testing
20
The force ndash time function is measured by instrumentation
119865
119898
E ndash energy t ndash time F ndash force s ndash travel deformation m ndash mass
Instrumented Impact Testing 102015
Mareike Arnold
Instrumented Impact Testing
21
The acceleration (a) is directly related to the force signal The
travel (s) can be obtained by double integration of (a)
119865 = 119898 lowast 119886
119886 = 119865119898
Integration
Integration
F ndash force (measured) m ndash mass of the pendulum hammer a ndash acceleration v ndash velocity s ndash travel t ndash time
Instrumented Impact Testing 102015
Mareike Arnold
E specimen = 119865 119904 119889119904
119886119888119880 119900119903 119873=
119864119904119901119890119888119894119898119890119899
119904119901119890119888119894119898119890119899 119888119903119900119904119904 119904119890119888119905119894119900119899
in 119896119869119898sup2]
Instrumented Impact Testing
22
The resilience (E ) can be obtained by integration of the force-
travel curve
E ndash energy W ndash work (energy) F ndash force s ndash travel deformation
10 mm
4 mm
Instrumented Impact Testing 102015
Mareike Arnold
Agenda
23
Pendulum Impact Testing - Basics
Instrumented Impact Testing
Tests and Curves
Summary
Instrumented Impact Testing 102015
Mareike Arnold
Tests and Curves
24
FI ndash Maximum of inertia
Contact between
pendulum hammer and
specimen breaks off
FM ndash maximum force
sM ndash deflection at
maximum force
Instrumented Impact Testing 102015
Mareike Arnold
Tests and Curves
25
4mm
Instrumented Impact Testing 102015
Mareike Arnold
Tests and Curves
26
Which type of break is shown here
no break
Instrumented Impact Testing 102015
Mareike Arnold
Tests and Curves
27
Which type of break is shown here
brittle break
Instrumented Impact Testing 102015
Mareike Arnold
Tests and Curves
28
Which type of break is shown here
tough break
Instrumented Impact Testing 102015
Mareike Arnold
Tests and Curves
29
Which type of break is shown here
splitter break
Instrumented Impact Testing 102015
Mareike Arnold
Agenda
30
Pendulum Impact Testing - Basics
Instrumented Impact Testing
Tests and Curves
Summary
Instrumented Impact Testing 102015
Mareike Arnold
Summary
31
Zwickrsquos HIT series - a complete product range for impact
testing
Four different test methods are standardized Charpy Izod tensile-impact and
Dynstat
Conventional impact machines determine the resilience as a function of the
angle of raise of the pendulum
Only the Charpy method is standardized as an instrumented method even
though other instrumented methods are technically available (ISO 179 ndash 2)
Additional information on the material properties can be identified by
instrumentation
The type of break can be automatically
detected through instrumented tests
Fracture mechanic behavior can be determined
Instrumented Impact Testing 102015
Mareike Arnold
Tests and Curves
19
High enough measurement
system frequency
Instrumented Impact Testing 102015
Mareike Arnold
Instrumented Impact Testing
20
The force ndash time function is measured by instrumentation
119865
119898
E ndash energy t ndash time F ndash force s ndash travel deformation m ndash mass
Instrumented Impact Testing 102015
Mareike Arnold
Instrumented Impact Testing
21
The acceleration (a) is directly related to the force signal The
travel (s) can be obtained by double integration of (a)
119865 = 119898 lowast 119886
119886 = 119865119898
Integration
Integration
F ndash force (measured) m ndash mass of the pendulum hammer a ndash acceleration v ndash velocity s ndash travel t ndash time
Instrumented Impact Testing 102015
Mareike Arnold
E specimen = 119865 119904 119889119904
119886119888119880 119900119903 119873=
119864119904119901119890119888119894119898119890119899
119904119901119890119888119894119898119890119899 119888119903119900119904119904 119904119890119888119905119894119900119899
in 119896119869119898sup2]
Instrumented Impact Testing
22
The resilience (E ) can be obtained by integration of the force-
travel curve
E ndash energy W ndash work (energy) F ndash force s ndash travel deformation
10 mm
4 mm
Instrumented Impact Testing 102015
Mareike Arnold
Agenda
23
Pendulum Impact Testing - Basics
Instrumented Impact Testing
Tests and Curves
Summary
Instrumented Impact Testing 102015
Mareike Arnold
Tests and Curves
24
FI ndash Maximum of inertia
Contact between
pendulum hammer and
specimen breaks off
FM ndash maximum force
sM ndash deflection at
maximum force
Instrumented Impact Testing 102015
Mareike Arnold
Tests and Curves
25
4mm
Instrumented Impact Testing 102015
Mareike Arnold
Tests and Curves
26
Which type of break is shown here
no break
Instrumented Impact Testing 102015
Mareike Arnold
Tests and Curves
27
Which type of break is shown here
brittle break
Instrumented Impact Testing 102015
Mareike Arnold
Tests and Curves
28
Which type of break is shown here
tough break
Instrumented Impact Testing 102015
Mareike Arnold
Tests and Curves
29
Which type of break is shown here
splitter break
Instrumented Impact Testing 102015
Mareike Arnold
Agenda
30
Pendulum Impact Testing - Basics
Instrumented Impact Testing
Tests and Curves
Summary
Instrumented Impact Testing 102015
Mareike Arnold
Summary
31
Zwickrsquos HIT series - a complete product range for impact
testing
Four different test methods are standardized Charpy Izod tensile-impact and
Dynstat
Conventional impact machines determine the resilience as a function of the
angle of raise of the pendulum
Only the Charpy method is standardized as an instrumented method even
though other instrumented methods are technically available (ISO 179 ndash 2)
Additional information on the material properties can be identified by
instrumentation
The type of break can be automatically
detected through instrumented tests
Fracture mechanic behavior can be determined
Instrumented Impact Testing 102015
Mareike Arnold
Instrumented Impact Testing
20
The force ndash time function is measured by instrumentation
119865
119898
E ndash energy t ndash time F ndash force s ndash travel deformation m ndash mass
Instrumented Impact Testing 102015
Mareike Arnold
Instrumented Impact Testing
21
The acceleration (a) is directly related to the force signal The
travel (s) can be obtained by double integration of (a)
119865 = 119898 lowast 119886
119886 = 119865119898
Integration
Integration
F ndash force (measured) m ndash mass of the pendulum hammer a ndash acceleration v ndash velocity s ndash travel t ndash time
Instrumented Impact Testing 102015
Mareike Arnold
E specimen = 119865 119904 119889119904
119886119888119880 119900119903 119873=
119864119904119901119890119888119894119898119890119899
119904119901119890119888119894119898119890119899 119888119903119900119904119904 119904119890119888119905119894119900119899
in 119896119869119898sup2]
Instrumented Impact Testing
22
The resilience (E ) can be obtained by integration of the force-
travel curve
E ndash energy W ndash work (energy) F ndash force s ndash travel deformation
10 mm
4 mm
Instrumented Impact Testing 102015
Mareike Arnold
Agenda
23
Pendulum Impact Testing - Basics
Instrumented Impact Testing
Tests and Curves
Summary
Instrumented Impact Testing 102015
Mareike Arnold
Tests and Curves
24
FI ndash Maximum of inertia
Contact between
pendulum hammer and
specimen breaks off
FM ndash maximum force
sM ndash deflection at
maximum force
Instrumented Impact Testing 102015
Mareike Arnold
Tests and Curves
25
4mm
Instrumented Impact Testing 102015
Mareike Arnold
Tests and Curves
26
Which type of break is shown here
no break
Instrumented Impact Testing 102015
Mareike Arnold
Tests and Curves
27
Which type of break is shown here
brittle break
Instrumented Impact Testing 102015
Mareike Arnold
Tests and Curves
28
Which type of break is shown here
tough break
Instrumented Impact Testing 102015
Mareike Arnold
Tests and Curves
29
Which type of break is shown here
splitter break
Instrumented Impact Testing 102015
Mareike Arnold
Agenda
30
Pendulum Impact Testing - Basics
Instrumented Impact Testing
Tests and Curves
Summary
Instrumented Impact Testing 102015
Mareike Arnold
Summary
31
Zwickrsquos HIT series - a complete product range for impact
testing
Four different test methods are standardized Charpy Izod tensile-impact and
Dynstat
Conventional impact machines determine the resilience as a function of the
angle of raise of the pendulum
Only the Charpy method is standardized as an instrumented method even
though other instrumented methods are technically available (ISO 179 ndash 2)
Additional information on the material properties can be identified by
instrumentation
The type of break can be automatically
detected through instrumented tests
Fracture mechanic behavior can be determined
Instrumented Impact Testing 102015
Mareike Arnold
Instrumented Impact Testing
21
The acceleration (a) is directly related to the force signal The
travel (s) can be obtained by double integration of (a)
119865 = 119898 lowast 119886
119886 = 119865119898
Integration
Integration
F ndash force (measured) m ndash mass of the pendulum hammer a ndash acceleration v ndash velocity s ndash travel t ndash time
Instrumented Impact Testing 102015
Mareike Arnold
E specimen = 119865 119904 119889119904
119886119888119880 119900119903 119873=
119864119904119901119890119888119894119898119890119899
119904119901119890119888119894119898119890119899 119888119903119900119904119904 119904119890119888119905119894119900119899
in 119896119869119898sup2]
Instrumented Impact Testing
22
The resilience (E ) can be obtained by integration of the force-
travel curve
E ndash energy W ndash work (energy) F ndash force s ndash travel deformation
10 mm
4 mm
Instrumented Impact Testing 102015
Mareike Arnold
Agenda
23
Pendulum Impact Testing - Basics
Instrumented Impact Testing
Tests and Curves
Summary
Instrumented Impact Testing 102015
Mareike Arnold
Tests and Curves
24
FI ndash Maximum of inertia
Contact between
pendulum hammer and
specimen breaks off
FM ndash maximum force
sM ndash deflection at
maximum force
Instrumented Impact Testing 102015
Mareike Arnold
Tests and Curves
25
4mm
Instrumented Impact Testing 102015
Mareike Arnold
Tests and Curves
26
Which type of break is shown here
no break
Instrumented Impact Testing 102015
Mareike Arnold
Tests and Curves
27
Which type of break is shown here
brittle break
Instrumented Impact Testing 102015
Mareike Arnold
Tests and Curves
28
Which type of break is shown here
tough break
Instrumented Impact Testing 102015
Mareike Arnold
Tests and Curves
29
Which type of break is shown here
splitter break
Instrumented Impact Testing 102015
Mareike Arnold
Agenda
30
Pendulum Impact Testing - Basics
Instrumented Impact Testing
Tests and Curves
Summary
Instrumented Impact Testing 102015
Mareike Arnold
Summary
31
Zwickrsquos HIT series - a complete product range for impact
testing
Four different test methods are standardized Charpy Izod tensile-impact and
Dynstat
Conventional impact machines determine the resilience as a function of the
angle of raise of the pendulum
Only the Charpy method is standardized as an instrumented method even
though other instrumented methods are technically available (ISO 179 ndash 2)
Additional information on the material properties can be identified by
instrumentation
The type of break can be automatically
detected through instrumented tests
Fracture mechanic behavior can be determined
Instrumented Impact Testing 102015
Mareike Arnold
E specimen = 119865 119904 119889119904
119886119888119880 119900119903 119873=
119864119904119901119890119888119894119898119890119899
119904119901119890119888119894119898119890119899 119888119903119900119904119904 119904119890119888119905119894119900119899
in 119896119869119898sup2]
Instrumented Impact Testing
22
The resilience (E ) can be obtained by integration of the force-
travel curve
E ndash energy W ndash work (energy) F ndash force s ndash travel deformation
10 mm
4 mm
Instrumented Impact Testing 102015
Mareike Arnold
Agenda
23
Pendulum Impact Testing - Basics
Instrumented Impact Testing
Tests and Curves
Summary
Instrumented Impact Testing 102015
Mareike Arnold
Tests and Curves
24
FI ndash Maximum of inertia
Contact between
pendulum hammer and
specimen breaks off
FM ndash maximum force
sM ndash deflection at
maximum force
Instrumented Impact Testing 102015
Mareike Arnold
Tests and Curves
25
4mm
Instrumented Impact Testing 102015
Mareike Arnold
Tests and Curves
26
Which type of break is shown here
no break
Instrumented Impact Testing 102015
Mareike Arnold
Tests and Curves
27
Which type of break is shown here
brittle break
Instrumented Impact Testing 102015
Mareike Arnold
Tests and Curves
28
Which type of break is shown here
tough break
Instrumented Impact Testing 102015
Mareike Arnold
Tests and Curves
29
Which type of break is shown here
splitter break
Instrumented Impact Testing 102015
Mareike Arnold
Agenda
30
Pendulum Impact Testing - Basics
Instrumented Impact Testing
Tests and Curves
Summary
Instrumented Impact Testing 102015
Mareike Arnold
Summary
31
Zwickrsquos HIT series - a complete product range for impact
testing
Four different test methods are standardized Charpy Izod tensile-impact and
Dynstat
Conventional impact machines determine the resilience as a function of the
angle of raise of the pendulum
Only the Charpy method is standardized as an instrumented method even
though other instrumented methods are technically available (ISO 179 ndash 2)
Additional information on the material properties can be identified by
instrumentation
The type of break can be automatically
detected through instrumented tests
Fracture mechanic behavior can be determined
Instrumented Impact Testing 102015
Mareike Arnold
Agenda
23
Pendulum Impact Testing - Basics
Instrumented Impact Testing
Tests and Curves
Summary
Instrumented Impact Testing 102015
Mareike Arnold
Tests and Curves
24
FI ndash Maximum of inertia
Contact between
pendulum hammer and
specimen breaks off
FM ndash maximum force
sM ndash deflection at
maximum force
Instrumented Impact Testing 102015
Mareike Arnold
Tests and Curves
25
4mm
Instrumented Impact Testing 102015
Mareike Arnold
Tests and Curves
26
Which type of break is shown here
no break
Instrumented Impact Testing 102015
Mareike Arnold
Tests and Curves
27
Which type of break is shown here
brittle break
Instrumented Impact Testing 102015
Mareike Arnold
Tests and Curves
28
Which type of break is shown here
tough break
Instrumented Impact Testing 102015
Mareike Arnold
Tests and Curves
29
Which type of break is shown here
splitter break
Instrumented Impact Testing 102015
Mareike Arnold
Agenda
30
Pendulum Impact Testing - Basics
Instrumented Impact Testing
Tests and Curves
Summary
Instrumented Impact Testing 102015
Mareike Arnold
Summary
31
Zwickrsquos HIT series - a complete product range for impact
testing
Four different test methods are standardized Charpy Izod tensile-impact and
Dynstat
Conventional impact machines determine the resilience as a function of the
angle of raise of the pendulum
Only the Charpy method is standardized as an instrumented method even
though other instrumented methods are technically available (ISO 179 ndash 2)
Additional information on the material properties can be identified by
instrumentation
The type of break can be automatically
detected through instrumented tests
Fracture mechanic behavior can be determined
Instrumented Impact Testing 102015
Mareike Arnold
Tests and Curves
24
FI ndash Maximum of inertia
Contact between
pendulum hammer and
specimen breaks off
FM ndash maximum force
sM ndash deflection at
maximum force
Instrumented Impact Testing 102015
Mareike Arnold
Tests and Curves
25
4mm
Instrumented Impact Testing 102015
Mareike Arnold
Tests and Curves
26
Which type of break is shown here
no break
Instrumented Impact Testing 102015
Mareike Arnold
Tests and Curves
27
Which type of break is shown here
brittle break
Instrumented Impact Testing 102015
Mareike Arnold
Tests and Curves
28
Which type of break is shown here
tough break
Instrumented Impact Testing 102015
Mareike Arnold
Tests and Curves
29
Which type of break is shown here
splitter break
Instrumented Impact Testing 102015
Mareike Arnold
Agenda
30
Pendulum Impact Testing - Basics
Instrumented Impact Testing
Tests and Curves
Summary
Instrumented Impact Testing 102015
Mareike Arnold
Summary
31
Zwickrsquos HIT series - a complete product range for impact
testing
Four different test methods are standardized Charpy Izod tensile-impact and
Dynstat
Conventional impact machines determine the resilience as a function of the
angle of raise of the pendulum
Only the Charpy method is standardized as an instrumented method even
though other instrumented methods are technically available (ISO 179 ndash 2)
Additional information on the material properties can be identified by
instrumentation
The type of break can be automatically
detected through instrumented tests
Fracture mechanic behavior can be determined
Instrumented Impact Testing 102015
Mareike Arnold
Tests and Curves
25
4mm
Instrumented Impact Testing 102015
Mareike Arnold
Tests and Curves
26
Which type of break is shown here
no break
Instrumented Impact Testing 102015
Mareike Arnold
Tests and Curves
27
Which type of break is shown here
brittle break
Instrumented Impact Testing 102015
Mareike Arnold
Tests and Curves
28
Which type of break is shown here
tough break
Instrumented Impact Testing 102015
Mareike Arnold
Tests and Curves
29
Which type of break is shown here
splitter break
Instrumented Impact Testing 102015
Mareike Arnold
Agenda
30
Pendulum Impact Testing - Basics
Instrumented Impact Testing
Tests and Curves
Summary
Instrumented Impact Testing 102015
Mareike Arnold
Summary
31
Zwickrsquos HIT series - a complete product range for impact
testing
Four different test methods are standardized Charpy Izod tensile-impact and
Dynstat
Conventional impact machines determine the resilience as a function of the
angle of raise of the pendulum
Only the Charpy method is standardized as an instrumented method even
though other instrumented methods are technically available (ISO 179 ndash 2)
Additional information on the material properties can be identified by
instrumentation
The type of break can be automatically
detected through instrumented tests
Fracture mechanic behavior can be determined
Instrumented Impact Testing 102015
Mareike Arnold
Tests and Curves
26
Which type of break is shown here
no break
Instrumented Impact Testing 102015
Mareike Arnold
Tests and Curves
27
Which type of break is shown here
brittle break
Instrumented Impact Testing 102015
Mareike Arnold
Tests and Curves
28
Which type of break is shown here
tough break
Instrumented Impact Testing 102015
Mareike Arnold
Tests and Curves
29
Which type of break is shown here
splitter break
Instrumented Impact Testing 102015
Mareike Arnold
Agenda
30
Pendulum Impact Testing - Basics
Instrumented Impact Testing
Tests and Curves
Summary
Instrumented Impact Testing 102015
Mareike Arnold
Summary
31
Zwickrsquos HIT series - a complete product range for impact
testing
Four different test methods are standardized Charpy Izod tensile-impact and
Dynstat
Conventional impact machines determine the resilience as a function of the
angle of raise of the pendulum
Only the Charpy method is standardized as an instrumented method even
though other instrumented methods are technically available (ISO 179 ndash 2)
Additional information on the material properties can be identified by
instrumentation
The type of break can be automatically
detected through instrumented tests
Fracture mechanic behavior can be determined
Instrumented Impact Testing 102015
Mareike Arnold
Tests and Curves
27
Which type of break is shown here
brittle break
Instrumented Impact Testing 102015
Mareike Arnold
Tests and Curves
28
Which type of break is shown here
tough break
Instrumented Impact Testing 102015
Mareike Arnold
Tests and Curves
29
Which type of break is shown here
splitter break
Instrumented Impact Testing 102015
Mareike Arnold
Agenda
30
Pendulum Impact Testing - Basics
Instrumented Impact Testing
Tests and Curves
Summary
Instrumented Impact Testing 102015
Mareike Arnold
Summary
31
Zwickrsquos HIT series - a complete product range for impact
testing
Four different test methods are standardized Charpy Izod tensile-impact and
Dynstat
Conventional impact machines determine the resilience as a function of the
angle of raise of the pendulum
Only the Charpy method is standardized as an instrumented method even
though other instrumented methods are technically available (ISO 179 ndash 2)
Additional information on the material properties can be identified by
instrumentation
The type of break can be automatically
detected through instrumented tests
Fracture mechanic behavior can be determined
Instrumented Impact Testing 102015
Mareike Arnold
Tests and Curves
28
Which type of break is shown here
tough break
Instrumented Impact Testing 102015
Mareike Arnold
Tests and Curves
29
Which type of break is shown here
splitter break
Instrumented Impact Testing 102015
Mareike Arnold
Agenda
30
Pendulum Impact Testing - Basics
Instrumented Impact Testing
Tests and Curves
Summary
Instrumented Impact Testing 102015
Mareike Arnold
Summary
31
Zwickrsquos HIT series - a complete product range for impact
testing
Four different test methods are standardized Charpy Izod tensile-impact and
Dynstat
Conventional impact machines determine the resilience as a function of the
angle of raise of the pendulum
Only the Charpy method is standardized as an instrumented method even
though other instrumented methods are technically available (ISO 179 ndash 2)
Additional information on the material properties can be identified by
instrumentation
The type of break can be automatically
detected through instrumented tests
Fracture mechanic behavior can be determined
Instrumented Impact Testing 102015
Mareike Arnold
Tests and Curves
29
Which type of break is shown here
splitter break
Instrumented Impact Testing 102015
Mareike Arnold
Agenda
30
Pendulum Impact Testing - Basics
Instrumented Impact Testing
Tests and Curves
Summary
Instrumented Impact Testing 102015
Mareike Arnold
Summary
31
Zwickrsquos HIT series - a complete product range for impact
testing
Four different test methods are standardized Charpy Izod tensile-impact and
Dynstat
Conventional impact machines determine the resilience as a function of the
angle of raise of the pendulum
Only the Charpy method is standardized as an instrumented method even
though other instrumented methods are technically available (ISO 179 ndash 2)
Additional information on the material properties can be identified by
instrumentation
The type of break can be automatically
detected through instrumented tests
Fracture mechanic behavior can be determined
Instrumented Impact Testing 102015
Mareike Arnold
Agenda
30
Pendulum Impact Testing - Basics
Instrumented Impact Testing
Tests and Curves
Summary
Instrumented Impact Testing 102015
Mareike Arnold
Summary
31
Zwickrsquos HIT series - a complete product range for impact
testing
Four different test methods are standardized Charpy Izod tensile-impact and
Dynstat
Conventional impact machines determine the resilience as a function of the
angle of raise of the pendulum
Only the Charpy method is standardized as an instrumented method even
though other instrumented methods are technically available (ISO 179 ndash 2)
Additional information on the material properties can be identified by
instrumentation
The type of break can be automatically
detected through instrumented tests
Fracture mechanic behavior can be determined
Instrumented Impact Testing 102015
Mareike Arnold
Summary
31
Zwickrsquos HIT series - a complete product range for impact
testing
Four different test methods are standardized Charpy Izod tensile-impact and
Dynstat
Conventional impact machines determine the resilience as a function of the
angle of raise of the pendulum
Only the Charpy method is standardized as an instrumented method even
though other instrumented methods are technically available (ISO 179 ndash 2)
Additional information on the material properties can be identified by
instrumentation
The type of break can be automatically
detected through instrumented tests
Fracture mechanic behavior can be determined