integration of geosciences and engineeringscholar.cu.edu.eg/sayyouh/files/3.integration_of... ·...

Integration of Geosciences

and Engineering

03/01/2018

Dr.M.Helmy Sayyouh Petroleum Engineering

Cairo University

1

It was stated previously that:

"It is the responsibility of industry managers to

encourage full coordination of geologists,

geophysicists, and petroleum engineers to

advance petroleum exploration, development,

and production."

03/01/2018

Dr.M.Helmy Sayyouh - Cairo University

2

The concept of increased interaction between

geologists and reservoir engineers through

multifunctional team and cross training between the disciplines was already

presented.

Very seldom does a production geologist get

in depth experience in reservoir engineering

and vice versa .

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3

Integrated reservoir management training for geoscientists and engineers offered by many major oil and gas companies is designed to address these needs.

03/01/2018


4

Three case histories where the geology and reservoir engineering relationship was promoted through both a team approachand an individual approach were studied.

The results of the three cases (project-based approach, team-based approach, and multi-skilled individual approach) were very positive.

03/01/2018


5

Synergy and team concepts are the

essential elements for integration of

geosciences and engineering.

It involves people, technology, tools,

and data.

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6

Success for integration depends on:

Overall understanding of the reservoir

management process, technology, and tools

through integrated training and integrated job

assignments.

Openness, flexibility, communication, and

coordination.

Working as a team.

Persistence.

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7

It is essential that geological and

engineering ideas and reasoning be

incorporated into all seismic results if

the full economic value of the seismic

data is to be realized.

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8

Seismologists may overlook a

possible extension in a proven area

because of their unfamiliarity with

the detailed geology and

engineering data obtained through

development.

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9

Geological and engineering data should be

reviewed and coordinated with the

geophysicists to determine whether or not an

extension is possible for the drilling of an

exploratory well.

Most of the difficulties encountered in

incorporating geological and engineering

knowledge into seismic results and vice versa

may be averted by an exchange of these

ideas between the three disciplines.

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10

A 3D-seismic analysis can lead to

identification of reserves that may not be

produced optimally by the existing

reservoir management plan.

It can save costs by minimizing dry holes

and poor producers.

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11

The initial interpretation of a 3D-seismic survey affects the original development plan.

With the development of the field, additional information is collected and is used to revise and refine the original interpretation.

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12

The geophysicists interpretation of the 3D-

seismic data may be combined with the

other relevant information regarding the

reservoir (i.e., trap, fault, fracture pattern,

shapes of the deposits).

The reservoir engineer can use the seismic

volume to understand lateral changes.

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13

The 3D-seismic analysis can be used to

look at the flow of fluids in a reservoir.

It has been successfully applied in

thermal recovery projects.

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14

High frequency seismic waves

capable of traveling long inter-well

distances can be generated without

damaging the bore hole.

03/01/2018


15

Current applications focus on the monitoring of enhanced oil recovery processes, but most important is the potential of the method to improve our geological knowledge of the reservoir.

03/01/2018


16

Most cross-well seismic surveys have been done for the purpose of mapping steam zones in steam flood operations.

The presence of live steam in the reservoir sharply reduces the wave velocity.

For high-gravity oils in unconsolidated sand reservoirs the seismic wave velocity decreases significantly with increased temperature.

Seismic velocities can be used as a measure of reservoir temperature and/or an indicator of live steam within the reservoir.

03/01/2018


17

A number of oil fields in the San Joaquin Valley of

California are characterized by high-gravity oil and

shallow, unconsolidated reservoir rocks (e.g., Midway

Sunset).

Many of these fields, including Midway Sunset, have

undergone years of steam drive to enhance oil

recovery.

Although most of this steam drives programs have been

successful, there are common problems of poor sweep

efficiency, gravity override, and steam channeling

through zones of high permeability.

It may be possible to reduce these problems by

injecting foam along with the steam in order to partially

plug these high-permeable zones.

03/01/2018


18

It is important to establish the location of the steam front during the course of the steam drive and to determine the effectiveness of the foam injection in altering any undesirable steam movement.

Temperature-monitoring wells are drilled. However, they are expensive

Since seismic velocities are a sensitive function of temperature and phase of the reservoir fluids, and since surface seismic data is of very poor quality at Midway Sunset, cross-well seismic tomography surveys have been conducted in order to map the steam front.

03/01/2018


19

The geological activities required for constructing

realistic mathematical reservoir models was

determined.

These models are used increasingly to evaluate both

new and mature fields and to determine the most efficient management scheme.

The geologist must develop quantitative data. It is

important that the geologist and the engineer understand each other's data.

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20

Both engineering and geological

judgment must guide the development

and use of the simulation model.

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21

The geologist usually concentrates on the rock attributes in four stages:

Rock studies establish lithology and determine depositional environment, and reservoir rock is

distinguished from non-reservoir rock.

Framework studies establish the structural style and

determine the three-dimensional continuity

character and gross-thickness trends of the

reservoir rock.

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22

Reservoir quality studies determine the framework variability of the reservoir rock in terms of porosity, permeability, and capillary properties.

Integration studies develop the hydrocarbon pore volume and fluid transmissibility patterns in three dimensions.

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23

The geologist requires input and feedback from

the engineer.

Core analysis measurements of samples

selected by the geologist provide data for the

preliminary identification of reservoir rock

types.

Well test studies aid in recognizing flow

barriers, fractures, and variations in

permeability.

Simulation studies can be used to test the

physical model against pressure-production

performance; adjustments are made to the

model until a match is achieved.

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24

The geological models are directly interfaced to the reservoir simulator.

The reservoir engineer utilizes the complex reservoir description provided by the geologist for field development planning.

The reservoir engineer routinely and readily updates the model with new data or interpretations and quickly provides consistent maps and cross-section.

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25

The geologist can input structural and

stratigraphic concepts as a series of computer

grids honoring the geologic tops.

Interpolations of logged porosity and other data

from wells are controlled by this stratigraphic

framework and fill a 3-D matrix of cells.

Additional geological features critical to

reservoir performance can be added to

complete the geologist's picture of the reservoir.

03/01/2018


26

Excellent example of synergistic combination of geo-

statistics, 3-D seismic data, and well log data which contributed to the success in pinpointing infill drilling

targets in Kingdom Abo field in Terry County, Texas.

In this project, geo-statistics is a powerful tool for

reservoir characterization. It utilizes all well data in a

manner that adheres to a model based on statistical

and user defined spatial correlations.

When coupled with 3-D seismic, the end product is an

interpretation of the reservoir that can be used to

pinpoint additional development drilling locations.

03/01/2018


27

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