integrative building modeling 2012 final project

designsjojugi

10jan feb mar apr may jun jul aug sep oct nov dec annual

20

30

40

50

60F º

month

70

comfort zone

comfort zone

average low

average high

average high temperature

mean

recorded low

recorded low temperature

recorded high

recorded high temperature

80

90

100

110

average low temperature

thermal comfort is when body’s effort to regulate temperature is at its minimum

0500

10152025303540455055

minimum wind speed

average humidity

average wind speed

maximun wind speed

wind speed and humidy

450%

100%

50

55

ew

s

n

building type b

zoning type commercial

parkingoffice building parking restrictions 0.5-3 parking spaces per 1000 square feetrestaurants parking restrictions 10-25 parking spaces per 1000 square feetretail parking restrictions 2-4 parking spaces per 1000 square feet

height restrictions occupancy groups office building type b construction type 1 hour sprinkler max: 6 stories or 85’ construction type 2 hour sprinkler max: 12 stories 180’egress business mas travel distance unsprinkled 200’ sprinkled 300’ max common path of egress travel unsprinkled 75’ sprinkled 100’ largest roof or area with only one means of egress:49 occupants minimum length of dead end coridoor: unsprinkled 20’ sprinkled 50’ door width minimum 32” net clear maximum 48” nominal mimimum clear corridor width 44” serving more than 49 occupants 36” serving 49 or fewer occupants minimum stair width 44” serving more than 49 occupants 36” serving 49 or fewer occupants

yard requirements

(1) b. on corner lots, the front setback shall be no less than zero (0) feet

and no greater than the setback established by the development on the

adjacent lot.

landscaping requirements.

(1) no less than ninety (90) percent of the required front yard excluding paved curb returns or driveways up to a minimum of ten (10) percent of the total development lot area shall be landscaped and permanently maintained, except that:

a. interior courtyards shall not be included in any required landscaping.

b. buildings with zero (0) front and side setback shall not be required to have any on-site landscaping except that when a structure with zero (0) setback has adjacent parking ten (10) percent of that parking area must be landscaped.

(2) the parkway areas of adjacent rights-of-way, excluding paved curb cuts and driveways, shall be landscaped and permanently maintained. this shall be in addition to the landscaping required above. any landscaping placed in the parkway must be in compliance with section 29-30(b)(6)i.3. of the zoning ordinance.

(3) all required landscaping must be visible from the public right-of-way and placed for maximum enhancement of the property and the broadway corridor.

(4) landscaping shall meet the requirements of section 29-3(62), except that hard surface materials shall include only brick, stone, and modular pavers. landscaping shall not include the use of smooth, patterned, colored or aggregate poured-in-place concrete or asphalt. 5) any landscaping placed within the visibility triangle of a corner lot shall be in compliance with the vision clearance standards of this section.

(6) off-street parking of motor vehicles immediately adjacent to any street shall be screened from the street by a two and one-half foot (2 1/2) solid fence. such fencing shall be placed immediately adjacent to the parking area in accordance with subsection 29-19.1(p)(1) of this section and set back no more than six (6) feet. the area between the fence and the property line, if any, must be landscaped and permanently maintained according to the landscape section of this ordinance.

(7) all landscaped areas on the development tract and adjacent parkway shall have immediate availability of water (i.e., a water faucet) or an irrigation system, either system to be capable of sustaining plant materials. irrigation systems shall meet acceptable industry standards.

(8) irrigation systems adjacent to public streets shall not spray onto adjacent streets or gutters.

(9) when seasonal conditions warrant, the building official may issue a temporary certificate of occupancy for sixty (60), ninety (90), or one hundred twenty (120) days pending completion of landscaping. no final certificate of occupancy shall be issued prior to completion of landscape requirements

vision clearance

(1) front yards. in a front yard, no wall, fence or other structure shall be erected in any part of the front yard that would be higher than a line extending from a point two and one-half (2 1/2) feet above the natural ground level at the front lot line to a point four and one-half (4 1/2) feet above the natural ground level at a depth of twenty-five (25) feet from the front lot line.

(2) corner lots. it shall be unlawful to set out, construct, maintain, or permit or cause to be set out, constructed, or maintained any tree, shrub, plant, sign or structure or any other view obstruction having a height greater than two (2) feet as measured from the top of the curb of the adjacent streets within the intersection visibility triangle. this restriction shall not apply to traffic control signs and signals, street signs or utility poles placed within such area by authority of the city. intersection visibility triangle shall mean a triangle sight area, at all intersections, which shall include that portion of public right-of-way and any corner lot within a triangle formed by a diagonal line extending through points on the two (2) property lines twenty-five (25) feet from the street corner intersection of the property lines (or that point of intersection of the property lines extended) and intersecting the curb lines.

(3) parkways. it shall be unlawful to set out, construct, maintain, or permit to be maintained, set out or constructed any shrub or plant (excluding trees), sign of structure, or any other view obstruction having a height of greater than three (3) feet, as measured from the top of the curb of the adjacent street, in the parkway area. all trees with a trunk diameter greater than two (2) inches measured three (3) feet above ground level that are within any of the parkway area shall be trimmed so that no foliage is less than six (6) feet above the top of the curb of the adjacent street. no evergreen or coniferous species of tree shall be allowed in the parkway. 4) this section shall not apply to traffic control signs and signals, street signs, mail boxes which are less than two (2) feet long on each side which is perpendicular to the street, or utility poles placed within the parkway. no such tree, shrub or plant, sign or structure (including mailboxes) shall be allowed to interfere with the free passage of vehicles on the street or of pedestrians on the sidewalk or to obscure the view of motor vehicle operators of any traffic control device or street sign or otherwise create a traffic hazard.

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26.5

june 21

septermber 21 and march 21

50

december 21

73.5 sun angle reative to time of year

temperature range

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office

cafe

mechanical, live, loading, mail, lobby

green zones

office

cafe


green zones

office

cafe


green zones

office

cafe


green zones

office

cafe


green zones

office

cafe


green zones

massing attempt 1 massing attempt 2 massing attempt 3

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preliminary design and energy analysisform 1, iteration 1-5

electric utility charges customer charge..............................$ 5 / month uniform charges................................$ 10.5 / kw ................................$ 0.00371 / kw / hr

lubbock utility rates:

form 3 iteration 1

form 3 iteration 2

form 3 iteration 3

form 3 iteration 4

form 3 iteration 5

ribbin cladding and glazing was applied to increase natural lighting in hopes of lowering energy consumption

the amount of total area covered by glass was reduced

curtain wall reduction glazing moved to underneath overhang

180 degree rotation

the peak building load in this iteration is 127 tons, which would prove to be the highest of all the iterations. electricity use is at 11.3 kWh/SF with natural gas use at 5.08 kBtu/SF.

by alternating the glass and precast concrete cladding the peak building load was reduced to 113 tons and the electricity use was reduced by almost .5 kWh/SF.

going with even less glass than the second design, we achieve a peak building load of 100 tons and electricity use was dropped to 10.41 kWh/SF. without changing the total square footage at all we see that the less glass is used in a design the cheaper it is for the building.

wethought that it would be a smart design choice yet for whatever reason we see it helps very little with the building load or electricity use hen compared to the previous design.

the rotation causes an increase in energy use.

form 1 iteration 1

form 1 iteration 2

form 1 iteration 3

form 1 iteration 4

form 1 iteration 5



curtain wall reduction glazing moved to underneath overhang

180 degree rotation

the peak building load in this iteration is 127 tons, which would prove to be the highest of all the iterations. electricity use is at 11.3 kWh/SF with natural gas use at 5.08 kBtu/SF.

by alternating the glass and precast concrete cladding the peak building load was reduced to 113 tons and the electricity use was reduced by almost .5 kWh/SF.

going with even less glass than the second design, we achieve a peak building load of 100 tons and electricity use was dropped to 10.41 kWh/SF. without changing the total square footage at all we see that the less glass is used in a design the cheaper it is for the building.

wethought that it would be a smart design choice yet for whatever reason we see it helps very little with the building load or electricity use hen compared to the previous design.

the rotation causes an increase in energy use.

natural gas utility chrage customer chrage........................$15.5 / month uniform charges..........................$ 0 / therm / hr ..........................$ 0.396 / therm / hr

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lubbock utility rates:natural gas utility chrage customer chrage........................$15.5 / month uniform charges..........................$ 0 / therm / hr ..........................$ 0.396 / therm / hr

form 2 iteration 1

form 2 iteration 2

form 2 iteration 3

form 2 iteration 4

form 2 iteration 5

glazing was only incorporated into the form on the north and west side where light was more available


addition of more pre cast concrete

90 degrees rotation counter clockwise elimination of glazing

90 degree rotation clockwise

reducing the amount of glazing and repacing it with pre case concrete reduced most items

water heating and refrigeration utility consump-tion was increase

going with even less glass than the second desigign the cost was lowered

gas and utility consumtion were not altered

the rotation proved to be a bad decision due to price increases. the shifting of the glazing allowed for more heat to enter on the sounth side of the building

the even distribution of glazing and pre cast concrete allowed for the builing load and electrical load to lower, but the initial mechanical system cost was increased

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natural gas utility chrage customer chrage........................$15.5 / month uniform charges..........................$ 0 / therm / hr ..........................$ 0.396 / therm / hr


lubbock utility rates:

form 3 iteration 1

form 3 iteration 2

form 3 iteration 3

form 3 iteration 4

form 3 iteration 5


glazing was eliminated 90 degree clockwise rotation glazing was placed in atrium space and in main office space

open air parking lot implamented

glazing again increasedrotation 90 degree counter-clockwise for circulation

every item was lowered except natural gas use

every item was slightly reduced due to the rotation

every item as increase due to roation (for circulation) and addition of glazing for natural lighting

slight increase again due to practical-ity of lighting and parking

area lighting and misc. equipment consump-tion begin to overtake space cooling

water heating was reduced by 21%

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final iteration

/ Unit$1.3212 kBtu / SF18.41Natural Gas Use: / Unit$0.0807 kWh / SF9.62Electricity Use: W / SF6.10 kW198Peak Electrical Load: SF / Ton321.31 Tons101Peak Building Load:

Analysis Summary

$885,801.59Net Present Value:$7,113.00First Year's Natural Gas Cost:

$25,186.00First Year's Electricity Cost:$555,500.00Initial Mechanical System Cost:

Net Present Value Over 15 Years

Monthly Utility Consumption by End Use Annual Utility Consumption by End Use

winter solsticesummer solstice

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basement floor plan

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first floor plan

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second-fifth floor plans

second floor

fourth floor fifth floor

third floor

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floor one enlarged core

pad mounted transformer

cable tray

electrical shaft

2 ft diameter chimney

8 in piping to cooling tower

5x5 ft vertical supply shaft

meter

transformer

panels

plumbing

18” plumbing wall

janitor closet

5x5 ft vertical return shaft

structural steel grid system

columns

square steel tubing4x4 inch square tubing allows for beam members to be welded flush to the columns allowing for a smooth transition between column and beam. each column will be holding a load of no greater than 400 sq. ft. therefore member sizing is sufficient.

beams

steel i-beamsour beams range in dimension from 6” depth to 12” depth depending on span width, which varies from 10’-25.’the variation in members is sufficient to handle the load.

slab systems

floor 1

site cast foundation including gravel, sand, 8” foundation slab, vapor barrier, insulation, 2” topping slab, heating elements (imbedded in topping slab) sub and finished floor.

floor 2-5

6” precast concrete one-way slab resting

roof system steel roof decking resting on steam beam members, with slanted rigid insulation and self healing vapor barrier.

fire resistance strategy

all exterior walls, except the main curatin wall opening to the atrium which are fire rated window assemblies, extend in a continuous manner from the foundation to the roof parapet aboe the roof of the building. openings are limited in walls that face ajacent buidings. fire stair cores are protected by self-closing fire dorrs and two hour fire walls.

2 hour exterior walls2 hour structural frame2 hour ceiling/floor separation1 hour ceiling/floor assembly

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zoning

cb-2 comercial business-2

construction type

type i-bfire resistive non-comustablegroup r

2 hour exterior walls2 hour structural frame2 hour ceiling/floor separation1 hour ceiling/floor assembly

continuous 18” plumbing wall

slab extension for shading

6” one way slab

2 hour structure hidden within wall

6” steel i-beam short span

2 hour fire wall

gyp board drop ceiling

4x4 inch square steel tubing

lobby

12” deep steal i-beam long span

restaurant level two

restaurant level one

parking garage

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building type b

zoning type commercial

34,000 sq ft 34,000 sq ft

100 tons of cooling capacity 45,000 m/sec of c.a.v in c.f.m.22 sq ft main duct area42 sq ft branch duct area1200 sq ft fan room110 sq ft fresh air louvers80 sq ft exhaust air louvers

700 sq ft b.r. and c.w.p.120 sq ft cooling tower space

3

heating and cooling equipment sizing

vav | variable air volume

this system allows for a high degree of temperature control at moderate cost. it is economical to operate and virtually self-balancing. this will be the most efficient way to heat and cool our building consisting of office and restaurant space. it will allow for hotter zones such as the kitchen and computer/server rooms to be cooled appropriately, as well as maintain a steady comfortable temperature for the office spaces.

air handling sizing

80 sq ft exhaust air louver

110 sq ft fresh air louver

12 in vav box

fan

heating coil

-1 floor plan 3 floor plan

cooling coil

chilled water plant

boiler

water pump


5x5 ft vertical return shaft

8 in piping to cooling tower

5x5 ft vertical supply shaft

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single duct system

the single duct system allows a smaller volume of conditioned air to be circulated through small high-velocity ducts from a central source. this system allows us to brige our ductwork from a central source located in the sout-east corner to the rest of the building. this also allows us to use the minimal vertical space for ductwork.


120 sq ft cooling tower

return ductwork

supply ductwork

5x5 verticle supply shaft cross section

3x1 primary horizontal ductwork

2x1 secondary horizontal ductwork

1x1 terchiary horizontal ductwork

2 ft diameter chimney shaft

8 in diameter piping to and from cooling tower

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electrical system

meter, transformer, panel

vertical track

horizontal track

pad-mounted transformer

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plumbing system

water pump

boiler

2’ diameter boiler chimney

hot water supply

from water main to bathroom fixtures

waste shaft

verticle plumbing inside 18” plumbing wall

8” piping to and from cooling tower

men’s bathroom stalls-

women’s bathroom stalls

cooling tower

chilled water plan

cold water supply

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energy evaluation and envelope system

horizontal window mullion

window

return grilles

treated pre-cast concrete

return ductwork

5’ parapet wall hiding mechanical roof objects

ceiling supply diffusers

double glazed windows

interior pre-cast concrete finish

one way concrete floor slab

rigid insulation

steel i-beam

cable tray track

window frame

supply ductwork

window sill

interior pre-cast concrete finish

gypson board drop ceiling

verticle window mullion

Key Values

General Project DataLocation: LubbockPrimary Operation Profile: Personal office (75%)Evaluation Date: 11/26/12 10:58 PM

Building Geometry DataGross Floor Area: 47515.21 sq ftBuilding Shell Area: 60149.02 sq ftVentilated Volume: 547934.32 cu ftGlazing Ratio: 6 %

Building Shell Performance DataAir Leakage: 1.46 ACHOuter Heat Capacity: 29.84*10^-4 Btu/sq ft,F

Heat Transfer Coefficients U value [Btu/sq ft,F,hr]Building Shell Average: 1.77Floors: 0.89 - 2.66External: 0.50 - 2.66Underground: 0.35 - 0.35Openings: 0.52 - 0.57

Specific Annual DemandsNet Heating Energy: 19.37 kBtu/sq ftaNet Cooling Energy: 13.58 kBtu/sq ftaTotal Net Energy: 32.95 kBtu/sq fta

Energy Consumption: 98.95 kBtu/sq fta

Fuel Consumption: 80.68 kBtu/sq fta

Energy Consumption by Targets

Energy CO2Target Name Quantity Cost Primary Emission

MBtu/a USD/a MBtu/a lb/aHeating 892 10341 998 124558Cooling 1047 13168 641 29859Hot Water Generation 1946 22553 2176 271641Ventilation Fans 303 18655 909 42303Lighting & Appliances 326 20066 978 45502Total: 4515 84785 5704 513866

EnergySource Name Quantity

100%Environment31% 69%Natural Gas

25% 35% 37%Electricity[MBtu] 0 1000 2000 2811

4323

2077

Energy Quantities

[%]

26

24

22

16

12Energy Costs

[%]

53

249

8

6

CO2 Emission

[%]

Monthly Energy Balance

Supplied Energy per Month

Emitted Energy per Month

649.9

400

200

0Solar Gain

Internal Heat Gain

Mechanical Heating

Hot Water Generation

Lighting and Equipment

400

200

0 Transmission

Infiltration

Mechanical Ventilation

Hot Water

Mechanical Cooling

[MBtu]Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec

integrative building modeling 2012 final project

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