InteractionInteractions Among s Among Living Living ThingsThingsCh. 1.3Ch. 1.3

EnvironmentalScience

1) Adapting to 1) Adapting to EnvironmentsEnvironments

AA) Natural Selection) Natural SelectionPopulation has Population has

individualsindividuals

Individuals have Individuals have characteristics for characteristics for survival and reproductionsurvival and reproduction

Offspring do the sameOffspring do the same

1) Adapting to 1) Adapting to EnvironmentsEnvironments

B) AdaptationsB) AdaptationsBehaviors/characteristics to Behaviors/characteristics to

allow to surviveallow to survive

C) Niche- how an organism makes C) Niche- how an organism makes its livingits livingWhere it feeds, sleeps, survives Where it feeds, sleeps, survives makes its homemakes its home

2) 3 Major Types of 2) 3 Major Types of InteractionsInteractions

A. CompetitionsA. CompetitionsThe struggle between organisms to survive in a The struggle between organisms to survive in a

habitat with limited resourceshabitat with limited resources

2) 3 Major Types of 2) 3 Major Types of InteractionsInteractions

B. PredationB. PredationOne organism kills and eats anotherOne organism kills and eats anotherPredator - does the killingPredator - does the killingPrey - organism killedPrey - organism killedWhen When death rate exceeds birth rate-death rate exceeds birth rate-

population decreasespopulation decreases

2) 3 Major Types of 2) 3 Major Types of InteractionsInteractions

C. SymbiosisC. SymbiosisClose relationship between 2 Close relationship between 2

speciesspeciesbenefiting one speciesbenefiting one species3 types of relationships3 types of relationships

1. Mutualism1. Mutualism2. Commensalism2. Commensalism3. Parasitism3. Parasitism

Tortoise and Bird

(click video-sound to view)

1. 1. MutualismMutualism--Both species benefitBoth species benefitEx: sea anemone & clownfishEx: sea anemone & clownfishClownfish feeds on sm. Clownfish feeds on sm.

invertebrae to protect sea invertebrae to protect sea anemoneanemone

Sea anemone Sea anemone feeds on clownfish feeds on clownfish wastewaste

2. 2. CommensalismCommensalism--One species benefits, other One species benefits, other

species is not helped or species is not helped or harmedharmed

Ex: fish protecting fishEx: fish protecting fish

3. 3. ParasitismParasitism--An organism living in or An organism living in or

on another organismon another organismParasite benefitsParasite benefitsEx: leeches, ticks, fleasEx: leeches, ticks, fleas

Host provides Host provides living space living space and is harmedand is harmed