interactions of fisheries with offshore habitats: the ... · equinoderms 55 crustaceans 209...
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Interactions of fisheries with offshore habitats: the
Menorca Channel (Balearic Islands) as a case study
Workshop on fisheries management measures
in Natura 2000 sites in the Mediterranean Sea Zadar (Croatia), 10-12 October 2017
Enric Massutí
(with collaboration of Olvido Tello)
Scientific Assessment and Advice
Workshop on fisheries management measures in Natura 2000 sites in the Mediterranean Sea, Zadar (Croatia), 10-12 October 2017
Context
Inventory and designation of marine Natura 2000 areas in the Spanish sea: 2009-2014
LIFE07/NAT/E/000732
CANAL Project
(2008-2009)
Workshop on fisheries management measures in Natura 2000 sites in the Mediterranean Sea, Zadar (Croatia), 10-12 October 2017
Source of Information (including figures, tables, maps and photographs):
Barberá C., J. Moranta, F. Ordines, M. Ramón, A. de Mesa, M. Díaz-Valdés, A. M. Grau y E.
Massutí.- 2012. Biodiversity and habitat mapping of Menorca Channel (western
Mediterranean): implications for conservation. Biodiversity and Conservation, 20(1): 1-28.
Barberá C.. J.M. Arcos, M. Druet, J. Grinyó, S. Requena, J.M. Gili, S. Mallol, R. Balbín y M.
Campillos.- 2014. Canal de Menorca. Proyecto LIFE + INDEMARES. Editorial Fundación
Biodiversidad, Ministerio de Agricultura, Alimentación y Medio Ambiente, 116 pp.
Moranta J., C. Barberá, M. Druet y N. Zaragoza (Editores).- 2014. Caracterización ecológica de
la plataforma continental (50-100 m) del Canal de Menorca. Informe final LIFE+ INDEMARES
(LIFE07/NAT/E/000732). Instituto Español de Oceanografía. Centro Oceanográfico de
Baleares. Coordinación: Fundación Biodiversidad, 504 pp.
INDEMARES Project: http://www.indemares.es/
INTEMARES Project: http://fundacion-biodiversidad.es/es/biodiversidad-marina-y-litoral/proyectos-propios/life-ip-paf-intemares
Workshop on fisheries management measures in Natura 2000 sites in the Mediterranean Sea, Zadar (Croatia), 10-12 October 2017
Study Area
Menorca Channel ~1500 km2 at <100 m depth
(~15% Mallorca-Menorca Shelf)
Workshop on fisheries management measures in Natura 2000 sites in the Mediterranean Sea, Zadar (Croatia), 10-12 October 2017
Methods
Research Surveys
R/V Miguel Oliver
Workshop on fisheries management measures in Natura 2000 sites in the Mediterranean Sea, Zadar (Croatia), 10-12 October 2017
Methods
HABITATS
• Multi-beam echosounder
• Side Scan Sonar
• ROV & Fixed cameras
• Photogrammetric sledge
• Benthic Grabs
• Epi-benthic sledges
• Supra-benthic sledge
• Bottom trawl
Workshop on fisheries management measures in Natura 2000 sites in the Mediterranean Sea, Zadar (Croatia), 10-12 October 2017
Methods
Sampling Stations
R/V Miguel Oliver
• Official Data Fleet and Landings Statistics
• Sampling on Board (scientific observes)
• Daily Sale Bills
• Interviews
Workshop on fisheries management measures in Natura 2000 sites in the Mediterranean Sea, Zadar (Croatia), 10-12 October 2017
Methods
Bottom Trawling
Small-Scale Fisheries
Vessel Monitoring System (VMS)
F/V Penyal Roig
Geomorphology
Workshop on fisheries management measures in Natura 2000 sites in the Mediterranean Sea, Zadar (Croatia), 10-12 October 2017
Geological Mapping
Reflectivity Bathymetry
Geomorphology
Workshop on fisheries management measures in Natura 2000 sites in the Mediterranean Sea, Zadar (Croatia), 10-12 October 2017
Geological Mapping
Workshop on fisheries management measures in Natura 2000 sites in the Mediterranean Sea, Zadar (Croatia), 10-12 October 2017
Benthic Biodiversity (50-100 m depth)
Groups Species
Algae 119
Annelids 36
Bryozoans 55
Cnidarians 49
Equinoderms 55
Crustaceans 209
Molluscs 215
Esponges 83
Ascidians 67
Condrichthyans 31
Osteichthyes 207
Total 1146
Workshop on fisheries management measures in Natura 2000 sites in the Mediterranean Sea, Zadar (Croatia), 10-12 October 2017
Benthic Species of Interest for Conservation (50-100 m)
Group Species HD BC National /Regional
ALG Lithothamnion corallioides Annex V
ALG Phymatholithon calcareum Annex V
ALG Laminaria rodriguezii Annex II SP: Special Protection
ALG Cystoseria spinosa Annex II SP
ALG Cystoseira zosteroides Annex II SP
FAN Posidonia oceanica Annex II SP
POR Tethya aurantium Annex II SP
POR Axinella polyploides Annex II SP
POR Spongia agaricina Annex II
MOL Ranella olearia Annex II SP
ECH Centrostephanus longispinus Annex IV Annex II Special Interest and SP
Workshop on fisheries management measures in Natura 2000 sites in the Mediterranean Sea, Zadar (Croatia), 10-12 October 2017
Group Species HD BC Nat/Reg
CRU Scyllarides latus Annex V Annex III
CRU Scyllarus arctus Annex III
CRU Scyllarus pygmaeus Annex III
CRU Homarus gammarus Annex III
CRU Maja squinado Annex III
CRU Palinurus elephas Annex III
FISH Rostraja alba Annex III SP
Benthic Species of Interest for Conservation (50-100 m)
Workshop on fisheries management measures in Natura 2000 sites in the Mediterranean Sea, Zadar (Croatia), 10-12 October 2017
Group Species
Algae 2
Esponges 1
Cnidarians 2
Molluscs 7
Echinodemrs 2
Fishes 4
Turtles 3
Birds 9
Mammals 9
Other Species of Interest for Conservation
Workshop on fisheries management measures in Natura 2000 sites in the Mediterranean Sea, Zadar (Croatia), 10-12 October 2017
Benthic Habitats: Infra-Littoral
Substrate Habitat HD H
ard
Sciaphilic or hemi-sciaphilic infra-littoral algae 1170 - Reefs
Photophilic infra-littoral algae 1170 - Reefs
Cystoseira forests 1170 - Reefs
Sed
imen
tary
Biocenosis of sands 1110 – Sandbanks
Cymodocea nodosa meadows 1110 – Sandbanks
Posidonia oceanica meadows 1120 – Posidonia
Workshop on fisheries management measures in Natura 2000 sites in the Mediterranean Sea, Zadar (Croatia), 10-12 October 2017
Substrate Habitat HD H
ard Circa-littoral rocky bottoms dominated by algae 1170 - Reefs
Shelf coralligenous dominated by algae or invertebrates 1170 - Reefs
Sed
imen
tary
Maërl beds / rhodoliths
Maërl beds with dominance of Peyssonnelia spp.
Detritic bottoms with Phyllophora crispa - Osmundaria volubilis
Detritic bottoms with Laminaria rodriguezii
Detritic bottoms with Halopteris filicina
Detritic bottoms with dominance of invertebrates
Benthic Habitats: Circa-Littoral
Workshop on fisheries management measures in Natura 2000 sites in the Mediterranean Sea, Zadar (Croatia), 10-12 October 2017
Substrate Habitat HD
Har
d
Coralligenous with dominance of invertebrates 1170- Reefs
Mix bottoms with dominance of sponges
Gorgonians forests over rocky bottoms 1170- Reefs
Deep rocky bottoms with black corals 1170- Reefs
Deep rocky bottoms with sponges 1170- Reefs
Sed
imen
tary
Detritic bottoms dominated by Virgularia mirabilis and Thenea muricata
Crinoids (Leptometra phalangium) beds
Bottoms with Gryphus vitreus
Benthic Habitats: Bathyal
Workshop on fisheries management measures in Natura 2000 sites in the Mediterranean Sea, Zadar (Croatia), 10-12 October 2017
Benthic Habitats Mapping
• Maërl ~50%
• Coralligenous 30%
Workshop on fisheries management measures in Natura 2000 sites in the Mediterranean Sea, Zadar (Croatia), 10-12 October 2017
Small-Scale Fisheries
Harbours
Fleet
• Trammel nets
• Purse-seine nets
• Gillnets
• Traps
137 131 125 122 119 120 115 115 116 10992
0
1000
2000
3000
4000
5000
6000
7000
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012
AÑO
N BARCOS Σ TRB Σ GT Σ CV
• Bottom long-lines
• Hand-lines
• Trolling lines
Fishing Gears
Number of Vessels Harbours
80% commercial fishing vessels
Workshop on fisheries management measures in Natura 2000 sites in the Mediterranean Sea, Zadar (Croatia), 10-12 October 2017
Small-Scale Fisheries
Days at sea (Effort)
Harbours
Harbours
R² = 0,662
1000
1200
1400
1600
1800
2000
2200
2400
2600
2800
3000
2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011
DÍA
S
AÑO
CALA RAJADA
R² = 0,000
1000
1200
1400
1600
1800
2000
2200
2400
2600
2800
3000
2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011
DÍA
S
AÑO
ALCUDIA
R² = 0,386
1000
1200
1400
1600
1800
2000
2200
2400
2600
2800
3000
2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011
DÍA
S
AÑO
CIUDADELA
80% commercial fishing vessels
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011
TON
ELA
DA
S
AÑO
MAHÓN
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011
TON
ELA
DA
S
AÑO
ALCUDIA
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011
TON
ELA
DA
S
AÑO
POLLENÇA
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011
TON
ELA
DA
S
AÑO
CIUDADELA
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
350
2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011
CP
UE
(Kg/
día
)
CA
PTU
RA
S (T
m)
AÑO
CANAL DE MENORCA
CAPTURA CPUE (Kg/día)
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
350
2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011
CP
UE
(Kg/
día
)
CA
PTU
RA
S (T
m)
AÑO
CANAL DE MENORCA
CAPTURA CPUE (Kg/día)
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011
TON
ELA
DA
S
AÑO
CALA RAJADA
Workshop on fisheries management measures in Natura 2000 sites in the Mediterranean Sea, Zadar (Croatia), 10-12 October 2017
Small-Scale Fisheries
Target species I II III IV V VI VII VIII IX X XI XII
Cuttlefish
Spiny lobster
Dolphinfish
Red mullet
Transparent goby
Sparidae
Squid
Greater amberjack
Seasonality
0 10000 20000 30000 40000 50000 60000 70000 80000 90000
2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011
Scorpionfish Transparent goby Sparidae
Dolphinfish Spiny lobster Red mullet
Cuttlefish
Catches (kg) Catches (t) CPUEs (kg/day)
Workshop on fisheries management measures in Natura 2000 sites in the Mediterranean Sea, Zadar (Croatia), 10-12 October 2017
Small-Scale Fisheries
Spiny lobster (trammel) Sparidae (longline) Dolphinfish (purse-seine)
Workshop on fisheries management measures in Natura 2000 sites in the Mediterranean Sea, Zadar (Croatia), 10-12 October 2017
Bottom Trawl Fishery
Foot-print (VMS)
Fishing grounds 50-100 m depth
20% commercial fishing vessels
Workshop on fisheries management measures in Natura 2000 sites in the Mediterranean Sea, Zadar (Croatia), 10-12 October 2017
Bottom Trawl Fishery
Fishing tactics
Middle slope (500-800 m)
Red shrimp
Upper slope (200-500 m)
Norway lobster
Deep shelf (100-200 m)
Hake
Shallow shelf (50-100 m)
Red mullets, octopus, squid
-1.0 2.0-1.5
1.5
SS+MS
MS
US + MS
US
DS+MS
DS+US
DS
SS
SS+DS
SS+US
-1.0 2.0-1.5
1.5
SS+MS
MS
US + MS
US
DS+MS
DS+US
DS
SS
SS+DS
SS+US
Workshop on fisheries management measures in Natura 2000 sites in the Mediterranean Sea, Zadar (Croatia), 10-12 October 2017
Bottom Trawl Fishery
Effort (fishing days)
Depth range: 50-100 m 100-200 m 200-500 m 500-800 m
Workshop on fisheries management measures in Natura 2000 sites in the Mediterranean Sea, Zadar (Croatia), 10-12 October 2017
Bottom Trawl Fishery
Foot-print (VMS)
2009
2011
2010
2012
Workshop on fisheries management measures in Natura 2000 sites in the Mediterranean Sea, Zadar (Croatia), 10-12 October 2017
Interactions habitats and fisheries
Bottom Trawling
Small-scale fleet
Shelf habitats of interest
Workshop on fisheries management measures in Natura 2000 sites in the Mediterranean Sea, Zadar (Croatia), 10-12 October 2017
Fishing Management
Site of Community Interest (2014)
LIC ESZZ16002
Canal de Menorca 3353 km2
Fishing Protection Zone (2016)
COUNCIL REGULATION (EC) Nº 1967/2006, of 21 December
2006, concerning management measures for the sustainable
exploitation of fishery resources in the Mediterranean Sea
Article 4: PROTECTED HABITATS
1959 km2
Workshop on fisheries management measures in Natura 2000 sites in the Mediterranean Sea, Zadar (Croatia), 10-12 October 2017
Fishing Management
LIC ESZZ16002
Canal de Menorca
Fishing Protection Zone (2016)
• 95% Coralligenous • 80% Maërl
Workshop on fisheries management measures in Natura 2000 sites in the Mediterranean Sea, Zadar (Croatia), 10-12 October 2017
Fishing Management
Next Tasks for Scientific Assessment and Advice
Menorca Channel LIC Avoid interactions between small-scale fishery and
habitats/species
Trammel nets vs. coralligenous
Bottom long-lines vs. deep corals
Bottom long-lines vs. birds
Improve scientific information
Small-scale fisheries fishing effort and catches
Recreational fisheries
Socio-economic impact of management
Impact of fishing activities on habitats
Workshop on fisheries management measures in Natura 2000 sites in the Mediterranean Sea, Zadar (Croatia), 10-12 October 2017
Fishing Management
Reallocation of trawl fishing effort
From continental shelf to slope
Additional measures for trawling in open fishing areas
Gear dimensions (Nº 1967/2006; not fulfilled)
Spatio-temporal closures
ESSENTIAL FISH HABITAT protection
Technical measures to improve trawl selectivity
and reduce direct impact
Doors not touching the seabed
Square mesh panels
50 mm square mesh cod-end
Ground-rope modification
Next Tasks for Scientific Assessment and Advice
Menorca Channel LIC
Workshop on fisheries management measures in Natura 2000 sites in the Mediterranean Sea, Zadar (Croatia), 10-12 October 2017
Thanks for your Attention