Internal Combustion Engine

SJCHS

Fossil Fuels

• Gasoline: 4-12 carbons in hydrocarbon chain• Diesel: 8-25 carbons in hydrocarbon chain; 113% more energy than gasoline; more expensive

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Fossil Fuels Pollution from fossil fuels

Fossil Fuels Pollution of diesel versus gasoline

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NGHG: Non-greenhouse gas emissionsGHG: Greenhouse gases

Diesel emissions have decreased over time but cleaner fuel decreases fuel efficiencies;

Fossil Fuels

Fuel costs have risen

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Fossil Fuels

US imports45% of our oil supply; prices and supply depends on international events

Fossil Fuels

Fossil fuels are nonrenewable; worldwide production of oil will peak by 2050; the world will run out of “cheap” oil

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Fossil Fuels

4 stroke internal combustion engine (ICE)Gasoline- compressed air/fuel mixture ignited by a spark powers car; 20-30% engine efficiency

Fossil Fuels

Diesel ICE: fuel injected into compressed air causing ignition which powers car; 45% engine efficiency; Diesel ICEs need higher pressures (increases costs)

Biofuels Biofuels: Fuels made from plants that run an ICE; renewable; made domesticallyEthanol- “biogas” (E85) Biodiesel (B100, B20)

• How is ethanol made?

Biofuels Ethanol: C2 H5 OH; different plants have different energy contents

Biofuels Ethanol overall has lower emissions though individual pollutants can be higher than gasoline

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Biofuels

Ethanol costs more than gasoline

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Biofuels

There are fewer E85 stations outside the Midwest

Biofuels

Ethanol: Extends spark plug life, reduces engine deposits; lower fuel economy; may not ignite in cold weather; E85 corrosive (need specialized engine parts)

Biofuels Biodiesel: Can be made with plants or waste vegetable oil; different plants have different energy contents

• How is biodiesel made?

Biofuels Biodiesel overall has lower emissions though individual pollutants can be higher than diesel

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Biofuels

Biodiesel costs more than diesel

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Biofuels

There are few B20/B100 stations

Biofuels

Biodiesels: Better lubricant, reduces engine deposits; lower fuel economy; can freeze/gel in cold weather

B100:Need to replace different engine parts to avoid clogging

B20: No modifications

Improving the ICE

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Improving the ICE

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Improving the ICE

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Improving the ICE

Improving the ICE

Improving the ICE

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Improving the ICE

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