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TRANSCRIPT
First Note of Benthic Foraminifera Assemblages
in Serasan Sea, South Natuna, Indonesia
Isnaniawardhani, Vijaya1, Natsir, Suhartati 2 1Faculty of Geology, Universitas Padjadjaran (Unpad),
Jl. Raya Bandung Sumedang KM-21, Jatinangor-45363, Sumedang, Indonesia 2)Indonesia Institute of Science
Abstract
Foraminifera assemblages were studied in marine surface sediments from shallow
open marine, reefal, mangrove and sandy coastal near Serasan, Riau Islands
Province. The twelve deposits (sand, silty sand and clay)contain microorganism
shell fragments. This study is conducted to identify foraminifera in study area, as
well as determine abundance, dominant and typical of assemblages in this area
based on quantitative data analyses. The study was done in several stages:
literaturestudy, field work and samples collection, laboratory analyses, identical
and overview of the taxonomy of each taxon.
The fifty nine genera of benthic foraminifera were identified in the sediment samples,
in low to high abundance. The assemblages was dominantly composed of Suborder
Rotaliina, the calcareous forms, reached more than 54% of total assemblages
(average 78%). Reusella,Cancris, Eponides, Neoeponides, Orbitina,Neoconorbina,
Rosalina, Siphoninoides, Discorbia, Lobatula, Planorbulinella, Gypsina,
Cymbaloporetta, Epistomaroides, Amphistegina, Nonion, Nonionoides, Heterolepa,
Gyroidina, Hanzawaia, Pararotalia, Rotalia, Ammonia, Asterorotalia,
Pseudorotalia, Baculogypsinoides, Calcarina, Elphidium, Parrellina, Assilina,
Heterostegina and unidentified rotaloidforam are classified intothis group.
Porceleneous shells that typified by subordo Miliolina and Lagenina, occur less
than 29% (average 17%). Genera Adelosina, Spiroloculina, Agglutinella,
Ammomasilina, Lachlanella, Massilina, Quinqueloculina, Miliolinella,
Pseudomassilina, Pyrgo, Triloculina, Peneroplis, Archaias, Marginopora, and
young miliolidae are classified intosuborder Miliolina; whereas Lagena, Guttulina,
Oolina, and Glandulina are Lagenina. SubordoTextulariina and Spirillinina with
arenaceous shells are appears rarely in samples. Suborder Textulariina is
represented by genera Ammobaculites, Spiroplectinella, Spirotextularia, Dorothia,
Karreriella, Bigerina, Sahulia, Textularia, and Clavulina. Spirilina is the only
genus of Suborder Spirillinina.
The most frequently encountered genera are Eponides, Amphistegina, Heterolepa,
Ammonia, Elphidium, and Assilina(suborderRotaliina), Quinqueloculina (Miliolina)
and Textularia (Textulariina). The most abundant benthic foraminifera is
Asterorotalia(represented by A. trispinosaThalmann) that recorded in open marine
and near reef samples. It was found that high abundance and diversity of benthic
foraminifera assemblages were recorded in open marine.
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Introduction
Foraminifera is cytoplasmic body enclosed in test or shell of one or more
interconnected chambers; wall may be homogeneous or of similar or unlike layers
or laminae, may be imperforate or finely to coarsely perforate, basically
proteinaceous but may have agglutinated particles, or may deposit the mineral
calcite, aragonite, or rarely silica on the organic base, calcareous wall may be
porcelaineous, microgranular, or hyaline and optically or ultrastructurally radiate or
granular; canal or stolon system of varied complexity may be present; commonly
test has one or more main apertures through which pseudopodia protrude. Sexual
and asexual generatio may be suppressed; gametes biflagellate, triflagellate, or
amoeboid. It spreads in Cambrian to Holocene stratigraphic range, and occurrence
as free-living or rarely parasitic; benthic and attached or motile, or pelagic, in
marine to brackish water, rare in fresh water (von Eichwald, 1830 in Loeblich and
Tappan, 1988; Haynes, 1981; Brasier, 1985).
The number of published information on the Quaternary smaller benthic
foraminifera from sea sediment in Indonesia and adjacent area is very low. The
reports on Recent benthic foraminifera is also relative limited compared to other
area. According to previous study, the marine surface sediments (sea bed) of Natuna
Sea, eastern Shelf of Sunda, contain common benthic foraminifera (Isnaniawardhani
and Natsir, 2012). This study is important to identifying of foraminifera in this area
and determining assemblages based on quantitative data analyses (abundance,
dominant and typical suborder/genus).
Methods
The actual study was done in several stages; was started by literaturestudy,
field work and samples collection, laboratory analyses, identical and overview of
the taxonomy of each taxon. Six samples were obtained from shallow open marine
(depth of 28.26 – 52.54 m), and six samples from reefal, mangrove and sandy
coastal near Serasan, Riau Islands Province, from the area between coordinates
2.3940 N to 2.6650 N and 108.8810 to 109,1350 E (Figure 1,2 and 3). They collected
during Natuna Sea Expedition, a joint research between Indonesian Institute of
Sciences and Directorate General of Higher Educations Ministry of National
Education.
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Figure 1. The marine surface sediment sampling in Serasan Sea
Figure 2. The reefal sediment sampling in Serasansea
Figure 3. The mangrove sediment sampling in Serasansea
Laboratory analyses upon seabed surface sediment samples are conducted
to identify foraminifera microscopically. The each sediment sample was prepared a
simple residu preparation method using hydrogen peroxide. The residual sediment
of each sample is examined in order to release foraminifera assemblages using a
slab binocular microscope of 40 magnifications. The research adopted some basic
Sta. 10
Sta. 11
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methods for the identificationand overview of taxonomy of species referred to
published taxonomical studies of foraminifera genera with an accompanying
systematical classification, among all, by D’Orbigny, 1826 and Brady, 1884 in
Loeblich and Tappan (1988), Chapman (1902), Cushman (1927, 1931),Galloway
(1933), Cushman and Stainforth (1945), Belford, 1966, Biswas, 1976,Haynes
(1981), Loeblich and Tappan (1988), and van Marle (1991).
Result
The climate of Serasan Sea is almost entirely maritime tropical. The area's
relative averageannual rainfall is 2795 mm, with average monthly rainfall ranges
between 140 – 200 mm in the dry season, and up to 350 mm during the northwest
monsoon/wet season in Octoberthrough March.Temperatures on area remain fairly
constant, with the lowland plains averaging 250 C - 320 C and the higher land region
± 180 C. It seen that the main variable of climate on this area is rainfall.
On the basis of geology regional by Harahap, et al. (1995), lithology
ofSerasan Island and and small islands on its surrounding consist of (Figure 4):
a. Qp = coastal deposits: sand, gravels and plant remains. They are
commonly found in the Serasan island, thickness up to 25 m.
b. Qc = coral reef: reef limestone which are still growing or eroded and talus.
These reef s have elevation up to 10 m above sea level.
c. Tok = Kutei Formation: conglomerate & sandstone, poor to moderately
bedded, greenish grey to yellowish grey, as a river deposits. Conglomerate:
moderately sorted, well rounded, comprise chert, granite, silified rock,
chalsedon, quartz, kaolinitic clay, with a sandstone matrix. Sandstone: well
sorted, medium to coarse grained, composition same as the conglomerate
with matrix of kaolinitic clay. This formation is might be correlated to the
Oligocene Gabus Formation in East Natuna Basin & West Natuna Basin
(Pribadi & Simbolon, 1994). The thickness in up to 250 m.
d. Jkb = Balau Formation : interbedded well bedded sandstone & siltstone
and in places hornfels, greenish grey, hard, laminations, no fossils
recorded, a flysch type deposit. In several places are intruded by Serasan
Pluton. This formation is might be correlated to the Pedawan Formation in
West Kalimantan. The thickness more than 200 m.
e. Ks = Serasan Plutonic Rocks: Biotite granodiorite & hornblende granite
with xenolith of metasediments. Subduction related granitoids, as a result
the southwest subduction from the Lupar Line Zone in Sarawak, Malaysia,
according to Hutchison (1973) as a granitic arc. Based on K/Ar dating of
two samples rocks resulting 69.679 & 112.34 m.y or Maastrichtian and
Aptian respectively.
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Figure 4. Geological map of SerasanIsland and and small islands on its surrounding
The surface sediments in Serasan seas are grouped into: sand, silty sand and clay,
contain microorganism assemblages.
Table 1. Marine Surface Sediment from Serasan Sea
Sta. Depth
(m)
Samples type Sediments texture
1 52.54 Open sea box corer Sand, greenish grey, shell fragments
2 36.93 Open sea box corer Sand, greenish grey, shell fragments
3 40.26 Open sea box corer Sand, greenish grey, shell fragments
4 46.30 Open sea box corer Silty sand, greenish grey, shell fragments
5 28.26 Open sea box corer Silty sand, greenish grey, shell fragments
6 42.98 Open sea box corer Silty sand, greenish grey, shell fragments
7 15.00 Batuberianreefal sampler Sand, light grey, shell fragments
8 17.00 Karanghajireefal sampler Sand, light grey, shell fragments
9 14.50 Perayunbesarreefal sampler Sand, light grey, shell fragments
10 7.00 Serasan mangrove sampler Clay, brown
11 12.00 Gordon mangrove sampler Clay, brown
12 0.75 Serasan sandy coastal Sand, light grey
Fifty nine genera of benthic foraminifera were identified in all sediment samples.
They are classified into nine generaof suborder Textulariina;a genus of Spirillinina;
fourteen genera of Miliolina;four genera of Lagenina; andthirty one genera of
Rotaliina, as described follows.
1. SuborderTextulariina
Thisarenaceous shells group is represented by genera: Ammobaculites,
Spiroplectinella, Spirotextularia, Dorothia[D. rotunda (Cushman)],
Karreriella, Bigerina [B.nodosariad'Orbigny],
Sahulia [S. Barkeri Hofker], Textularia [T. Agglutinans d’Orbigny, T.
Sagittula Defrande], and Clavulina (Table 2)
2. Suborder Spirillinina is represented by genus Spirilina [S. Obconical
(Brady)], as shown in Table 2.
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Table 2.Textulariina and Spirillina benthic foraminifera assemblages in Serasan Seas
Suborder
1. No.
Species Stasiun& Depth
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
Textulariina
1. \Ammobaculitesspp. f c C
2. Spiroplectinella spp. f
3. Spirotextulariaspp c f
4. Dorothia rotunda
(Cushman) c
5. Karreriella spp. f f
6. Bigerina nodosaria
d'Orbigny c f
7. Sahulia barkeri
Hofker f c f r
8. Textularia
agglutinans d’Orbigny
c c c f
9. Textulariasagittula
Defrance c f a a
10..
Textularia sp. a a a a c a f f f r r
11.
Clavulina spp. r
Spirillinina 1. Spirilina obconical
(Brady) f
Note: a = abundant> 100, c = common 35-99, f = few 11-35, r = rare< 10
Figure 5.Textulariina: Sahuliabarkeri Hofker(L); Textularia agglutinans d’Orbigny (C);
Textularia sp.(R) (Sta. 4)
1. Suborder Miliolina
Theporceleneous shells group is represented by genera: Adelosina [A.
laevigata d'Orbigny], Spiroloculina, Agglutinella, Ammomasilina [A.
alveoliniformis Millett], Lachlanella [L.parkeri (Brady)], Massilina,
Quinqueloculina [Q.pseudoreticulata Parr, Q. seminulum Linnaeus],
Miliolinella [M.australis(Parr)], Pseudomassilina, Pyrgo, Triloculina
[T.tricarinata d’Orbigny], Peneroplis [P. pertusus (Forskal), P. planatus
(Fichtel& Moll)],Archaias [A. angulatus (Fichtel& Moll)], Marginopora
[M. Vertebralis Quoy&Gaimard], and young miliolidae (Table 3).
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2. Suborder Lagenina, represented by genera: Lagena[L. laevis (Montagu), L.
striata(d'Orbigny)], Guttulina, Oolina, and Glandulina (Table 3).
Table 3.Miliolina and Lagenina benthic foraminifera assemblages in Serasan Seas
Suborder
No. Species
Stasiun& Depth
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
Miliolina 1. Adelosina laevigata d'Orbigny
a c
2. Spiroloculina spp. a c c c f r
3. Agglutinella spp. a c a a f f
4. Ammomasilinaalveoliniformis Millett
f a a c
5. Lachlanella parkeri
sp. (Brady) f f r r
6. Massilinaspp. f
7. Quinqueloculina pseudoreticulata
Parr
f c c a f
8. QuinqueloculinaseminulumLinnaeus
r
9. Quinqueloculina sp. a a a a c a f c f f
10
.
Miliolinella
australis (Parr) f
11. Miliolinella sp. c c f
12. Pseudomassilinaspp. c
13. Pyrgo spp. f c r
14. Triloculina
tricarinata d’Orbigny
a f r
15. Triloculina sp. c f c c f r
16. Peneroplis pertusus
(Forskal) c r
17. Peneroplis planatus
(Fichtel & Moll) c f r
18. Archaiasangulatus(F
ichtel& Moll) r
19. Marginopora
vertebralisQuoy &
Gaimard
a
20. Young Miliolidae a a c
Lagenina 1. Lagena laevis
(Montagu) a
2. Lagena striata (d'Orbigny) syn
Oolina striata
d'Orbigny
a c
3. Lagena spp. a c
4. Guttulina spp. c
5. Oolinaspp. a
6. Glandulina spp. c c
Note: a = abundant> 100, c = common 35-99, f = few 11-35, r = rare< 10
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Figure 6. Miliolina: (from left to right) Quinqueloculina pseudoreticulata Parr;
Spiroloculina spp. (Sta. 4); Pyrgo spp; Triloculina spp.; Marginopora vertebralis
Quoy & Gaimard (Sta. 3)
Figure 7.Lagenina: Lagenalaevis (Montagu) (L); Oolina spp. (R)
1. SuborderRotaliina
This calcareous shells group is represented by genera:
Reusella [R. Simplex (Cushman)], Cancris, Eponides [E.
Cribrorepandus (Asano &Uchio), E. repandus (Fitchtell& Moll)],
Neoeponides, Orbitina, Neoconorbina [N.terquemi (Rzehak)],
Rosalina [R.globularis d'Orbigny], Siphoninoides [S.echinatus
(Brady), Discorbia, Lobatula [L.lobatula (Walker & Jacob)],
Planorbulinella [P. larvata (Parker &Jones)], Gypsina,
Cymbaloporetta [C. bradyi(Cushman), C. tabellaeformis(Brady)],
Epistomaroides [E. polystomelloides(Parker & Jones)],
Amphistegina [A. lessonii d’Orbigny, A. quoyiid’Orbigny], Nonion,
Nonionoides [N. grateloupid’Orbigny], Heterolepa,Gyroidina [G.
neosoldanii Brotzen], Hanzawaia [H. Nipponica (Asano)],
Pararotalia, Rotalia, Ammonia [A. beccarii (Linnaeus)],
Asterorotalia [A. bispinosan.sp, A.gaimardii (d’Orbigny), A.
Trispinosa Thalmann], Pseudorotalia, Baculogypsinoides[B. spinosa
Yabe &Hanzawa), Calcarina [C. calcar d’Orbigny, C. spengleri
(Gmelin)], Elphidium [E. Advenum (Chusman), E. crispum
(Linnaeus), E. Macellum (Fichtel& Moll)], Parrellina, Assilina[A.
ammonoides (Gronovius)], Heterostegina and unidentified rotaloid
foram (Table 4).
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Table 4.Rotaliina benthic foraminifera assemblages in Serasan Seas
Suborder
1. N
o.
Species
Stasiun& Depth
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
Rotaliina
1. Reusella simplex (Cushman) a f f
2. Cancris spp. a
3. Eponides cribrorepandus (Asano & Uchio)
f f
4. Eponides repandus (Fitchtell
& Moll) f c c c a f f f r
5. Eponidessp. f
6. Neoeponides spp. f f r
7. Orbitina spp. f
8. Neoconorbina terquemi
(Rzehak) f
9. Neoconorbinasp. f
10. Rosalina globularis d'Orbigny c f r
11. Rosalina sp. c a f
12. Siphoninoides echinatus
(Brady) f
13. Discorbiaspp. c
14. Lobatula lobatula (Walker & Jacob)
c c
15. Planorbulinella larvata
(Parker &Jones) c c c a f
16. Gypsina spp. c c c a r r
17. Cymbaloporetta bradyi
(Cushman) f r
18. Cymbaloporella tabellaeformis (Brady)
f
19. Epistomaroides
polystomelloides (Parker &
Jones)
c f
20. Amphistegina lessonii
d’Orbigny c f c f f
21. Amphistegina quoyii
d’Orbigny r f
22. Amphistegina sp. a a a a a a c f r f c f
23. Nonion spp. c
24. Nonionoides grateloupi
d’Orbigny a
25. Heterolepa spp. a a a c a f r f
26. Gyroidina neosoldanii
Brotzen c a c
27. Hanzawaia nipponica (Asano) c c
28. Pararotalia spp. c
29. Rotalia spp. c c
30. Ammonia beccarii (Linnaeus) c c a f
31. Ammonia sp. c c a a a a f c r c r
32. Asterorotalia bispinosa n.sp c c
33. Asterorotalia gaimardii (d’Orbigny)
a c a c
34. AsterorotaliatrispinosaThalm
ann a a a a a a
35. Asterorotalia sp. a c a a f
36. Pseudorotalia spp. c c a r r
37. Baculogypsinoides spinosa
Yabe & Hanzawa c c f
38. Calcarina calcar d’Orbigny c c c f f r
39. Calcarina spengleri (Gmelin) f f
40. Calcarina sp. c f f
41. Elphidiumadvenum(Chusman) a a a a
42. Elphidium crispum (Linnaeus) c c c c a f f f
43. Elphidium macellum (Fichtel
& Moll) c
44. Elphidium sp. c a a a a c c r f r
45. Parrellina spp. c c c c
46. Assilina ammonoides
(Gronovius) a a a a c a f r f
47. Heterostegina sp. a c f f r
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Suborder
1. N
o.
Species
Stasiun& Depth
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
48. Unidentified rotaloid foram c a a c a a f f f f
Note: a = abundant> 100, c = common 35-99, f = few 11-35, r = rare< 10
Figure 8. Rotaliina: Eponidesrepandus(Fitchtell& Moll) (L);
Epistomaroidespolystomelloides(Parker & Jones) (C); Planorbulinella larvata (Parker
&Jones) (R)(Sta. 3)
Figure 9. Rotaliina: Amphistegina sp. (L); Nonionoides grateloupi d’Orbigny (C) (Sta. 3);
Heterolepa spp.(R)(Sta.4)
Figure 10. Rotaliina: Gyroidina neosoldanii Brotzen (L), Asterorotaliatrispinosa Thalmann
(C),Calcarina calcar d’Orbigny (R)
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Figure 11. Rotaliina:Elphidiumcrispum(Linnaeus) (L), Elphidiummacellum(C);
Parrellinaspp(Fichtel& Moll)(R) (Sta. 3)
Discussion:
1. Calcareous shells or suborderRotaliina is the most abundantly appearing
taxon, more than 54% of total assemblages (average 78%). The most
frequently encountered genera in this group are Eponides,
Amphistegina, Heterolepa, Ammonia, Elphidium, and Assilina.
2. Porceleneous shells that typified by sub ordo Miliolina and Lagenina,
less than 29% (average 17%). The most frequently encountered genus in
this group is represented by Quinqueloculina.
3. Arenaceous shells or subordoTextulariina and Spirillinina are appears
rarely in samples,less than 19% (average 5%) represented mostly by the
genusTextularia.
4. The most abundant dominantis Asterorotalia, reachs the optimum
abundancy of 23%, especially in open sea and reefal samples
(represented by A. trispinosaThalmann). This genus is not recorded in
mangrove and sandy coastal samples.
5. High abundance and diversity of benthic foraminifera assemblages were
indicated in open marine samples. Less abundance and diversity were
found in mangrove and sandy coastal area.
Conclusion
1. Samples collected in Serasan Sea have 59 generaof benthic
foraminifera.
2. Suborder Rotaliinathat has calcareous shells is the most abundantly
appearand highest diversity taxa. Eponides, Amphistegina,
Heterolepa, Ammonia, Elphidium, and Assilina are always found in
all samples. The other genera observed in the samples are
Reusella,Cancris, Neoeponides, Orbitina, Neoconorbina, Rosalina,
Siphoninoides, Discorbia, Lobatula, Planorbulinella, Gypsina,
Cymbaloporetta, Epistomaroides, Nonion, Nonionoides, Gyroidina,
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Hanzawaia, Pararotalia, Rotalia, Asterorotalia, Pseudorotalia,
Baculogypsinoides, Calcarina, Parrellina, Heterostegina and
unidentified rotaloid foram.
3. Subordo Miliolina and Lagenina that have porceleneous shells are
common recorded in samples. The most frequently encountered
genus in this group is Quinqueloculina. Suborder Miliolinais
represented by genera Adelosina, Spiroloculina, Agglutinella,
Ammomasilina, Lachlanella, Massilina, Quinqueloculina,
Miliolinella, Pseudomassilina, Pyrgo, Triloculina, Peneroplis,
Archaias, Marginopora, and young miliolidae. Suborder Lagenina,
represented by genera: Lagena, Guttulina, Oolina, and Glandulina.
4. SubordoTextulariina and Spirillinina with arenaceous shells are rare
in samples. Ammobaculites, Spiroplectinella, Spirotextularia,
Dorothia, Karreriella, Bigerina, Sahulia, Textularia, and Clavulina
is classified into Suborder Textulariina, with Textulariaas the most
frequently encountered genus. Spirilina is the only genus of
Suborder Spirillinina.
5. The most abundant genus is Asterorotalia that recorded only in open
marine and reefal samples (represented by A. Trispinosa Thalmann).
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