International E&E standards trends and challenges including SDGs and Society 5.0

Dr. Yoshiaki Ichikawa, IEC ACEA member and ISO TC 268 SC1 Chairman, Former Chairman of IEC TC 111 Visiting Prof. Tama University Research Center for Rule Making Strategy, International Standardization Promotion Office, Hitachi, Ltd.

1 1

Business Ecosystem

Business Model We Need to Pursue

Provide services to solve social issues

Own unique technology Customer

Return

Conventional

Your company

Partners

Regulators

Funders

NGOs

Other Stakeholders

Rule

High return

2 2

Case of Amazon.com (from annual reports)

2005 2017

Net sales (B$)

3 3

Ecosystem Mechanism

Actor A Actor B

Actor C

Actor D

Actor F

Foster

Foster Foster

Foster

Foster

Foster

Foster Foster

Foster

Foster

4 4

The Scale-up Model of The Ecosystem

mB

Actor B

E.g. Customers

mA

Actor A

E.g. Providers

Ecosystem

Δ𝒎𝒎𝑨𝑨 ∝ 𝒎𝒎𝑩𝑩 Δ𝒎𝒎𝑩𝑩 ∝ 𝒎𝒎𝑨𝑨 and

Δ𝒎𝒎B

Δ𝒎𝒎𝑨𝑨

5 5

mA

t

Exponential growth

Attractiveness of B Attractiveness of A

6 6

Case of Amazon.com (from annual reports)

with R2 = 0.99 Net sales (B$)

2005 2017

7 7

Multi-connected Ecosystem

Actor B

Actor C

Actor A

Ecosystem

Actor Z

8 8

9 9

Reference Document

"Rules" to Design an Ecosystem

11 11

"Rules", Critical Element for Establishing Ecosystem

1. Business ecosystem needs a common agreement which promises shard benefits for all members, i.e., rules.

2. For the business ecosystem featured by "Scale trumps differentiation" principle, blue ocean with no competitors is always to be attempted.

3. New rule will make a blue ocean.

12

Red Ocean

13

Red Ocean

Blue Ocean

14 All Rights Reserved Copyrights C 2016 Hitachi, Ltd.

Six principles for International Standard Body

Purpose is to promote trade

Technical Barrier to Trade Treaty Government Procurement Treaty

National Standard has to be in accordance with International Standard

Laws Procurement

Principles for IS bodies (i) Transparency (iv) Effectiveness/relevance (ii) Openness (v) Coherence (iii) Impartiality (vi) Development Dimension

ISO

IEC

ITU

15 15

Conventional Areas of Standardization U

pstre

am o

f soc

ial d

eman

d

Performance Protocols Technical Standards

Social issues

National projects

Operator needs

Metrics (KPI)

Products

Services

16 16

Rule-making

Standards

Promising Areas of Standardization

Approach to solve issues

Systems of systems

Service Standards

Ups

tream

of s

ocia

l dem

and Social issues

National projects

Operator needs

Metrics (KPI)

Products

Services

17 17

Collaboration and Complementarity Principle Building Block Approach

Social System TC (Open Platform) Standards to be developed

IEC TC XY made ISO TC XX made

ITU-T SG XZ made JTC1 SC ZZ made

Gap to Address

Gap to Address

Gap to Addresses

Gap to Address

Liaison or Joint Work

Liaison or Joint Work

Liaison or Joint Work

Consultation first between relevant Committee. Depending on the result, set up Liaisons (one way/two way) and/or JWG

A Case of Standardization ─ Environmental Standard in IEC TC 111

19

Three Major Standardisation Bodies and Environmental TCs

SG 5

International Telecommunication Union

ISO TC 207

IEC International Electrotechnical Commission

TC 111

ITU Environmental

Focus

International Standard Organization

20

ISO

IEC

ITU

ISO TC207

IEC TC111

JWG ECD

The first model case in Environmental Focus... Develop ISO/IEC double logo standard

- Added value - Collaboration - Integrated generic concept - Promote supply chain connectivity

Create successful joint work

21

Outline of IEC TC 111

Established: October, 2004 Title: Environmental Standardization for Electrical

and Electronic Products and Systems Officers

- Chairman: Yoshiaki Ichikawa (Japan) - Secretary: Andrea Legnani (Italy) - Technical Officer: Matei Cocimarov (IEC)

■ Last plenary meeting: 2017-10-13, Vladivostok, Russia ■ Next plenary meeting: 2018-10-26, Busan, Korea

Focus is on Environmental Standards that span the electrotechnical industry

22

Scope of IEC TC111

Standardization of environmental aspects concerning: To prepare the necessary guidelines, basic and horizontal

standards, including technical reports, in the environmental area, in close cooperation with product committees of IEC, which remain autonomous in dealing with the environmental aspects relevant to their products;

To liaise with product committees in the elaboration of environmental requirements of product standards in order to foster common technical approaches and solutions for similar problems and thus assure consistency in IEC standards;

To liaise with ACEA and ISO/TC 207; To monitor closely the corresponding regional standardization

activities worldwide in order to become a focal point for discussions concerning standardization;

EMC and EMF aspects are excluded from the scope.

23

IEC TC111 Meetings

May 2005 Milan Oct 2005 Cape Town

Oct 2007 Paris

Mar 2007 Tokyo Jun 2006 Redmond

Oct 2008 Jeju Oct 2009 Tel Aviv

Oct 2010 Seattle Oct 2011 Melbourne Oct 2012 Fortaleza

Nov 2013 Shenzhen Nov 2014 Tokyo Nov 2015 KISTA Nov 2016 Frankfurt

Nov 2017 Vladivostok

24

Membership of IEC TC111

Members (37) P-members: AU, BE, CZ, CN, DE, ES, DK, GB, FR, FI, IT, KR, TH, SE,

IN, NO, MX, MY, NL, CA, JP, IE, EG, BR, US (25) O-Members: AT, SK, PK, RU, SI, IL, RO, PL, CH, SG, ZA, BY (12) Outside IEC liaisons: ISO/TC207, ISO/TC61 (Plastics), ECMA,

ISO/TC268/SC1 (Smart Community Infra.), JTC1/SC39 Internal liaisons: TC1, SC3D, SC22H, TC47, TC59, SC62A, SC65B,

SC 86A, TC91, TC94, TC96, TC100, TC107, TC108, TC110, TC113, SC121A

25

Structure / Activity of IEC TC 111

AHG :Terminology

WG1: Material Declaration

WG3: Test Procedures for Regulated Hazardous Substances: PTs on -3-2 Ed.2, -3-3 Ed.1, -9 Ed.1, -10 Ed.1

PT 62476: Guidance for Evaluation of Product with Respect to Substance Use Restrictions

ISO/IEC JWG 62959: Environmentally Conscious Design

IEC 62474 Ed.1.0 IEC TR62474-1 Ed. 1.0

IEC 62321-1...8 Ed1.0

IEC TR 62476 Ed.1.0

IEC 62542 Ed.1.0 included in IEV

WG4: Green House Gases

VT 62474: DB for Material Declaration

Disbanded after publication

IEC TR 62725 Ed.1.0/ IEC TR 62726 Ed.1.0

PT 01: Env. Performance Criteria

TF: SBP

PT 62824: Material Efficiency Guidance for ECD

PT 62635/62650: Recyclability IEC TR 62635 Ed.1.0

PT 63000: Technical documentation for the assessment of electrical and electronic products with respect to the restriction of hazardous substances

MT 62474: Material Declaration

IEC 62430 Ed.1.0

IEC TR 62824 Ed.1.0

26

Relationships of Environmental Issues and IEC TC111 Projects

Climate change

Resource efficiency

Health

Basic environmental issues

TC111 standards & activities

Eco-design

Hazardous chemicals management

Energy and GHG

Current highlighted agenda for

EE industries

Material efficiency - Water - Rare metal - Fossil fuel

- Toxic chemicals - Emission

- Green house gas

IEC/VT 62474: Material declaration

IEC 62430, JWG: Env. Cons. Design

IEC 62321: Substances test

IEC TR 62476: Restr. Sub. Guidance

IEC TR 62635: Recycling Rate

Laws & Regulations

IEC TR 62725/26: GHG

IEC TR 62824: Material Eff.

IEC 63000: Technical Document

PT01: Env. performance criteria

27

IEC/ISO JWG “ECD” 62959 Environmental Conscious Design (ECD) - Principles, requirements and guidance

Title: Environmental Conscious Design (ECD) - Principles, requirements and guidance

Convenors: Shu Yamada (Japan), and Daniel Trillos (Colombia) Objective: Joint standard for ECD (together with ISO TC207) to expand the

scope to non-EEE sectors Additional guidance areas for ECD to be considered Progress: IEC 62430 Ed.1.0 (June, 2009) Develop NWIP for revision for the double logo standard of IEC/ISO (November, 2013) NWIP Voting - IEC TC 111: March 28- July 4, 2014 Approved - ISO TC 207: June 6 –September 5, 2014 Approved CD2 Voting - June 30, 2017 Approved CDV(DIS) was circulated

28

Great contribution to JWG ECD by

international experts incl. China

29

There are various terms that are used to describe the process associated with the minimisation of the environmental effects of a product throughout its life cycle. The goal of “ECD” is the reduction of adverse environmental impacts of a product throughout its entire life cycle.

This standard uses the term “ECD” as a synonym for these other term

What is the term “ECD” ?

30

INTRODUCTION 1. Scope 2. Normative reference 3. Terms and definitions 4. Principles of environmentally conscious design (ECD)

4.1 General 4.2 Life cycle thinking 4.3 Integration of ECD into the management strategy of an organization

Principles

Developing standard - Contents (CD2)

31

5. Requirements of environmentally conscious design (ECD) 5.1 General 5.2 Analysis of stakeholder requirements 5.3 Identification and evaluation of environmental aspects 5.4 Incorporation of ECD into design and development 5.5 ECD Review 5.5.1 Process review 5.5.2 Design review 5.5.3 Documented information of reviews 5.6 Information exchange

Requirements

Developing standard - Contents (CD2)

32

6. Guidance on implementing environmentally conscious design (ECD)

6.1 General 6.2 Analysis of stakeholder requirements 6.3 Identification and evaluation of environmental aspects 6.4 Incorporation of ECD into design and development 6.5 ECD Review 6.6 Information exchange

Guidance

Developing standard - Contents (CD2)

33

Requirements on Information Exchange 5.6 Information exchange As part of the ECD, the organization shall exchange information with other parties in the value chain to achieve its objective. If the information from the value chain is not available the organization shall take other measures to obtain the required information. Information exchange for cooperation among parties involved should start as early as possible in the ECD. Information to be exchanged may include: a) resources used; b) emissions and waste generated by the product; c) guidance to achieve or improve environmental performance; d) end of life considerations (e.g. recyclability); and e) environmental labels and declarations.

34

Goods and Service are Both Addressed

35

Information Exchange Concept

Information exchange and collaboration

Value Chain

Value Chain

Upstream supplier

Middle stream supplier

Final product or service provider

Downstream users

incl. recyclers

A Case of Systems of Systems ─ Smart Cities in ISO TC 268 SC1

37 37

We Address Smart City as "A System of Systems"

Smart community infrastructures

Water

Energy

Waste management

Transportation

ICT (Solar panels)

38 38

Smart Community Infrastructures

39 39

Members of ISO/TC 268/SC 1

Austria, Canada, China, Chile, Denmark, France, Germany, Greece, India, Iran, Japan, Korea, Mexico, Netherlands, Norway, Romania, Russia, Rwanda, South Africa, Spain, Sri Lanka, Sweden, Ukraine, UK, US

Argentina, Brazil, Czech, Egypt, Finland, Malaysia, Poland, Singapore, Switzerland,, Turkey, UAE

40 40

Background: Why infrastructure ?

Community infrastructure is essential to solve societal problems Economic growth is effective and essential to solve societal problems

including poverty, pollution, public hygiene, etc.

Fundamental community infrastructures including energy, water, transportation, waste-management and ICT are essential to achieve economic growth.

Urban congestion causes diverse societal problems.

Poverty

Pollution

Public hygiene

Crime

Traffic congestion

Noise

41 41

ISO 37151 3.3 smart community infrastructure

community infrastructure with enhanced technological performance that is designed, operated and maintained to contribute to sustainable development and resilience of the community

Note 1: It is the infrastructure that is considered to be “smart” in this standard and not the community.

Note 2: Sustainable development tends to require community infrastructures that meet multiple, often contradictory, needs at the same time.

Note 3: ICT is an enabler but not a precondition for achieving smart community infrastructures.

Definition of Smart Community Infrastructure

42 42

ISO/TC 268 “Sustainable

development in communities”

Structure of ISO/TC 268/SC 1

ISO/TC 268/SC 1 “Smart community

infrastructures”

WG 1 “Infrastructure

metrics”

WG 2 “Integration and

interaction framework”

TG 1 “Roadmap”

TG 2 “Road Testing”

WG 3 “Smart

transportation”

WG 4 “Data exchange and

sharing”

WG 5 “Power Plant”

43 43

ISO TS 37151

44 44

ISO/TS 37151:2015 – 14 categories of needs

• The following 14 categories of needs are the minimum set of issues to be considered in the selection of performance metrics

45 45

Summary of Deliverables, Ongoing Projects

• Projects for all types of community infrastructure ISO/TR 37150 "Review of existing activities relevant to metrics" ISO/TS 37151 "Principles and requirements for metrics" ISO 37153 "Maturity model for assessment and improvement" ISO/TR 37152 “Common framework for development & operation” ISO 37155 "Opportunities and challenges from interactions"

• Projects for specific type of community infrastructures ISO 37154 “Best practice guidelines for transportation” ISO 37156 "Guidelines on Data Exchange and Sharing" ISO 37157 "Smart transportation for compact cities" ISO 37158 "Battery-powered bus transportation systems" ISO 37159 "Rapid transit in/between city zones and surrounding areas" ISO 37160 "Measurement method for quality of thermal power station"

46 46

Providers

Standards Trigger Creating Business Ecosystem

Motivation and Competition Needs & Certification

Standards

Foster

Foster Cities

Industry 4.0 and Society 5.0

48 48

Look back ToC (Theory of constraint) (1)

Max 1000/day Max 800/day Max 1200/day Max 1000/day

https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Datei:Herbie_in_a_queue.png

49 49

Look back ToC (Theory of constraint) (2)

Digital Communication Network (IoT)

50 50

Industry 4.0 and Connected Industries

Like a TOC (Theory of Constraint) expanded worldwide

Improve total throughput

Connected Industry

51 51

Society 5.0

52 52

The Purpose of Society 5.0

Source: Cabinet Office Japan

53 53

Sustainable Development Goals Adopted by UN

54 54

SDGs and Business Source: Better Business, Better World, Business & Sustainable Development Commission

55 55

Society 5.0 as An Ecosystem

Cross-sectoral Innovation Facilitation Platform

Data Platform

Autonomous Driving

Social Issues

Contribute

Society 5.0

Construction Disaster Mgm

Data Platform

Agriculture

Data Platform

Manufacture

Data Platform

Health/ Medical

Data Platform

Increase Increase Increase Increase

56 56

Activities in Keidanren, Japan

Source: SHIROISHI, et al., “Society 5.0: For Human Security and Well-Being”. IEEE Computer, vol 51, no. 7 IEEE Computer Society, July 2018

57 57

What is Innovation

Novel Combination of (Existing) Different Technologies, Services and Products

58 58

Society 5.0 for Business Ecosystem ─ Like A Catalyst

Reaction progress

Pote

ntia

l Ene

rgy Activation energies

With catalyst

Without catalyst

59