international energy efficiency building

An Overview of Building Energy

Efficiency in India

International Building Energy

Efficiency and ZEB Conference

Beijing, China (March 31st, 2010)

Satish Kumar, Ph.D.

Chief of Party, USAID ECO-III Project

International Resources Group

Presentation Outline

» World Energy Scenario

» Indian Energy Scenario

» Why Buildings ?

» India’s Building Sector

» Current Programs and Policies

» ECO-III Contributions




» ECO-III Contributions

» Path Forward

World Energy Scenario




World Energy Scenario

2 000

3 000

4 000

5 000

bil

lio

n d

oll

ars

(2

00

5)

Cumulative Power Sector Investment, 2005-2030




0

1 000

OECD European

Union

United

States

Transition

economies

China India LatinAmerica

Rest ofdevelopingcountries

bil

lio

n d

oll

ars

(2

00

5)

Capacity replacement Demand increase

The largest investments are needed in developing Asia – especially

countries like China and India – mostly to meet surging demand (Source: Energy Information Administration (EIA), International Energy Annual 2006 (June-December 2008)

Energy Scenario in India

» Installed Capacity in India – Approx. 160,000 MW

» Projected Capacity in 2030 – 800,000 MW

• 600 MW capacity addition each week

» Continued deficit supply in

2007-08 (MOP)

• Peak power deficit of 16.6%

• Energy Deficit of 9.9%

31200

30000

35000

Electric Power in

MW

Requirements vs Achievements of Installed Capacity

Capacitiy Addition




• Energy Deficit of 9.9%

» Capacity Added by China in

last two years – 180,000 MW

3569

6853 7263

3454

6257

0

5000

10000

15000

20000

25000

2005-06 2006-07 2007-08 2008-09 2009-10

Source: Planning Commision's-- Integrated Energy Policy Report 2006 ,

Ministry of Power's-- Annual Report 2007-08

Presentation on 'Indian Power Sector: Key Issues'- R.V. Sahi (2006)

Capacitiy Addition

estimated in

Planning

Commision' s

Integrated Energy

Policy Report

Capacity installed

during the year

Energy Scenario in India

Domestic

24%

Commercial

9%

Public Lighting

Traction

(Railways)

2%

Agricultutre

21%

Public Water

Works &

Sewage

Pumping

3%

Miscellaneous

2%

1614

14861433

1600

1800

State-wise Per Capita Electricity

Consumption During the Year 2007-08




Industry

38%

Public Lighting

1%

Source: General Review 2009, Central Electricity Authority

1020

623

439

188101

0

200

400

600

800

1000

1200

1400

Punjab Gujarat Delhi Maharashtra Madhya

Pradesh

West Bengal Assam Bihar

Ele

ctri

city

in

kW

h

Source: Central Electricity Authority's 'Year End Review 2007-08'

National Average

Why Buildings?

»Buildings are responsible for over 33% energy consumption and

associated GHG emissions in industrialized and developing

countries

»Bulk of emissions occur during operation (use) of buildings

• HVAC

• Lighting




• Lighting

• Equipment and Appliances

»Fastest growing – and largest – segments of buildings market

are in developing countries

• China, Brazil, India, Indonesia, Mexico

Projected Growth Across Building Sector in India




Source: McKinsey Analysis

Growth in the Indian Building Sector

Commercial Buildings Growth Forecast

» Currently, ~ 950 million m2 (USAID ECO-III Internal Estimate Using CEA and

Benchmarked Energy Use data)

» In 2030,~ 3,200 million m2 (estimated) *

• 70% building stock is yet to be constructed

» Opportunity for the government - 50% of the new construction in the public




30%

70%

» Opportunity for the government - 50% of the new construction in the public

sector

Year: 2009

Yet to be built

950

Year: 2030* Assuming 6% Annual Growth

ENERGY CONSERVATION BUILDING CODE (ECBC)

» Covers new buildings and ensures

minimum energy performance reqs.

» ECBC launched by Govt. of India on

27th May,2007

» Building components included

• Building Envelope (Walls, Roofs,

Windows)




Windows)

• Lighting (Indoor and Outdoor)

• Heating Ventilation and Air

Conditioning (HVAC) System

• Solar Water Heating and Pumping

• Electrical Systems (Power Factor,

Transformers)

Energy Conservation Building Code Implementation

»Moving From Technical Content Development and

Capacity Building to Implementation

• ECBC Implementation Roadmap

• Framework to test ECBC implementation in one state

• Replicate the model

• ECBC Compliance Check Tools




• ECBC Compliance Check Tools

• ECONirman to check prescriptive and trade-off compliance

• Certified Building Energy Professionals

• Introduce rigor through a BEE-Certified program

• Fully conversant with ECBC clauses and specifications

– Basic understanding of building physics

• Training and certification for ECBC Evaluators/Code Compliance officials

ECBC Compliance Check Software: ECONirman

» Overview:

• Develop an efficient, fast and scalable tool for checking compliance.

• building meets the compliance requirements as set by ECBC

• Developed as a web application

• Can be extended to PC application

• Being developed in partnership with BEE and US DOE (Pacific Northwest

National Laboratory – Developer of ComCheck)




National Laboratory – Developer of ComCheck)

» Objectives:

• Input parameters: Site location, building data, materials and system data.

• Store information in a separate database for easy future access and maintenance.

• Provision for transferring/developing the data for country wide survey and data

analysis.

• Tailored for conditions prevalent in the Indian sub-continent.

• System Level Checks – Full or partial compliance reporting

ECBC Compliance Check Software: ECONirman




Legend:1. Notification to initiate ECBC

implementation in the states

2. Directives to start ECBC implementation

process

3. Existing General Development Control

Regulation (GDCR) Document

4. Administrative Inputs

5. Technical Inputs

6. Recommendations for developing Model

GDCR

7. Model GDCR for all ULBs

8, 9, and n: Amended building Bye Laws for

ECBC Implementation Framework – Central and State

Govt. Level




8, 9, and n: Amended building Bye Laws for

approval of State Legislative Assembly

8*, 9*, and n*: Approved Bye Laws for

ULB’s to enforce

Abbreviations: MoP : Ministry of Power

BEE : Bureau of Energy Efficiency

SDA : State Designated Agency under

EC Act

MoUD : Ministry of Urban Development

UDD : Urban Development Department

ULB : Urban Local Body

Legend:

A: Approved/ Ammended

Building Bye Laws

B: Inspecting by Third

ECBC Implementation Framework – Municipal Level




B: Inspecting by Third

Party

C: Inspection and

Certification Report

D: Certification Report

LEED INDIA rating from

INDIAN GREEN BUILDING




INDIAN GREEN BUILDING

COUNCIL (IGBC)

LEED India

» A voluntary, market-driven building rating system based on UGBC’s LEED

rating system.

» Evaluates environmental performance from a whole building perspective

over a building’s life cycle.

» Covers five environmental categories:

• Sustainable Sites

• Water EfficiencyRating New Construction

(NC)Core & Shell (C&S)




• Water Efficiency

• Energy & Atmosphere

• Materials & Resources

• Indoor Environmental

Quality

» Currently 531 buildings are registered under LEED and 73 buildings are

certified

LEED Certified 26-32 23-27

LEED Certified Silver level 33-38 28-33

LEED Certified Gold level 39-51 34-44

LEED Certified Platinum level 52-69 45-61

Growth of Green Buildings

“LEED India” from Indian Green Building Council (IGBC)

322

465

531(As on March)

300

400

500

600

Registered

Certified




All types of buildings, all over the country :

IT Parks, Offices, Banks, Airport, Convention Centre, Institutions, Hotels, Residential, Factories . . .

1 0 2 1 10 2 17 540 10

80

1530

63 73

0

100

200

2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010

Green Rating for Integrated

Habitat Assessment (GRIHA)




From Ministry of New &

Renewable Energy(MNRE)

Government of India

Set of 34 criteria

100 (+4 innovation points)

point system with differential

weightage on various criteria

� 51 - 60

GRIHA - Highlights




� 51 - 60

� 61 - 70

� 71 - 80

� 81- 90

� 91- 100

Total Projects Number of

Buildings

Total Area, Sq.ft

Certified Buildings 2* 6,00,867

Registered

Buildings

36* 2,19,29,769

GRIHA Rating

* As of March 2010




» GRIHA is the National Rating System

» Central Public Works Department(CPWD), the construction arm of Govt. of India

has adopted it as its Green Building Standard

» Govt of India has decided to build all its new buildings to meet minimum of GRIHA

3 Star rating.

First 5 star rated GRIHA building in IIT Kanpur

Trees preserved and protected

Solar PV and Solar Thermal systems




Outdoor solar lights

N-S Orientation with shading

(roof/window)

Lesser paving

Eco- Housing India

Focus AreasFocus AreasFocus AreasFocus Areas PointsPointsPointsPoints

Site Planning 260

Environment Architecture 80

Efficient Building Materials 200

Energy Efficient Lighting 50

Solar Water Heaters 50

Water Conservation 200

Solid Waste Management 80

Other Innovative Measures 80




Other Innovative Measures 80

RangeRangeRangeRange RatingRatingRatingRating

500 ****501 – 600 ********601 – 700 ************701 – 800 ****************>800 ********************

Role of Codes and Standards and Green Buildings in Improving

Energy EfficiencyB

uil

din

g s

tock

Codes and




Bu

ild

ing

sto

ck

Building Energy Performance

Codes and standards are effective tools for “pushing up the low end” of

design and construction practice; they are most effective when accompanied

by programs that demonstrate more efficient construction practice.

Green Building

Practices

Codes and

Standards

Relationship of ECBC With Other Programs

ProgramProgramProgramProgramOrganizatioOrganizatioOrganizatioOrganizationnnn

CompliancCompliancCompliancCompliance Requirede Requirede Requirede Required

Building TypeBuilding TypeBuilding TypeBuilding Type Building WithBuilding WithBuilding WithBuilding With ScopeScopeScopeScopeLinkage to Linkage to Linkage to Linkage to ECBCECBCECBCECBC

ECBCMinistry of Power/BEE

Voluntary Commercial

Connected Load>=500kWContract Demand >=600kVA

Energy Efficiency

NA

LEED-IndiaCII-Green Business Voluntary

Commercial/ Institutional

-Sustainable design/green

Refers to ECBC for energy efficiency




LEED-India Business Center

VoluntaryInstitutional

- design/green building

efficiency credits

GRIHA MNRE VoluntaryResidential/ Commercial/ Institutional

-Sustainable design/green building

Refers to ECBC for energy efficiency credits

Environmental ImpactAssessment (EIA)

Ministry of Environment and Forests

MandatoryCommercial/Residential

Applicable to Large Projects

Environmental Impact

ECBC and Environmental Clearance requirements are related

Macro Analysis – Building Population

N=760

Offices,

317Hospitals,

152

Retail

Malls (43)

Education

Institutions

(31)

Others

(28)




Hotels,

182

152

Benchmarking

Number of

BuildingsBuilding Type

Floor Area

(m2)

Annual Energy

Consumption

(kWh)

Benchmarking Indices

OFFICE BUILDINGS kWh/m2/year

145 One shift Buildings 16,716 20,92,364 149

55 Three shifts Buildings 31,226 88,82,824 349

88 Public Sector Buildings 15,799 18,38,331 115

224 Private Sector Buildings 28,335 44,98,942 258

10 Green Buildings 8,382 15,89,508 141




10 Green Buildings 8,382 15,89,508 141

HOSPITALS kWh/m2/year kWh/bed/year

128 Multi-specialty Hospitals 8721 24,53,060 378 13,890

22 Government Hospitals 19,859 13,65,066 88 2,009

HOTELS kWh/m2/year kWh/room/year

89 Luxury Hotels (4 and 5

Star)

19,136 48,65,711 279 24,110

Averages for different commercial buildings(Source: Building Energy Benchmarking study undertaken by the USAID ECO-III Project)

Energy Intensity Level for different Building Types




Frequency Distribution – Energy Intensity for Private

and Public sector office buildings

2123

55

4240

24

19

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

0 - 50 51 - 100 101 - 200 201 - 300 301 - 400 401 - 500 Above 500

Nu

mb

er

of

bu

ild

ing

s

EPI Range, kWh/sqm/year

Private Sector

Office BuildingsEPIRange Buildings

0 - 50 21

51 - 100 23

101 - 200 55

201 - 300 42

301 - 400 40

401 - 500 24

Above 500 19

N=224




0 - 50 51 - 100 101 - 200 201 - 300 301 - 400 401 - 500 Above 500EPI Range, kWh/sqm/year

Above 500 19

18

33

28

7

4

0 00

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

0 - 50 51 - 100 101 - 200 201 - 300 301 - 400 401 - 500 Above 500

Nu

mb

er

of

bu

ild

ing

s

EPI Range, kWh/sqm/year

Publicsector

Office BuildingsEPI Range Buildings

0 - 50 18

51 - 100 33

101 - 200 28

201 - 300 7

301 - 400 4

401 - 500 0

Above 500 0

N=90

Office Building Performance = f(Air conditioning load)

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

350

400

1 3 5 7 9 11 13 15 17 19 21 23 25 27 29 31 33 35 37 39 41 43 45 47 49 51 53 55 57 59 61 63 65 67 69

Mean: 94

Median: 68

AC floor space AC floor space AC floor space AC floor space below below below below 50505050%

N=69




0

200

400

600

800

1000

1200

1 8

15

22

29

36

43

50

57

64

71

78

85

92

99

10

6

11

3

12

0

12

7

13

4

14

1

14

8

15

5

16

2

16

9

17

6

18

3

19

0

19

7

20

4

21

1

Mean: 257

Median: 220

AC floor space AC floor space AC floor space AC floor space above above above above 50%50%50%50%

N=215

Performance Based Building

Rating Program

BEE 5 Star Labels

�Office Buildings- Single shiftExisting

Star Rating Program




�Office Buildings- Single shift

�BPO Buildings

Existing

Scheme

Under

Development

• Hospitals

• Hotels

•Shopping Malls

SCHEME FOR RATING OF BUILDINGS

� The Star Rating Program for buildings is based on actual performance of

the building in terms of specific energy usage (kWh/sq m/year).

� This program would rate office buildings on a 1-5 Star scale with 5 Star

labeled buildings being the most efficient.

� Five categories of buildings - office buildings, hotels, hospitals, retail malls,

and IT Parks in five climate zones in the country have been identified.

� Office buildings in the following 3 climatic zones for air-conditioned and




� Office buildings in the following 3 climatic zones for air-conditioned and

non- air-conditioned:

• Warm and Humid

• Composite

• Hot and Dry

� It will be subsequently extended to other climatic zones and building types.

Scheme for BPO Buildings

» Based on “ Average Annual Hourly Energy Performance Index”(AAhEPI)

» Program targeted at BPO buildings in 4 climatic zones

• Warm & Humid

• Composite

• Hot & Dry

• Temperate

» 1 to 5 Star Scale with 5 Star being the most energy efficient




» 1 to 5 Star Scale with 5 Star being the most energy efficient

» Scheme is in place from December 2009

Star Rating – India will it be moving this way?




Strengthening/Creating EE Institutions

Establishment of three Regional Energy Efficiency Centres

• Building Envelope & Energy Modeling – CEPT

• Government of India, Government of Gujarat, US Department of Energy, NFRC, Glazing Society

of India

• SMEs (Industrial Furnaces) – SEE-Tech

• Domestic Appliances – WBREDA

» Major Objectives of REECs




• Enhance energy efficiency awareness and education among energy end-users

• Facilitate showcasing and demonstration of energy efficient products for public at

large

• Promote development (incubation) of energy efficient technologies

• Encourage research and interdisciplinary collaboration on energy efficiency

• Catalyze the development and growth of energy efficiency market and business in

the country

Regional Energy Efficiency Centers




Regulatory framework for Education

Ministry of Human

Resource

Development

(MHRD)

Architectural Education

Architectural Profession

Department of School

Education & Literacy

CURRICULUM

R & D

Student

MARKET

MECHANISMS &

POLICY

FRAMEWORKS

• Regulations,

Policies and Acts

Department of Higher

Education (Technical)

Framework for Architectural Curriculum Enhancement




• All India Council for

Technical Education

(AICTE) – National

Accreditation Board

• Council of

Architecture (COA)

COUNCILS

UGC

• University Grants

Commission

QUALITY

ASSURANCE

FUNDING &

SUPPORT

ProfessionalBUILT

ENVIRONMENT

Policies and Acts

• Building Ratings

and Energy efficiency

Standards

Te

ach

in

g

Socio-economic, Cultural and Environmental

Needs

Curriculum Enhancement for Academic Institutes

» Long-term Capacity Development Initiative – A Unique Activity

• Focus on HR Development at the national level and help prepare next generation

of architects and engineers

» National Institute of Advanced Studies in Architecture and the Bureau of

Energy Efficiency

» Enabling Government-Industry-University partnership

• 18 educational institutions involved; 20 more to join




• 18 educational institutions involved; 20 more to join

• Focus on Building Physics and Energy Simulation and Integration in Architectural

Design Studio

» Train the Trainer and Regional Workshops

Building Energy Efficiency: Path Forward

» Net Zero Energy Building Goals

• Integrate Energy Efficiency with Renewable Energy

» Develop a framework for separate residential energy code

• Target “best bang for buck” sub-sectors

• High-rise residential development

• Public housing sector

• Keep it simple – develop an 80% solution

•




• Integrate Standards and Labeling program

» Skills development and enhancement program for building trade

professionals

• Preserve and pass on traditional knowledge

• Vocational training

» Invest in the future

• Work with architecture and engineering colleges

• Prepare the next generation of building design professionals

Work with Govt. and Industry to Inspire “Game

Changing” Technologies and Policies

» India should embrace and require “adaptive” thermal comfort standards that is based on sound science and takes into account thermal preferences of people in tropical climates.

» Challenge the Air-conditioning industry to come up with “game-changing” technology”

» How to Make Promising and Innovative Energy-Efficient Technologies Into Mainstream Technologies• Solar Cooling, Radiant Cooling, Vapor Absorption, Direct-Indirect Evaporative Cooling,

Ground-Source Heat Pump




• Solar Cooling, Radiant Cooling, Vapor Absorption, Direct-Indirect Evaporative Cooling, Ground-Source Heat Pump

» Challenge the Industry to Reduce HVAC efficiency from 0.75 to 1.25 kW/ton of refrigeration to 0.4 to 0.6 kW/ton (50% reduction)

» Use de-centralized system (energy-efficient, better controls, etc.)

» Identify technologies that provide comfort conditioning and show 50% energy reduction

» IT Industry Placed India on Global Map; CET Industry Should Make India Global Leader

ECO-III Project Partners - Key to Success

» Public Sector Partners

• Bureau of Energy Efficiency

• International Partners: US DOS, US

DOE, LBNL, EVO, AEE, NFRC

• Reserve Bank of India, CPWD

• GUDC, GEDA, PEDA and WBREDA

• World Bank

» Private Sector Partners

• Alliance to Save Energy, NPC, DSCL

Energy Services, CEPT, Conzerv,

NISST, See-Tech, AEEE

• Infosys

• DLF

• E-Source, Colorado, USA




• World Bank

» Industry Associations

• CII Green Business Center

• NASSCOM, ISHRAE

• Glazing Society of India

• E-Source, Colorado, USA

• DesignBuilder, UK

» Academic Institutions

• 20 Architecture/Engineering Colleges

• CEPT, IIT-KGP, IIT-R, IIIT, MNIT

• IIM Ahmedabad

• IIT Roorkee

• Technical University of Vienna

Thank You

Contact Information




Contact Information

Satish Kumar, Ph.D.

Chief of Party, USAID ECO-III Project

Phone: +91-11-2685-3110

Email: [email protected]

URL: www.eco3.org

international energy efficiency building

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