international journal of geological and geotechnical engineering vol 2 issue 2

Mechanical Engineering

Electronics and Telecommunication Chemical Engineering

Architecture

Office No-4, 1 Floor, CSC, Pocket-E,Mayur Vihar, Phase-2, New Delhi-110091, India

E-mail: [email protected]

¬ International Journal of Thermal Energy andApplications

¬ International Journal of Production Engineering¬ International Journal of Industrial Engineering

and Design¬ International Journal of Manufacturing and

Materials Processing¬ International Journal of Mechanical Handling and

Automation

« International Journal of Radio Frequency Design« International Journal of VLSI Design and Technology« International Journal of Embedded Systems and Emerging

Technologies« International Journal of Digital Electronics« International Journal of Digital Communication and Analog

Signals

« International Journal of Housing and Human SettlementPlanning

« International Journal of Architecture and Infrastructure Planning

« International Journal of Rural and Regional Planning Development

« International Journal of Town Planning and Management

Applied Mechanics

5 more...

1 more...

2 more...2 more...

5 more...

Computer Science and Engineering « International Journal of Wireless Network Security« International Journal of Algorithms Design and Analysis« International Journal of Mobile Computing Devices« International Journal of Software Computing and Testing« International Journal of Data Structures and Algorithms

Nanotechnology« International Journal of Applied Nanotechnology« International Journal of Nanomaterials and Nanostructures« International Journals of Nanobiotechnology

« International Journal of Solid State Materials« International Journal of Optical Sciences

Physics

« International Journal of Renewable Energy and itsCommercialization

« International Journal of Environmental Chemistry« International Journal of Agrochemistry« International Journal of Prevention and Control of Industrial

Pollution

Civil Engineering« International Journal of Water Resources Engineering« International Journal of Concrete Technology« International Journal of Structural Engineering and Analysis« International Journal of Construction Engineering and

Planning

Electrical Engineering« International Journal of Analog Integrated Circuits« International Journal of Automatic Control System« International Journal of Electrical Machines & Drives« International Journal of Electrical Communication

Engineering« International Journal of Integrated Electronics Systems and

Circuits

Material Sciences and Engineering « International Journal of Energetic Materials« International Journal of Bionics and Bio-Materials« International Journal of Ceramics and Ceramic Technology« International Journal of Bio-Materials and Biomedical

Engineering

Chemistry « International Journal of Photochemistry« International Journal of Analytical and Applied Chemistry« International Journal of Green Chemistry« International Journal of Chemical and Molecular

Engineering

« International Journal of Electro Mechanics andMechanical Behaviour

« International Journal of Machine Design andManufacturing

« International Journal of Mechanical Dynamicsand Analysis

« International Journal of Fracture and damageMechanics

« International Journal of Structural Mechanicsand Finite Elements

5 more...4 more...

3 more...

Biotechnology « International Journal of Industrial Biotechnology and

Biomaterials« International Journal of Plant Biotechnology« International Journal of Molecular Biotechnology« International Journal of Biochemistry and Biomolecules« International Journal of Animal Biotechnology and

Applications3 more...

Nursing « International Journal of Immunological Nursing« International Journal of Cardiovascular Nursing« International Journal of Neurological Nursing« International Journal of Orthopedic Nursing« International Journal of Oncological Nursing

5 more... 4 more...

Subm

it

Your

Article 2

017

www.journalspub.com

Jul–Dec 2016 IJGGE

International Journal of

Geological and Geotechnical

Engineering

International Journals Publisher

JournalsPub is a multi-disciplinary international journal boosting innovative & eminence research work

by Division of Dhruv Infosystems Pvt. Ltd. Launched in 2014 under the support and guidance by our

Honorable Editorial Board Members from renowned institutes.

Objectives of JournalsPub

JournalsPub is international scholarly journal that publishes peer reviewed journal in the frontier areas of

Applied Sciences, Medical and Engineering.

JournalsPub publishes Original Research Papers, Review Papers, Popular Articles, Short

Communications & Case Study.

Publishing special issues on Proceedings of Conferences, Seminars and Symposia.

JournalsPub Publishes issues twice a year (bi-annually) in English-language which is available online

(open access) and in printed version with a goal to promote an extensive academic awareness.

JournalsPub desires to set a good benchmark in the publishing industry by launching more than 100+

new International Journals to help the scientific community to enhance communication within the

research communities and maintain a balance between the existing and emerging interdisciplinary

technologies.

JournalsPub aims to provide quality research articles for Academic Researchers, Industrial

Professionals, Engineers, Scientists, Professors, etc. working in the areas of Applied Sciences, Medical

and Engineering to contribute and communicate innovative work.

Salient Features

An umbrella of 100+ journals that covers Applied Sciences, Medial and Engineering Arena.

The first and one of the rapidly emerging publication website in Country as well as overseas for its

excellence and exposure.

Universal transmission and reflectivity.

A Rigorous, Fast and Constructive Peer Review Process

Speedy Publication of Manuscripts

Eminent Editorial Board Members from renowned organizations.

Free Registration, Online Submission, Processing, Publication & Online Access of Manuscripts.

The journal publishes novel research articles with emphasis on theoretical and experimental work.


Geological

and Geotechnical Engineering

JournalsPub (Division of Dhruv Infosystems Private Ltd.) having its Marketing office located at Office No. 4, First Floor,

CSC pocket E Market, Mayur Vihar Phase II, New Delhi-110091, India is the Publisher of Journals. Statements and

opinions expressed in the Journal reflect the views of the Author(s) and are not the opinion of JournalsPub unless so stated.

Subscription Information and Order

Cost of Journal

National Subscription

Rs. 3000/- per Journal (includes 2 print issues), Single Issue copy purchase Rs.1800/copy

International Subscription

Online Only- $99, Print Only-$149 (includes 2 print issues)

Online + Print-$199 (includes 2 print issues + online access of published back volumes )

To purchase print compilation of back issues please send your query at [email protected]

Subscription must be prepaid. Rates outside the India include speed delivery charges. Prices subject to change without

notice.

Mode of Payment: At par cheque, Demand draft, and RTGS (payment to be made in favor of Dhruv Infosystems Pvt. ltd.,

payable at Delhi/New Delhi.

Online Access Policy

A). For Authors:

In order to provide maximum citation and wide publicity to the authors work, JournalsPub also have Open Access Policy;

Authors who would like to get their work open access can opt for Optional Open Access publication at nominal cost as

follows:

India, SARC and African Countries: INR 1500 including single hard copy of Author's Journal.

Other Countries: USD 200 including single hard copy of Author's Journal.

B.) For Subscribers:

Online access will be activated within 72 hours of receipt of the payment (working days), subject to receipt of correct

information on user details/Static IP address of the subscriber.

The access will be blocked:

If the user requests for the same and furnishes valid reasons for blocking due to technical issue. Misuse of the access rights

as per the access policy.

Advertising and Commercial Reprint Inquiries: JournalsPub with wide circulation and visibility offer an excellent media

for showcasing/promotion of your products/services and the events-namely, Conferences, Symposia/Seminars etc. These

journals have very high potential to deliver the message across the targeted audience regularly with each published issue.

The advertisements on bulk subscriptions, gift subscriptions or reprint purchases for distribution etc. are also very

welcome.

Lost Issue Claims: Please note the following when applying for lost or missing issues:

Claims for print copies lost will be honored only after 45 days of the dispatch date and before publication of the next issue

as per the frequency.

Tracking id for the speed post will be provided to all our subscribers and the claims for the missing Journals will be

entertained only with the proofs which will be verified at both the ends.

Claims filed due to insufficient (or no notice) of change of address will not be honored.

Change of Address of Dispatch should be intimated to JournalsPub at least 2 months prior to the dispatch schedule as per

the frequency by mentioning subscriber ID and the subscription ID.

Refund requests will not be entertained.

Legal Disputes

All the legal disputes are subjected to Delhi Jurisdiction only.

If you have any questions, please contact the Publication Management Team:

[email protected]; Tel: +91 0120-4347644.

International Journal of Geological and

Geotechnical Engineering

International Journal of Geological and Geotechnical Engineering is concerned with the engineering

behavior of earth materials and mining. The journal also focuses on the dynamic behavior of the soil and

rocks, earthquake mechanics and other important fields of civil engineering that deals with geological and

geotechnical engineering.

Focus and Scope of the Journal Soil and rock engineering

Offshore geotechnical engineering

Applied geology and geosynthetics

Geo-environmental engineering

Earthquake engineering

Dynamic behavior of soils and rocks

Geohazards and mitigation

Mining engineering

Soil mechanics and soil dynamics

Computational geomechanics

Lateral earth pressures and slope stability

International Journal of Geological and Geotechnical Engineering is published twice a year (bi-annual) by

JournalsPub an imprint of Dhruv Infosystems Pvt. Ltd., India. The outlooks stated in the articles do not

essentially reflect of the publisher. The publisher does not endorse the quality or value of the

advertised/sponsored products described therein. Please consult full prescribing information before issuing

a prescription for any products mentioned in this publication.

No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in retrieval or transmitted in any form without written

permission to the publisher.

To cite any of the material contained in this journal, in English or translation, please use the full English

reference at the beginning of each article. To reuse any of the material, please contact JournalsPub

([email protected]).

PUBLICATION MANAGEMENT TEAM

INTERNAL MEMBERS

Associate Manager

ChairmanMr. Puneet Mehrotra

Managing Director,JournalsPub,

New Delhi

Hidam Renubala

Ankita Singh

Deepika Bhadauria

Rekha Rani

Commissioning Editors

Dr. Chhavi Goel

Manisha Dhoble

EDITORIAL BOARD MEMBERS

Prof. AFM Saiful AminDepartment of Civil Engineering, Bangladesh

University of Engineering and Technology, Dhaka, Bangladesh

Dr. Tarun Kumar LohaniDepartment of Civil Engineering

Orissa Engineering CollegeBhubaneswar, India

Dr. Manoj KhandelwalDepartment of Mining Engineering, College of Technology and Engineering, Maharana Pratap

University of Agriculture & Technology, Udaipur (Rajasthan),

India

Dr. V. R. Sastry, Professor of Mining Engineering, HOD Training & Placement, Director Central Mine Planning & Design Institute Ltd., Director- KIOCL Limited

National Institute of Technology Karnataka Surathkal, Mangalore, India

Dr. Saad Issa SarsamDepartment of Civil Engineering

University of Baghdad, Iraq

Dr. Ramani Bai VardharajanSchool of Civil Engineering,

Linton University College, Malaysia

Dr. Pradeep Kumar AgarwalDepartment of Civil Engineering, Maulana Azad National Institute of Technology, Bhopal (MP),

India

Kausar AliDepartment of Civil Engineering

Z.H. College of Engineering & TechnologyA.M.U., Aligarh (U.P), India

Dr. Dalchand JhariyaDepartment of Applied Geology

National Institute of Technology, Raipur (Chhattisgarh), India

Dr. Intha Srinivasa Reddy Professor Department of Civil Engineering,

Kallam, Haranadhareddy Institute of Technology, Guntur, Andhra Pradesh, India

Dr. Akshey Bhargava Professor, Global Institute of Engineering and

Technology, A.P, India

Amarsinh Babanrao Landage Assistant Professor, Civil Engineering

Department, Govt. College of Engineering, Karad, Tal. Karad, Dist. Satara, Mahrashtra,

India

Sonal JainDepartment of Bioscience and Biotechnology,

Banasthali University, India

Prerna SharmaAssistant Professor, School of Engineering, G

D Goenka University, India

From the Editor's Desk

Dear Readers,

We would like to present, with great pleasure, the inaugural volume of a new scholarly

journal, International Journal of Geological and Geotechnical Engineering. This journal

is part of the Engineering Sciences, and is devoted to the scope of present Geological and

Geotechnical Engineering from theoretical aspects to application-dependent studies and

the validation of emerging technologies.

This new journal was planned and established to represent the growing needs of Geological and

Geotechnical Engineering as an emerging and increasingly vital field, now widely recognized as an integral

part of scientific and technical investigations. Its mission is to become a voice of the Engineering Science

community, addressing researchers and practitioners in this area.

The core vision of International Journal of Geological and Geotechnical Engineering in Journals Pub is to

propagate novel awareness and know-how for the profit of mankind ranging from the academic and

professional research societies to industry practitioners in a range of topics in Geotechnical Engineering in

general. Journals Pub acts as a pathfinder for the scientific community to published their papers at

excellently, well-time & successfully.

International Journal of Geological and Geotechnical Engineering focuses on original high-quality

research in the realm of Soil and rock engineering, offshore geotechnical engineering, Applied geology and

geosynthetics, Geo-environmental engineering, Earthquake engineering etc.

The Journal is intended as a forum for practitioners and researchers to share the techniques of Geological

and Geotechnical Engineering and solutions in the area.

Many scientists and researchers have contributed to the creation and the success of the Geological and

Geotechnical Engineering community. We are very thankful to everybody within that community who

supported the idea of creating an innovative platform. We are certain that this issue will be followed by many

others, reporting new developments in the field of Geological and Geotechnical Engineering.

This issue would not have been possible without the great support of the Editorial Board members, and we

would like to express our sincere thanks to all of them. We would also like to express our gratitude to the

editorial staff of Journals Pub, who supported us at every stage of the project.

It is our hope that this fine collection of articles will be a valuable resource for engineering readers and will

stimulate further research into the vibrant area of Geological and Geotechnical Engineering.

Puneet Mehrotra

Managing Director

1. Study of Seismic Forces by Changing the Location of Lift Core Shashwati S. Vahadane, Ashok W. Yerekar 1

2. Climate Change – Causal Factors and Impacts with Special Reference to India Akshey Bhargava, Rajni Dargan 10

3. Research Insight on Everest Contaminated by Toxic MetalsAnkita Singh 21

4. Different Types of Pollutants and Their Impact (Soil, Air and Water)Sonal Jain 24

5. Editorial Note: Source of Pollutants – A Study of SoilGarima Agarwal 31

Contents

IJGGE (2016) 1-9 © JournalsPub 2016. All Rights Reserved Page 1

International Journal of Geological and Geotechnical Engineering Vol. 2: Issue 2

www.journalspub.com

Study of Seismic Forces by Changing the Location of Lift Core

Shashwati S. Vahadane, Ashok W. Yerekar Department of Civil Engineering, People’s Education Society, college of Engineering, Aurangabad, India

ABSTRACT

An important element for strengthening of structure is lift core in earthquake prone area (Mw=6.5 or more). Major content in this paper is use of lift cores to resist the seismic forces and its effect by changing the lift core location. The study for G+5 and G+10 type frame buildings are taken under study. These buildings are further subdivided as per strata type. Centre core and Corner core are locations that considered for study. Zone V is assumed for all buildings which will cause maximum base shear to the structure. Comparative static and dynamic analysis will be considered in study which will show graphical representation of G+5 and G+10 building along with soil type. Economy is observed as well. Keywords: base shear, DBE, lift core location, story drift, modal analysis INTRODUCTION Earthquake is natural phenomena of movement of underground tectonic plates which releases tremendous amount of energy that leads earth surface to vibrate. According to the theory of Plate Tectonics, the entire surface of the earth can be considered to be constantly on the move. These plates brush against each other or collide at their boundaries giving rise to earthquakes. Earthquakes became frequent after the construction of Koyna Dam and this is regarded as a classic case of man-made seismicity. It was observed before that earthquake may not occur on hard rock but after Latur earthquake it was clear that even in most stable areas around the world this natural calamity can occur, which brings us to the conclusion that engineer has to design all structure as per earthquake standards. Hence Core shear wall is considered as earthquake resistant element.[1] Lift core plays vital role as a strengthening element in structure and it is observed that architectural planning for many buildings avoiding this concept of study. Ideal

location for lift core will be important for safety and economy purpose in structure as the study gives analysis of earthquake forces by changing the location of lift core with various cases included. In this report there will be static and dynamic analysis to be taken in to consideration. There are many methodologies to spot the location for lift core and it has to be done on the basis of static and dynamic analysis which gives comparison of base shear and time period of structure. DESIGN Design Criteria The study will focus all in behaviour of frames as per soil strata hence according to the lift locations there will be selected frames of structures considered. Details of frame behaviour are studied with the help of the section considered from the structure.

IJGGE (2016) 10-20 © JournalsPub 2016. All Rights Reserved


www.journalspub.com

Climate Change – Causal Factors and Impacts with Special Reference to India

Akshey Bhargava1, Rajni Dargan2

1Department of Civil Engineering, Global Institute of Engineering and Technology, Hyderabad, India 2Department of Environmental Science, Savitribai Phule Pune University, Pune, India

ABSTRACT

The change of climate during the last few decades have witnessed frequent floods, droughts, loss of agriculture yield, effect on water resource, food security, rise in sea levels, impact on coastal areas, biodiversity and ecological changes and occurrence of cyclones resulting into significant damage to life and health, property, land, agriculture, and economy. Climate change in earlier times were predominantly on account of natural factors due to changes in Earth’s orbit, changes in solar activity, or volcanic eruptions but with the rapid advancement of urbanization and industrialization along with other development activities, billions of tons of heat-trapping greenhouse gases are being pumped into the atmosphere resulting into climate change. The authors of the present paper tend to explain the causal factors coupled with impacts of climate in the present paper. INTRODUCTION Climate change is the variation in the Earth’s global or regional climate over time and space. It demonstrates changes in the state of the atmosphere over time scales ranging from decades to millions of years. Climate change may be defined in many ways, while some define it as an offshoot of Earth’s natural processes, others define it as a result of human activities. However, climate change may be defined as “a change which is attributed directly or indirectly to human activity that alters the composition of the global atmosphere and which is in addition to natural climate variability observed over comparable time periods”. There is a broad scientific agreement that most of the warming in the recent decades can be attributed to human activities.[1–5] It would be interesting to note that the Indian per capita CO2 emissions would grow only modestly from one tonne per

capita in 2004–2005 to 2.77 tonnes per capita in 2030–2031. CAUSAL FACTORS FOR CLIMATE CHANGE There are a few contributing factors leading to climate change which include greenhouse gases such as CO2, methane and NOx. Moreover, cutting down of rain forests and logging of forests decreases the number of plant life to absorb said CO2. The logging however is not a major contributing factor considering the amount of transfer of CO2 from atmosphere to water. There is an exchange between oceans and atmosphere when it comes to gases and also there are a lot of phytoplankton and bacteria that use the CO2 in the oceans. The Earth intercepts the Sun's radiation, which is the energy that drives our weather and climate. About one third of this solar radiation is reflected back into space. The rest is absorbed by different parts of the climate system: the

IJGGE (2016) 21–23 © JournalsPub 2016. All Rights Reserved Page 21


www.journalspub.com

Research Insight on Everest Contaminated by Toxic Metals

Ankita Singh*

Department of Biotechnology, Amity University, India

ABSTRACT

The goal of this investigation of the Everest was to look at follow component fixations and altitudinal patterns in soil and snow. Mount Everest was chosen since its remote area and amazing height disengages it from limited contamination sources. Soil tests were gathered from Mount Everest by different specialists and the examples were broke down for Pb, Zn, Cd, Ni, Cr, Co, Cu, As, Mn, Hg, and V utilizing inductively coupled plasma spectroscopy. Comes about demonstrate that As and Cd are both above USEPA drinking water rules in all snow tests, and arsenic is over the USEPA soil screening rules in all dirt specimens. There was a reasonable pattern in component variety in the dirt examples, with the most elevated focuses found. There was no unmistakable pattern distinguished in the snow tests, perhaps because of vertical blending of surface snow. Anthropogenic sources are suspected to have added to the lifted groupings of both cadmium and arsenic. So this insight is about the dirt contamination on Mount Everest. Keywords: Mount Everest, soil contamination RESEARCH INSIGHT Different specialists found that Everest contain potentially unsafe levels of the follow metals arsenic and cadmium. In 2006, the study's lead analyst Bill Yeo moved along Everest's Rongbuk Glacier and up the Northeast Ridge (one of the principle courses to the summit), gathering soil and snow tests and testing their follow component focus. The outcomes were educational. The majority of the examples had arsenic levels that surpassed the most extreme contaminant level (MCL) set by the U.S. Ecological Protection Agency – with a few examples containing five times the breaking point. Cadmium levels were in like manner above EPA rules in the majority of the snow tests yet fell

underneath discernible breaking points in the dirt.[1,2]

Source: Wikipedia.

Other follow components, for example, mercury and lead, were at adequate levels. The specialists suspect that mechanical air contamination – especially from the ignition of fossil fills and the creation of nonferrous metals – in India and focal Asia are to a great extent to fault, since the



www.journalspub.com

Different Types of Pollutants and Their Impact (Soil, Air and Water)

Sonal Jain*

Department of Biotechnology, Banasthali University, Rajasthan, India

ABSTRACT

Pollution is an environmental problem that can lead to – among other things – global warming, acid rain, and the ozone hole formation. The status of air pollution is changing and there are many different air pollutants contributing to it. Once pollutants are released into the air, they interact with each other in a complex manner depending on temperature, humidity and other environmental factors. Keywords: bioaerosol, pollution INTRODUCTION Depending on their form they are emitted and altered in the environment, in its reactive state pollutants can be of following types:

Primary pollutants – Primary air (a)pollutants are those emitted directly from the identifiable sources. Majorly they are from the anthropogenic sources. Either they can directly and serve as precursors of secondary air pollutants (chemicals formed through reactions in the atmosphere).

Examples are: finer particles(less than 100µ in diameter), coarse particles (greater than 100µ in diameter), sulfur compound, oxides of nitrogen, carbon monoxides, organic compounds.

(b) Secondary pollutants – These are formed from the interaction of primary pollutant within the atmosphere. These pollutants are product of ambient chemical and photochemical reactions and various step involved in the formation of secondary pollutants and

are influenced by many factors such as precursors, the humidity in the atmosphere, degree of photo-activation, meteorological forces and local topography.

These primary and secondary air pollutants are studied widely across the globe. These pollutants are dependent directly or indirectly on the natural and anthropogenic activities as given in Table 1. Their emissions are also dependent on the different sources at different land use pattern. Among all primary and secondary pollutants the particulate matter (PM) load is found to be increasing due to more nature imbalance and anthropogenic activities. These increasing PM load draws global attention to study further their emission, dispersal, suspension mechanism and most important their adverse impact on human health.[1–3]



www.journalspub.com

Editorial Note: Source of Pollutants – A Study of Soil

Garima Agarwal Department of Biotechnology, Jaypee Institute of Information Technology, India

Soil is very important asset for future and ecosystem but day by day it’s going to be depleted and its direct impact is on various factors. Like recently various researchers found that the soil near to Himalayan regions, where they found that it can be contaminated very badly by arsenic and cadmium. Different studies on neighboring mountains have uncovered comparative discoveries showing the potential for

various water sources to end up tainted. Other exploration has been performed at similar locales in Europe, Japan, Alaska, and New Zealand. Ponders in Antarctica discovered focuses three to four times lower than in Yeo's investigation, representing that the measure of arsenic and cadmium on Everest originated from human commitments.

Source: Wikipedia.

Another study from University of Southern Maine plans to comprehend the part of soil as a wellspring of pollutants. Nearly one-fifth of the world's surface is involved mountains that assume a part in the capacity and circulation of crisp water, with one-tenth of the total populace depending on that mountain snowpack as their sole wellspring of new water. So

understanding the measure of contaminations in soil and snow is basic to keeping up the nature of elevated water sources. Scientists gathered soil tests from Mount Everest’s Rongbuk ice sheet and snow tests were taken from the upper east edge of the mountain. The examples were then examined for follow component focuses, including cadmium, nickel, zinc,

Mechanical Engineering

Electronics and Telecommunication Chemical Engineering

Architecture

Office No-4, 1 Floor, CSC, Pocket-E,Mayur Vihar, Phase-2, New Delhi-110091, India

E-mail: [email protected]

¬ International Journal of Thermal Energy andApplications

¬ International Journal of Production Engineering¬ International Journal of Industrial Engineering

and Design¬ International Journal of Manufacturing and

Materials Processing¬ International Journal of Mechanical Handling and

Automation

« International Journal of Radio Frequency Design« International Journal of VLSI Design and Technology« International Journal of Embedded Systems and Emerging

Technologies« International Journal of Digital Electronics« International Journal of Digital Communication and Analog

Signals

« International Journal of Housing and Human SettlementPlanning

« International Journal of Architecture and Infrastructure Planning

« International Journal of Rural and Regional Planning Development

« International Journal of Town Planning and Management

Applied Mechanics

5 more...

1 more...

2 more...2 more...

5 more...

Computer Science and Engineering « International Journal of Wireless Network Security« International Journal of Algorithms Design and Analysis« International Journal of Mobile Computing Devices« International Journal of Software Computing and Testing« International Journal of Data Structures and Algorithms

Nanotechnology« International Journal of Applied Nanotechnology« International Journal of Nanomaterials and Nanostructures« International Journals of Nanobiotechnology

« International Journal of Solid State Materials« International Journal of Optical Sciences

Physics

« International Journal of Renewable Energy and itsCommercialization

« International Journal of Environmental Chemistry« International Journal of Agrochemistry« International Journal of Prevention and Control of Industrial

Pollution

Civil Engineering« International Journal of Water Resources Engineering« International Journal of Concrete Technology« International Journal of Structural Engineering and Analysis« International Journal of Construction Engineering and

Planning

Electrical Engineering« International Journal of Analog Integrated Circuits« International Journal of Automatic Control System« International Journal of Electrical Machines & Drives« International Journal of Electrical Communication

Engineering« International Journal of Integrated Electronics Systems and

Circuits

Material Sciences and Engineering « International Journal of Energetic Materials« International Journal of Bionics and Bio-Materials« International Journal of Ceramics and Ceramic Technology« International Journal of Bio-Materials and Biomedical

Engineering

Chemistry « International Journal of Photochemistry« International Journal of Analytical and Applied Chemistry« International Journal of Green Chemistry« International Journal of Chemical and Molecular

Engineering

« International Journal of Electro Mechanics andMechanical Behaviour

« International Journal of Machine Design andManufacturing

« International Journal of Mechanical Dynamicsand Analysis

« International Journal of Fracture and damageMechanics

« International Journal of Structural Mechanicsand Finite Elements

5 more...4 more...

3 more...

Biotechnology « International Journal of Industrial Biotechnology and

Biomaterials« International Journal of Plant Biotechnology« International Journal of Molecular Biotechnology« International Journal of Biochemistry and Biomolecules« International Journal of Animal Biotechnology and

Applications3 more...

Nursing « International Journal of Immunological Nursing« International Journal of Cardiovascular Nursing« International Journal of Neurological Nursing« International Journal of Orthopedic Nursing« International Journal of Oncological Nursing

5 more... 4 more...

Subm

it

Your

Article 2

017

www.journalspub.com

Jul–Dec 2016 IJGGE


Geological and Geotechnical

Engineering