international journal of machine tools & manufacture
DESCRIPTION
Investigation of the effect of rake angle and approaching angle on main cutting force and tool tip temperature. International Journal of Machine Tools & Manufacture. Authors: Haci Saglam Faruk Unsacar Suleyman Yaldiz. Date of Publication: May 5, 2005. Presenter: Matt Maxfield - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
![Page 1: International Journal of Machine Tools & Manufacture](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062323/568164ad550346895dd6b1ff/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
AU T HO R S : HA CI S A GLA MFA R U K U N SA CA RSU L EY MA N YA LD IZ
International Journal of Machine Tools & Manufacture
Investigation of the effect of rake angle and approaching angle on main cutting
force and tool tip temperature
DATE OF PUBLICATION: MAY 5 , 2005
PRESENTER: MAT T MAXFIELDDATE: OCTOBER 7 , 2009
![Page 2: International Journal of Machine Tools & Manufacture](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062323/568164ad550346895dd6b1ff/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Function of this Paper
Compare measured and calculated results of cutting force components and temperature variation on the tool tip of various tool geometries used in machining AISI 1040 Steel
![Page 3: International Journal of Machine Tools & Manufacture](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062323/568164ad550346895dd6b1ff/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
The Importance of Cutting Force & Temperature
Due to more demanding manufacturing processes and systems, the requirements for reliable technological information have increased
Cutting forces are mainly affected by cutting speed, feedrate, undeformed chip thickness, cutting tool material, tool geometry, depth of cut and tool wear
There are many empirical equations for cutting force but experimental measurements are more reliable
Predicting temperature distribution is important in determining the maximum cutting speed
![Page 4: International Journal of Machine Tools & Manufacture](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062323/568164ad550346895dd6b1ff/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
References
![Page 5: International Journal of Machine Tools & Manufacture](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062323/568164ad550346895dd6b1ff/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
How does this relate to us?
Learning about machining processesLearning about the effects of tool geometry
Rake face - tool’s leading edge Rake angle - slant angle of tool’s leading edge (α) Flank - following edge of cutting tool Relief angle – angle of tool’s following edge above part
surface
![Page 6: International Journal of Machine Tools & Manufacture](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062323/568164ad550346895dd6b1ff/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
Design and Parameters
Tested practically under workshop conditionsEach test conducted with sharp uncoated carbide tool
insertConstants
Depth of cut Cutting speed
Variables Approach angle Rake angle
Work piece material selected to represent the major group used in industry (AISI 1040 Steel)
Full factorial design
![Page 7: International Journal of Machine Tools & Manufacture](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062323/568164ad550346895dd6b1ff/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
Method of Testing
Experiments were carried out on a CNC turning machine
Main cutting force (Fc), feed force (Ff), and thrust force (Ft) were measured using a three component turning dynamometer
A radiation sensor was used for temperature measurement on the tool tip
![Page 8: International Journal of Machine Tools & Manufacture](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062323/568164ad550346895dd6b1ff/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
Method of Testing
Test conducted under dry conditionsFull factorial design of experiment
Experimental results compared with calculated results
![Page 9: International Journal of Machine Tools & Manufacture](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062323/568164ad550346895dd6b1ff/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
Calculating Forces and Temperatures
Main cutting force (Fc)
Ac = chip cross-sectional area
Ks = specific cutting force
Average temperature rise
Pu = friction power spent on the tool face Pu = FuVc
Fu = friction force Fu = Fc sin αr +Ff cosαr
Mc = metal removal rate
Cs = specific coefficient of heat of workpiece
![Page 10: International Journal of Machine Tools & Manufacture](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062323/568164ad550346895dd6b1ff/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Experimental Results
The effect of approaching angle on main cutting force and tool tip temperature
![Page 11: International Journal of Machine Tools & Manufacture](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062323/568164ad550346895dd6b1ff/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
Experimental Results
The effect of rake angle on main cutting force and tool tip temperature
![Page 12: International Journal of Machine Tools & Manufacture](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062323/568164ad550346895dd6b1ff/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
Experimental Results
The effect of feedrate on main cutting force and tool tip temperature
![Page 13: International Journal of Machine Tools & Manufacture](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062323/568164ad550346895dd6b1ff/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
Correlations of Experimental vs. Calculated
Deviation of calculated cutting force components form measured values
Average deviation of main cutting force calculations for 64 experiments was 0.37%
![Page 14: International Journal of Machine Tools & Manufacture](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062323/568164ad550346895dd6b1ff/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
Design Challenges The average deviation of
the temperature for 64 experiments was 42%
Due to the flowing chips some of the heat was conducted to the workpiece and an acurate tool tip measurement was not able to be made
For a reliable measurement a thermocouple should be embedded into the cutting insert
![Page 15: International Journal of Machine Tools & Manufacture](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062323/568164ad550346895dd6b1ff/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
Conclusions Increasing the rake angle
over its optimum value has a negative effect on tool’s performance and accelerates tool wear which leads to an increase in cutting force
It is difficult to create a fully comprehensive model of all cutting parameters for cutting force
Feedrate = cutting force
Rake angle = cutting force
Optimum rake angle = 12°
Optimum machining at γ=0° and χ=75°
![Page 16: International Journal of Machine Tools & Manufacture](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062323/568164ad550346895dd6b1ff/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
Conclusions
How does this paper help in industry? Practical in gaining a better understanding of the
effects of rake angle and approach angle on cutting force but did have some design flaws in analyzing temperature
Is there any technical advancement? It adds to the current knowledge about cutting force
variables by testing parameters not studied as frequently
What industries are most affected by this research? Machinist who work with steel Most industries