Small Scale to large MarketStrategies & Technologies towards the Mediterranean Area

International Maritime Organisation:

upcoming decisions

ppoevMr. Loukas Kontogiannis

Technical Officer

Sub-Division for Marine

Technology & Cargoes

Maritime Safety Division

Presentation topics

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General process of developing measures at IMO

International Code of Safety for Ships using Gases or

other Low-flashpoint Fuels (IGF Code)

- Adoption and entry into force

- Structure and scope of application

- LNG research studies presented to the CCC Sub-Committee

- Ongoing work

Natural gas and its relation to the IMO work on air

pollution and energy efficiency

International Maritime Organization

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Specialized UN agency

Headquarters in UK since 1958

Annual budget £30+ million

Secretariat – 265 staff,

more than 50 nationalities

IMO – global coverage

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172 Member States, three associate members

65 IGOs and 77 NGOs participate as observers

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IMO at work

Marine

Environment

Protection

Committee

Maritime Safety

Committee

General Assembly172 Member States

SHIP DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION (SDC)

SHIP SYSTEMS AND EQUIPMENT (SSE)

NAVIGATION, COMMUNICATIONS AND

SEARCH AND RESCUE (NCSR)

CARRIAGE OF CARGOES AND

CONTAINERS (CCC)

POLLUTION PREVENTION

AND RESPONSE (PPR)

IMPLEMENTATION OF IMO INSTRUMENTS (III)

HUMAN ELEMENT, TRAINING AND WATCHKEEPING (HTW)

COUNCIL40 Member States

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Sub

-Co

mm

itte

es

5

Com

mitte

es

Legal Committee

Facilitation

Committee

Technical

Co-operation

Committee

Development of measures at IMO

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Casualty/

New research

or technology

Proposal

to IMO

Discuss,

agree to

refer on

Draft text

Proposals for new, or amendments to existing,

mandatory instruments - a compelling need for such

amendments should be demonstrated by the

proponent(s) and an analysis of the implications of such

amendments, particularly those with far-reaching

implications and consequential proposals for other

amendments, having regard to the costs to the maritime

industry, the legislative and administrative burdens

involved and benefits which would accrue therefrom,

should be provided……

Adoption

or

approval

SOLAS – flashpoint of fuel

SOLAS regulation II-2/4.2.1 limits the flashpoint of

fuels to 60oC or higher

Low-flashpoint* fuel means gaseous or liquid fuel

having a flashpoint lower than otherwise permitted

under SOLAS regulation II-2/4.2.1.1 (i.e. < 60oC)

MSC 95 (May 2015) adopted the International Code of

Safety for Ships using Gases or other Low-flashpoint

Fuels (IGF Code) and amendments to SOLAS to make

the Code mandatory (resolution MSC.391(95))

(entry into force: 1 January 2017)

* Flashpoint means the minimum temperature at which a liquid gives off a vapour in sufficient concentration

to form an ignitable mixture with air

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Development of the IGF Code

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Original “compelling need” put forward to MSC 78

“The use of gas as fuel is increasingly becoming a competitor to

traditional bunker fuel in a variety of ship types. The lack of

international requirements regarding the use of gas as fuel in ships

may result in the development of different national or other standards

which may be inadequate or erroneous in certain respects and which

may consequently result in unnecessarily high risks associated with

the use of gas as fuel in ships.”

Development of the IGF Code

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Original “compelling need” put forward to MSC 78

“Risk assessments carried out in connection with building of the two

offshore supply vessels referred to above, established the enormous

damage potential an explosion in a gas fuelled ship may have both to

the ship and its crew, as well as to the ship's surroundings. Having in

mind such serious potential consequences, Norway is of the opinion

that there is a compelling need for IMO to develop international

regulations in this field.”

Development of the IGF Code

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Work was mainly carried out in intersessional

correspondence groups and in working groups at

IMO

Technology was being developed in parallel to the

development of the regulations

Development of the IGF Code

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Interim guidelines on safety for natural gas-fuelled

engine installations in ships (resolution MSC.285(86))

Non-mandatory guidelines, limited to natural gas

Development of the IGF Code

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Amended scope developed by BLG 14 in 2010

“In relation to the ongoing general discussion related to fuel quality,

air emissions and limited availability of low-sulphur fuels, the

possibility of alternative cleaner burning fuels, such as methanol and

ethanol, should be addressed by the Code. Such fuels will help to

reduce emissions of sulphur and CO2 and, in some cases, NOx and

particulates from shipping. Bearing in mind the similarities between

these flammable liquids and gases, they should be considered during

the development of the IGF Code. Since low flash-point fuels are

currently not addressed in any IMO instrument and as it is anticipated

that these liquid fuels will be used in the future, IMO should also be at

the forefront of this development.”

Development of the IGF Code

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The IGF Code contains detailed requirements for

natural gas

Other low-flashpoint fuels are allowed but, given

that no detailed requirements have been adopted

yet for fuels other than natural gas, approval is

based on the alternative design approach

The current focus of the work at IMO is to develop

detailed technical provisions for methanol and the

use of fuel-cells

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Purpose of the IGF Code

The purpose of the IGF Code is to provide an

international standard for ships using low-flashpoint

fuel, other than ships covered by the IGC Code

The basic philosophy of the Code is to provide

mandatory provisions for the arrangement,

installation, control and monitoring of machinery,

equipment and systems using low-flashpoint fuel to

minimize the risk to the ship, its crew and the

environment, having regard to the nature of the fuels

involved

NOTE: Gas carriers need not apply the IGF Code (i.e. they only need to comply

with the IGC Code) even in cases when they use low-flashpoint fuels that are

different to their cargo (e.g. LPG carrier using LNG as fuel).

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Structure of the IGF Code

Chapter 1 Preamble

PART A (applies to all types of low-flashpoint fuels)

Chapter 2 General

Chapter 3 Goal and functional requirements

Chapter 4 General requirements

PART A-1 – SPECIFIC REQUIREMENTS FOR SHIPS USING

NATURAL GAS AS FUEL

Chapter 5 Ship design and arrangement

Chapter 6 Fuel containment system

Chapter 7 Material and general pipe design

Chapter 8 Bunkering

Chapter 9 Fuel supply to consumers

Chapter 10 Power generation including propulsion and other gas

consumers

Structure of the IGF Code

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Chapter 11 Fire safety

Chapter 12 Explosion prevention

Chapter 13 Ventilation

Chapter 14 Electrical installations

Chapter 15 Control, monitoring and safety systems

PART B-1

Chapter 16 Manufacture, workmanship and testing

PART C-1

Chapter 17 Drills and emergency exercises

Chapter 18 Operation

PART D

Chapter 19 Training

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Research projects relating to LNG as fuel (as presented to the CCC 2 and 3

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CCC 2/INF.16 (Republic of Korea) - information on the results of

a research project involving a gas explosion analysis on the

bunkering station of an LNG-fuelled ship

CCC 3/INF.13 (Republic of Korea) - research project the purpose

of which was to identify potential risks of LNG bunkering and to

present a statistical method for determining the safe exclusion

zone around LNG bunkering stations with the help of a purpose-

built computer programThe basic philosophy of the Code is to

provide mandatory provisions for the arrangement, installation,

control and monitoring of machinery, equipment and systems

using low-flashpoint fuel to minimize the risk to the ship, its

crew and the environment, having regard to the nature of the

fuels involved

Research projects relating to LNG as fuel (as presented to the CCC 2 and 3)

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CCC 3/INF.14 (Republic of Korea) - results of an LNG leakage rate

analysis, conducted as part of a research project, to be used as a

reference for the risk assessment required in the context of

paragraph 8.3.1.1 in part A-1 of the IGF Code

CCC 3/INF.15 (Republic of Korea) - research project which was

conducted with the aim of investigating the extent of the potential

risks of a high pressure LNG fuel gas supply system through a

case study

CCC 3/INF.16 (Republic of Korea) - research project in which a

quantitative risk assessment of LNG bunkering port side was

completed by means of parametric analysis

CCC 4 (11 to 15 September 2017)

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The Correspondence Group on Development of Technical

Provisions for the Safety of Ships using Low-flashpoint

Fuels will report to the Sub-Committee based on the

following terms of reference:

finalize the draft amendments to the IGF Code

regarding fuel cells; and

further develop the draft technical provisions for the

safety of ships using methyl/ethyl alcohol as fuel

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Natural gas as marine fuel and its relation to environmental regulations

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MARPOL Annex VI regulation 2 (definitions)

Regulation 2.9

Fuel oil means any fuel delivered to and intended for combustion

purposes for propulsion or operation on board a ship, including gas,

distillate and residual fuels.

Regulation 2.14

Marine diesel engine means any reciprocating internal combustion

engine operating on liquid or dual fuel, to which regulation 13 of this

Annex applies, including booster/compound systems if applied. In

addition, a gas fuelled engine installed on a ship constructed on or

after 1 March 2016 or a gas fuelled additional or non-identical

replacement engine installed on or after that date is also considered

as a marine diesel engine.

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Natural gas as marine fuel and its relation to environmental regulations

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MARPOL Annex VI regulation 14

Regulation 14.1

1 The sulphur content of any fuel oil used on board ships shall

not exceed the following limits:

.1 4.50% m/m prior to 1 January 2012;

.2 3.50% m/m on and after 1 January 2012; and

.3 0.50% m/m on and after 1 January 2020.

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Natural gas as marine fuel and its relation to environmental regulations

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Amendments to the NOx Technical Code 2008

Resolution MEPC.272(69)

Chapter 1 – General

In paragraph 1.3.10, the following new sentence is inserted

after the first sentence:

"In addition, a gas-fuelled engine installed on a ship

constructed on or after 1 March 2016 or a gas-fuelled

additional or non-identical replacement engine installed on or

after that date is also considered as a marine diesel engine."

Sulphur content of fuel oil

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Regulation 14.1

1 The sulphur content of any fuel oil used on board

ships shall not exceed the following limits:

.1 4.50% m/m prior to 1 January 2012;

.2 3.50% m/m on and after 1 January 2012; and

.3 0.50% m/m on and after 1 January 2020.

Regulation 14.8

8 A review of the standard set forth in paragraph 1.3

of this regulation shall be completed by 2018 to

determine the availability of fuel oil to comply with the

fuel oil standard set forth in that paragraph …

9 [group of experts to conduct review]

10 [Parties to decide on date based on review]

MARPOL Annex VI regulation 14

Sulphur content of fuel oil

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Timeline

ECAGlobal

1.7.2010

1.1.2015

4.50

3.50

1.50

1.00

0.100.50

1.1.2012

1.1.2020

Fuel oil

% sulphur Review completed

2016

Time

Sulphur content of fuel oil

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North Sea and Baltic Sea ECA

Emission Control Areas (ECAs)

North American ECA

United States

Caribbean Sea ECA

Sulphur content of fuel oil

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PPR 4 to consider implementation issues

MEPC 70 instructed PPR 4 to consider concerns expressed regarding

implementation (MEPC 70/5/2 and comments made in plenary) and to draft

justification and scope for new output on what additional measures may be

developed to promote consistent implementation of 0.50% global sulphur limit, for

consideration at MEPC 71.

Implementation date confirmed

MEPC 70 approved CE Delft assessment and confirmed implementation date of 1 Jan 2020 for global 0.5% m/m sulphur cap.

Final decision of MEPC 70

MEPC 70 adopted resolution MEPC.280(70) on Effective date of implementation of the fuel oil standard in regulation 14.1.3 of MARPOL Annex VI.

Resolution MEPC.280(70) adopted

Sulphur content of fuel oil

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Agreed new output on consistent implementation of regulation

14.1.3 of MARPOL Annex VI, for approval by MEPC 71

Scope of the work, to be completed at PPR 5 and PPR 6 in

2018 and 2019, could include:

- preparatory and transitional issues

- impact on fuel and machinery systems

- verification issues, control mechanisms and necessary actions to ensure

compliance and consistent implementation

- standardized system for reporting non-availability of compliant fuel oil

- assessing sulphur content of delivered fuel oil for verification

- ISO to consider framework of ISO 8217 standard for fuels supplied on a

world-wide basis for consumption on board ships

- consequential regulatory amendments and/or guidelines

Outcome of PPR 4

Fuel oil consumption data collection

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3-step approach

Data collection system adopted at MEPC 70

MARPOL Annex VI

New regulation 22A

Adopted at MEPC 70, expected to

enter into force 1 March 2018

Ships ≥ 5,000 GT required to submit

to their Administration annual reports

on fuel oil consumption and transport

work parameters

Administrations to submit aggregated

data to IMO for inclusion in

anonymised IMO Ship Fuel Oil

Consumption Database

first data “calendar year” beginning

1 January 2019

Step 1

Data collection

Step 2

Data analysis

Step 3

Decision-making on what further

measures, if any, are required

Fuel oil consumption data collection

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IMO number

Calendar year covered

Technical characteristics of ship

(type, GT, NT, DWT, power output (rated power))

EEDI (if applicable)

Ice class

Fuel oil consumption (by fuel oil type, in metric tonnes and

methods used for collecting fuel oil consumption data)

Distance travelled (over ground), hours underway

Appendix IX of MARPOL Annex VI – Information to be

submitted to IMO Ship Fuel Oil Consumption Database

Fuel oil consumption data collection

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Fuel oil consumption data collection

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Ship

Flag

Administration

IMO

Secretariat

Database

Data collection process

Submits data to flag State or RO in accordance with regulation 22A of MARPOL Annex VI

Aggregates data and submits to IMO Secretariat

Issues to the ship Statement of Compliance - Ship Fuel Oil Reporting

Aggregates all data submitted by flag States, ROs and non-party ships

Provides flag States with anonymized data from the IMO Ship Fuel Oil Consumption Database

Data will be anonymised to extent that individual ships cannot be identified

Access to anonymized data will be restricted to Parties to Annex VI only

Fuel oil consumption data collection

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finalize draft guidelines for Administration data verification

procedures, in accordance with regulation 22A.7 of

MARPOL Annex VI

further develop draft guidelines for the development and

management of the IMO Ship Fuel Oil Consumption

Database, including means to keep the ships anonymised

and to ensure the completeness of the database

develop draft MEPC circular to address non-Party ships

submitting data to the Database

report to MEPC 71 (July 2017)

Correspondence group established at MEPC 70

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www.imo.org

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