international perspectives of reference levels of nutrient intakes … · 2005-11-11 · 1 heeyoung...
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Hee Young Paik, Sc.D.
The Korean Nutrition Society
and
Seoul National University
International Perspectives of Reference Levels of Nutrient Intakes:
KOREA
2005. 11.
• First edition published in 1962.• Current – 7th revision(2000)• Established by
the Korean Nutrition Societysince 6th revision(1995)
• Revised every 5 years• Next revision due in 2005
RDA for Koreans - (1)
• 15 nutrients covered –Energy, protein, 9 vitamins(A, D, E, C, B1, B2, B6,Niacin, Folic acid), 4 minerals(Ca, P, Fe, Zn)
• Groups –Infants (0-4, 5-11 mos); Children (1-3, 4-6, 7-9 yrs); M/F (10-12, 13-15, 16-19, 20-29, 30-49, 50-64,
65-74, >75 yrs); Pregnancy (1-5, 6-10 mos); Lactation
RDA for Koreans – (2)Determining recommended levels for KRDA
Perc
enta
ge o
f in
div
iduals
(low) Level of requirement (high)
Energy
Perc
enta
ge o
f in
div
iduals
(low)
Average
requirement
Level of requirement (high)
Other Nutrients
Safe level
of intake
Evaluation of dietary dataNutrition education and guides for food selectionFood assistance programsMilitary food planning and policyInstitutional dietary assessment and planningAssessment of disease riskFood labels and nutritional marketingClinical dieteticsFood fortification and development of new product
Reported uses of dietary standards
• Increase in chronic diseases
• Increased consumption of “western foods”especially by young people
• Increase in away-from-home eating
• Large variation of diet among different age groups
• Increased intake of Supplements
Recent changes and concerns in Korea related to diet and health
Need for new dietary standards
2
• More accurate dietary assessment for identification of high risk groups both for over- and undernutrition
• Easier for group food service planning• Easier application for chronic disease prevention an
d management• Easier application for nutrition education and dietary
guidance for various groups• Guidance to avoid toxicity of excess intake
These changes require improvements in dietary standards to be wider in scope and applicability
• Introduction
Hee Young Paik (Seoul National University, Korea)
• Background and Overview of DRIs processAllison A. Yates (National Academy of Sciences)
John W. Erdman, Jr. (Univ. of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign)
• Using the DRIs to plan and assess individual intakesMary Poos (National Academy of Sciences)
• Using the DRIs to plan and assess group intakesSuzanne Murphy (CRCH, Univ. of Hawaii)
• How DRIs differ from WHO’s RNIsLindsay Allen (Univ. of California at Davis)
• DiscussionJohanna Dwyer; Janet C. King; Wha Young Kim; Jin Sook Yoon
Planning Committee
Ca, Vitamin D, Phosphorus, Mg
Folate & B Vitamins
Vitamins C, E, Se, Carotenoids
Vitamins A, Fe, Zn, etc
Electrolytes
Energy & Macronutrients
Applications Subcommittee
Age/Phys. Std.
DietaryAssessment
Meal Planning
Upper ReferenceLevels Subcommittee
Special Age Group(P/L/I)
Structure of the KDRIs Committee
Food Guide Tower
ReviewCommittee
CoordinationCommittee
Age/Phys. Std.
DietaryAssessment
Advisory Committee
~ 90 members
Process of KDRIs
Planning Committee (July, 2002)
Panels and subcommittees (April, 2004)
▪ Review of reports from other countries▪ Literature Review using Evidence_based Approach▪ Submitted 1st draft (March, 2005)
Review/Coordinating Committees (Jan. 2005)
▪ Review of the process and the 1st draft▪ Joint meetings
10 workshops – Internal and External
Open Hearing (July, 2005)
Release of the KDRIs and International Symposium (Nov. 2005)
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Dietary Reference Intakes for Koreans
• Estimated Average Requirements(EAR; 평균필요량)
• Recommended Intake(RI; 권장섭취량)
• Adequate Intake(AI; 충분섭취량)
• Tolerable Upper Intake Level(UL; 상한섭취량)
Age groups
Lactation
Pregnancy
M/F*
Children*
Infants
Not dividedNot divided
Not divided except for energy & energy-related vitamins
1-5, 6-10 mos.
6-8, 9-11, 12-14, 15-19,
20-29, 30-49, 50-64,
65-74, >75 yrs
10-12, 13-15, 16-19
20-29, 30-49, 50-64
65-74, >75 yrs
1-2, 3-5 yrs1-3, 4-6, 7-9 yrs
0-5, 6-11 mos.0-4, 5-11 mos.
KDRIs7th KRDA
• Some changes to match other national data andto reflect earlier pubertal maturation
Physical Standards
1. Data sources reviewed• 2001 National Health and Nutrition Survey
-> Representative sampling of ~12000 individuals• 2004 Agency for Technology and Standards –
Ministry of Commerce, Industry and Energy->Representative sampling of ~40,000 individuals
• Growth standards by the Korean Pediatric Society
2. Reference Height & Weight• Data from ATS Used• Height – median of each age group • Weight – up to 19 years : median
20~74 years : BMI 22 for median heightover 75 years – same as 65~74 yr group
Nutrients included in KDRIs
Fe, Zn, Cu, F, I, Mn, Se, Mo
Ca, P, Mg, Na, Cl, K
C, Thiamin, Riboflavin, Niacin, B6, Folate, B12, Pantothenic acid, Biotin
A, D, E, K
Energy*, Protein, Ess. amino acids, fiber, AMDR, Water
Nutrients Included
Trace Minerals
Major Minerals
Water-soluble Vitamins
Fat-sol. Vitamins
Energy & Macronutrients
Subcommittees
* Included in the 7th revision, KRDA
√Pantothenic acid
√√√Vitamin C
√√Vitamin B12
√√√Folate
√Biotin
√√√Vitamin B6
√√√Niacin
√√Riboflavin
√√Thiamin
√Vitamin K
√√Vitamin E
√√Vitamin D
√√√Vitamin A
√Water
√√Ess. Amino Acids
√√Protein
√Total Fiber
EEREnergy*
ULAIRIEARNutrient
√Mo
√√√I
√√F
√√Mn
√√√Se
√√√Cu
√√√Zn
√√√Fe
√Cl
√K
∗√Na
√√√Mg
√√√P
√√√Ca
ULAIRIEARNutrient
* AMDR for CHO, Fat, Protein* Intake Goal
Appendices
Food Guide
Reference Values for
Nutrition Labeling
Food Composition Tables
RDAs of Other Countries
Dietary Guidelines
KRDA, 7th Revision KDRIs
Revised
Deleted
CDRevisedDeleted
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Food Guide
Future Plans
• Dissemination of information- Nutritionists, dieticians, teachers, etc.
- Other health professionals
- Public
• Applications - Nutrition Labeling
- Food Service
- Dietary Assessment
(DBs needed for many nutrients)
• More Research
• Next revision ???
Media Coverage
Thank you !!!