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WL040-FM-Vol.II WL040/Bidgoli-Vol II October 3, 2003 17:41 Char Count= 0

THEINTERNETENCYCLOPEDIA

Volume 2G–O

Hossein BidgoliEditor-in-Chief

California State UniversityBakersfield, California

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Innodata0471689963.jpg



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THEINTERNETENCYCLOPEDIA

Volume 2G–O

Hossein BidgoliEditor-in-Chief

California State UniversityBakersfield, California

i



This book is printed on acid-free paper. ∞©

Copyright C© 2004 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved.

Published by John Wiley & Sons, Inc., Hoboken, New Jersey.Published simultaneously in Canada.

No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, ortransmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying,recording, scanning, or otherwise, except as permitted under Section 107 or 108 ofthe 1976 United States Copyright Act, without either the prior written permission ofthe Publisher, or authorization through payment of the appropriate per-copy fee tothe Copyright Clearance Center, Inc., 222 Rosewood Drive, Danvers, MA 01923, (978)750-8400, fax (978) 750-4470, or on the web at www.copyright.com. Requests to thePublisher for permission should be addressed to the Permissions Department, JohnWiley & Sons, Inc., 111 River Street, Hoboken, NJ 07030, (201) 748-6011, fax (201)748-6008, e-mail: [email protected].

Limit of Liability/Disclaimer of Warranty: While the publisher and author haveused their best efforts in preparing this book, they make no representations or war-ranties with respect to the accuracy or completeness of the contents of this bookand specifically disclaim any implied warranties of merchantability or fitness for aparticular purpose. No warranty may be created or extended by sales representatives orwritten sales materials. The advice and strategies contained herein may not be suitablefor your situation. The publisher is not engaged in rendering professional services, andyou should consult a professional where appropriate. Neither the publisher nor authorshall be liable for any loss of profit or any other commercial damages, including butnot limited to special, incidental, consequential, or other damages.

For general information on our other products and services please contact ourCustomer Care Department within the U.S. at (800) 762-2974, outside the United Statesat (317) 572-3993 or fax (317) 572-4002.

Wiley also publishes its books in a variety of electronic formats. Some contentthat appears in print may not be available in electronic books. For more information

Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data:

The Internet encyclopedia / edited by Hossein Bidgoli.p. cm.

Includes bibliographical references and index.ISBN 0-471-22202-X (CLOTH VOL 1 : alk. paper) – ISBN 0-471-22204-6

(CLOTH VOL 2 : alk. paper) – ISBN 0-471-22203-8 (CLOTH VOL 3 : alk.paper) – ISBN 0-471-22201-1 (CLOTH SET : alk. paper)

1. Internet–Encyclopedias. I. Bidgoli, Hossein.TK5105.875.I57I5466 2003004.67′8′03–dc21

2002155552

Printed in the United States of America

10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1

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about Wiley products, visit our web site at www.Wiley.com.

http://www.copyright.comhttp://www.Wiley.com



To so many fine memories of my brother, Mohsen, for hisuncompromising belief in the power of education.

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iv



About the Editor-in-ChiefAbout the Editor-in-Chief

Hossein Bidgoli, Ph.D., is Professor of ManagementInformation Systems at California State University. Dr.Bidgoli helped set up the first PC lab in the UnitedStates. He is the author of 43 textbooks, 27 manuals, andover four dozen technical articles and papers on variousaspects of computer applications, e-commerce, and

information systems, which have been published andpresented throughout the world. Dr. Bidgoli also servesas the editor-in-chief of Encyclopedia of InformationSystems.

Dr. Bidgoli was selected as the California State Univer-sity, Bakersfield’s 2001–2002 Professor of the Year.

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Editorial BoardEditorial Board

Eric T. BradlowThe Wharton School of the University of

Pennsylvania

Kai ChengLeeds Metropolitan University,

United Kingdom

Mary J. CroninBoston College

James E. GoldmanPurdue University

Marilyn GreensteinArizona State University West

Varun GroverUniversity of South Carolina

Ephraim R. McLeanGeorgia State University, Atlanta

David E. MonarchiUniversity of Colorado, Boulder

Raymond R. PankoUniversity of Hawaii at Manoa

Norman M. SadehCarnegie Mellon University

Judith C. SimonThe University of Memphis

Vasja VehovarUniversity of Ljubljana, Slovenia

Russell S. WinerNew York University

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viii



ContentsContents

Chapter List by Subject Area xvContributors xixPreface xxviiGuide to the Internet Encyclopedia xxxi

Volume 1Active Server Pages 1J. Christopher Sandvig

ActiveX 11Roman Erenshteyn

ActiveX Data Objects (ADO) 25Bhushan Kapoor

Application Service Providers (ASPs) 36Hans-Arno Jacobsen

Authentication 48Patrick McDaniel

Benchmarking Internet 57Vasja Vehovar and Vesna Dolnicar

Biometric Authentication 72James. L. Wayman

BluetoothTM—A Wireless PersonalArea Network 84Brent A. Miller

Business Plans for E-commerce Projects 96Amy W. Ray

Business-to-Business (B2B) ElectronicCommerce 106Julian J. Ray

Business-to-Business (B2B) InternetBusiness Models 120Dat-Dao Nguyen

Business-to-Consumer (B2C) InternetBusiness Models 129Diane M. Hamilton

Capacity Planning for Web Services 139Robert Oshana

Cascading Style Sheets (CSS) 152Fred Condo

C/C++ 164Mario Giannini

Circuit, Message, and Packet Switching 176Robert H. Greenfield

Click-and-Brick Electronic Commerce 185Charles Steinfield

Client/Server Computing 194Daniel J. McFarland

Collaborative Commerce (C-commerce) 204Rodney J. Heisterberg

Common Gateway Interface (CGI) Scripts 218Stan Kurkovsky

Computer Literacy 229Hossein Bidgoli

Computer Security Incident Response Teams(CSIRTs) 242Raymond R. Panko

Computer Viruses and Worms 248Robert Slade

Conducted Communications Media 261Thomas L. Pigg

Consumer Behavior 272Mary Finley Wolfinbarger and Mary C. Gilly

Consumer-Oriented Electronic Commerce 284Henry Chan

Convergence of Data, Sound, and Video 294Gary J. Krug

Copyright Law 303Gerald R. Ferrera

Customer Relationship Managementon the Web 315Russell S. Winer

Cybercrime and Cyberfraud 326Camille Chin

Cyberlaw: The Major Areas, Development,and Provisions 337Dennis M. Powers

Cyberterrorism 353Charles W. Jaeger

Databases on the Web 373A. Neil Yerkey

Data Compression 384Chang-Su Kim and C.-C. Jay Kuo

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CONTENTSx

Data Mining in E-commerce 400Sviatoslav Braynov

Data Warehousing and Data Marts 412Chuck Kelley

Denial of Service Attacks 424E. Eugene Schultz

Developing Nations 434Nanette S. Levinson

DHTML (Dynamic HyperText MarkupLanguage) 444Craig D. Knuckles

Digital Communication 457Robert W. Heath Jr., and Atul A. Salvekar

Digital Divide 468Jaime J. Dávila

Digital Economy 477Nirvikar Singh

Digital Identity 493Drummond Reed and Jerry Kindall

Digital Libraries 505Cavan McCarthy

Digital Signatures and ElectronicSignatures 526Raymond R. Panko

Disaster Recovery Planning 535Marco Cremonini and Pierangela Samarati

Distance Learning (Virtual Learning) 549Chris Dede, Tara Brown-L’Bahy, Diane Ketelhut,

and Pamela Whitehouse

Downloading from the Internet 561Kuber Maharjan

E-business ROI Simulations 577Edwin E. Lewis

E-government 590Shannon Schelin and G. David Garson

Electronic Commerce and ElectronicBusiness 601Charles Steinfield

Electronic Data Interchange (EDI) 613Matthew K. McGowan

Electronic Funds Transfer 624Roger Gate and Alec Nacamuli

Electronic Payment 635Donal O’Mahony

Electronic Procurement 645Robert H. Goffman

E-mail and Instant Messaging 660Jim Grubbs

E-marketplaces 671Paul R. Prabhaker

Encryption 686Ari Juels

Enhanced TV 695Jim Krause

Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) 707Zinovy Radovilsky

E-systems for the Support ofManufacturing Operations 718Robert H. Lowson

Extensible Markup Language (XML) 732Rich Dorfman

Extensible Stylesheet Language (XSL) 755Jesse M. Heines

Extranets 793Stephen W. Thorpe

Feasibility of Global E-businessProjects 803Peter Raven and C. Patrick Fleenor

File Types 819Jennifer Lagier

Firewalls 831James E. Goldman

Fuzzy Logic 841Yan-Qing Zhang

Volume 2Game Design: Games for the WorldWide Web 1Bruce R. Maxim

Gender and Internet Usage 12Ruby Roy Dholakia, Nikhilesh Dholakia,

and Nir Kshetri

Geographic Information Systems (GIS)and the Internet 23Haluk Cetin

Global Diffusion of the Internet 38Nikhilesh Dholakia, Ruby Roy Dholakia,

and Nir Kshetri

Global Issues 52Babita Gupta

Groupware 65Pierre A. Balthazard and Richard E. Potter



CONTENTS xi

Guidelines for a ComprehensiveSecurity System 76Margarita Maria Lenk

Health Insurance and Managed Care 89Etienne E. Pracht

Health Issues 104David Lukoff and Jayne Gackenbach

History of the Internet 114John Sherry and Colleen Brown

HTML/XHTML (HyperText MarkupLanguage/Extensible HyperTextMarkup Language) 124Mark Michael

Human Factors and Ergonomics 141Robert W. Proctor andKim-Phuong L. Vu

Human Resources Management 150Dianna L. Stone, Eduardo Salas,

and Linda C. Isenhour

Information Quality in Internetand E-business Environments 163Larry P. English

Integrated Services Digital Network (ISDN):Narrowband and Broadband Services andApplications 180John S. Thompson

Intelligent Agents 192Daniel Dajun Zeng and Mark E. Nissen

Interactive Multimedia on the Web 204Borko Furht and Oge Marques

International Cyberlaw 216Julia Alpert Gladstone

International Supply Chain Management 233Gary LaPoint and Scott Webster

Internet Architecture 244Graham Knight

Internet Censorship 264Julie Hersberger

Internet Etiquette (Netiquette) 274Joseph M. Kayany

Internet Literacy 286Hossein Bidgoli

Internet Navigation (Basics, Services,and Portals) 298Pratap Reddy

Internet Relay Chat (IRC) 311Paul L. Witt

Internet Security Standards 320Raymond R. Panko

Internet2 334Linda S. Bruenjes, Carolyn J. Siccama,

and John LeBaron

Intranets 346William T. Schiano

Intrusion Detection Techniques 355Peng Ning and Sushil Jajodia

Inventory Management 368Janice E. Carrillo, Michael A. Carrillo,

and Anand Paul

Java 379Judith C. Simon and Charles J. Campbell

JavaBeans and Software Architecture 388Nenad Medvidovic and Nikunj R. Mehta

JavaScript 401Constantine Roussos

JavaServer Pages (JSP) 415Frederick Pratter

Knowledge Management 431Ronald R. Tidd

Law Enforcement 443Robert Vaughn and Judith C. Simon

Law Firms 457Victoria S. Dennis and Judith C. Simon

Legal, Social, and Ethical Issues 464Kenneth Einar Himma

Library Management 477Clara L. Sitter

Linux Operating System 486Charles Abzug

Load Balancing on the Internet 499Jianbin Wei, Cheng-Zhong Xu,and Xiaobo Zhou

Local Area Networks 515Wayne C. Summers

Machine Learning and Data Miningon the Web 527Qiang Yang

Managing a Network Environment 537Haniph A. Latchman and Jordan Walters

Managing the Flow of Materials Acrossthe Supply Chain 551Matthias Holweg and Nick Rich



CONTENTSxii

Marketing Communication Strategies 562Judy Strauss

Marketing Plans for E-commerce Projects 574Malu Roldan

Medical Care Delivery 586Steven D. Schwaitzberg

Middleware 603Robert Simon

Mobile Commerce 614Mary J. Cronin

Mobile Devices and Protocols 627Julie R. Mariga and Benjamin R. Pobanz

Mobile Operating Systems and Applications 635Julie R. Mariga

Multimedia 642Joey Bargsten

Multiplexing 664Dave Whitmore

Nonprofit Organizations 675Dale Nesbary

Online Analytical Processing (OLAP) 685Joseph Morabito and Edward A. Stohr

Online Auctions 699Gary C. Anders

Online Auction Site Management 709Peter R. Wurman

Online Banking and Beyond:Internet-Related Offerings fromU.S. Banks 720Siaw-Peng Wan

Online Communities 733Lee Sproull

Online Dispute Resolution 745Alan Gaitenby

Online News Services (Online Journalism) 755Bruce Garrison

Online Public Relations 769Kirk Hallahan

Online Publishing 784Randy M. Brooks

Online Religion 798T. Matthew Ciolek

Online Stalking 812David J. Loundy

Open Source Development and Licensing 819Steven J. Henry

Organizational Impact 832John A. Mendonca

Volume 3Passwords 1Jeremy Rasmussen

Patent Law 14Gerald Bluhm

Peer-to-Peer Systems 25L. Jean Camp

Perl 34David Stotts

Personalization and CustomizationTechnologies 51Sviatoslav Braynov

Physical Security 64Mark Michael

Politics 84Paul Gronke

Privacy Law 96Ray Everett-Church

Propagation Characteristics of WirelessChannels 124P. M. Shankar

Prototyping 135Eric H. Nyberg

Public Accounting Firms 145C. Janie Chang and Annette Nellen

Public Key Infrastructure (PKI) 156Russ Housley

Public Networks 166Dale R. Thompson and Amy W. Apon

Radio Frequency and WirelessCommunications 177Okechukwu C. Ugweje

Real Estate 192Ashok Deo Bardhan and Dwight Jaffee

Research on the Internet 201Paul S. Piper

Return on Investment Analysisfor E-business Projects 211Mark Jeffery

Risk Management in Internet-BasedSoftware Projects 229Roy C. Schmidt

Rule-Based and Expert Systems 237Robert J. Schalkoff



CONTENTS xiii

Secure Electronic Transactions (SET) 247Mark S. Merkow

Secure Sockets Layer (SSL) 261Robert J. Boncella

Securities Trading on the Internet 274Marcia H. Flicker

Software Design and Implementation in theWeb Environment 286Jeff Offutt

Software Piracy 297Robert K. Moniot

Speech and Audio Compression 307Peter Kroon

Standards and Protocols in DataCommunications 320David E. Cook

Storage Area Networks (SANs) 329Vladimir V. Riabov

Strategic Alliances 340Patricia Adams

Structured Query Language (SQL) 353Erick D. Slazinski

Supply Chain Management 365Gerard J. Burke and Asoo J. Vakharia

Supply Chain Management andthe Internet 374Thomas D. Lairson

Supply Chain Management Technologies 387Mark Smith

Supply Networks: Developing andMaintaining Relationships and Strategies 398Robert H. Lowson

Taxation Issues 413Annette Nellen

TCP/IP Suite 424Prabhaker Mateti

Telecommuting and Telework 436Ralph D. Westfall

Trademark Law 448Ray Everett-Church

Travel and Tourism 459Daniel R. Fesenmaier, Ulrike Gretzel,

Yeong-Hyeon Hwang, and Youcheng Wang

Universally Accessible Web Resources:Designing for People with Disabilities 477Jon Gunderson

Unix Operating System 494Mark Shacklette

Usability Testing: An Evaluation Processfor Internet Communications 512Donald E. Zimmerman and Carol A. Akerelrea

Value Chain Analysis 525Brad Kleindl

Video Compression 537Immanuel Freedman

Video Streaming 554Herbert Tuttle

Virtual Enterprises 567J. Cecil

Virtual Private Networks: Internet Protocol(IP) Based 579David E. McDysan

Virtual Reality on the Internet: CollaborativeVirtual Reality 591Andrew Johnson and Jason Leigh

Virtual Teams 600Jamie S. Switzer

Visual Basic 608Dennis O. Owen

Visual Basic Scripting Edition (VBScript) 620Timothy W. Cole

Visual C++ (Microsoft) 635Blayne E. Mayfield

Voice over Internet Protocol (IP) 647Roy Morris

Web-Based Training 661Patrick J. Fahy

Webcasting 674Louisa Ha

Web Content Management 687Jian Qin

Web Hosting 699Doug Kaye

Web Quality of Service 711Tarek Abdelzaher

Web Search Fundamentals 724Raymond Wisman

Web Search Technology 738Clement Yu and Weiyi Meng

Web Services 754Akhil Sahai, Sven Graupner,

and Wooyoung Kim



CONTENTSxiv

Web Site Design 768Robert E. Irie

Wide Area and Metropolitan AreaNetworks 776Lynn A. DeNoia

Windows 2000 Security 792E. Eugene Schultz

Wireless Application Protocol (WAP) 805Lillian N. Cassel

Wireless Communications Applications 817Mohsen Guizani

Wireless Internet 831Magda El Zarki, Geert Heijenk and Kenneth S. Lee

Wireless Marketing 850Pamela M. H. Kwok

XBRL (Extensible Business ReportingLanguage): Business Reporting with XML 863J. Efrim Boritz and Won Gyun No



Chapter List by Subject AreaChapter List by Subject Area

ApplicationsDeveloping NationsDigital LibrariesDistance Learning (Virtual Learning)Downloading from the InternetElectronic Funds TransferE-mail and Instant MessagingEnhanced TVGame Design: Games for the World Wide WebGroupWareHealth Insurance and Managed CareHuman Resources ManagementInteractive Multimedia on the WebInternet Relay Chat (IRC)Law EnforcementLaw FirmsLibrary ManagementMedical Care DeliveryNonprofit OrganizationsOnline Banking and Beyond: Internet-Related Offerings

from U.S. BanksOnline CommunitiesOnline Dispute ResolutionOnline News Services (Online Journalism)Online Public RelationsOnline PublishingOnline ReligionPoliticsPublic Accounting FirmsReal EstateResearch on the InternetSecurities Trading on the InternetTelecommuting and TeleworkTravel and TourismVideo StreamingVirtual EnterprisesVirtual TeamsWeb-Based TrainingWebcasting

Design, Implementation, and ManagementApplication Service Providers (ASPs)Benchmarking InternetCapacity Planning for Web ServicesClient/Server ComputingE-business ROI SimulationsEnterprise Resource Planning (ERP)Human Factors and ErgonomicsInformation Quality in Internet and E-business

Environments

Load Balancing on the InternetManaging a Network EnvironmentPeer-to-Peer SystemsProject Management TechniquesPrototypingReturn on Investment Analysis for E-business ProjectsRisk Management in Internet-Based Software ProjectsSoftware Design and Implementation in the Web

EnvironmentStructured Query Language (SQL)Universally Accessible Web Resources: Designing for

People with DisabilitiesUsability Testing: An Evaluation Process for Internet

CommunicationsVirtual Reality on the Internet: Collaborative Virtual

RealityWeb HostingWeb Quality of Service

Electronic CommerceBusiness Plans for E-commerce ProjectsBusiness-to-Business (B2B) Electronic CommerceBusiness-to-Business (B2B) Internet Business ModelsBusiness-to-Consumer (B2C) Internet Business ModelsClick-and-Brick Electronic CommerceCollaborative Commerce (C-Commerce)Consumer-Oriented Electronic CommerceE-governmentElectronic Commerce and Electronic BusinessElectronic Data Interchange (EDI)Electronic PaymentE-marketplacesExtranetsIntranetsOnline Auction Site ManagementOnline AuctionsWeb Services

FoundationComputer LiteracyDigital EconomyDownloading from the InternetElectronic Commerce and Electronic BusinessFile TypesGeographic Information Systems (GIS) and the InternetHistory of the InternetInternet Etiquette (Netiquette)Internet LiteracyInternet Navigation (Basics, Services, and Portals)Multimedia

xv



CHAPTER LIST BY SUBJECT AREAxvi

Value Chain AnalysisWeb Search FundamentalsWeb Search Technology

InfrastructureCircuit, Message, and Packet SwitchingConducted Communications MediaConvergence of Data, Sound, and VideoData CompressionDigital CommunicationIntegrated Services Digital Network (ISDN):

Narrowband and Broadband Services andApplications

Internet ArchitectureInternet2Linux Operating SystemLocal Area NetworksMiddlewareMultiplexingPublic NetworksSpeech and Audio CompressionStandards and Protocols in Data CommunicationsStorage Area Networks (SANs)TCP/IP SuiteUnix Operating SystemVideo CompressionVoice over Internet Protocol (IP)Virtual Private Networks: Internet Protocol (IP)

BasedWide Area and Metropolitan Area Networks

Legal, Social, Organizational, International,and Taxation IssuesCopyright LawCybercrime and CyberfraudCyberlaw: The Major Areas, Development,

and ProvisionsCyberterrorismDigital DivideDigital IdentityFeasibility of Global E-business ProjectsGender and Internet UsageGlobal Diffusion of InternetGlobal IssuesHealth IssuesInternational CyberlawInternet CensorshipLegal, Social, and Ethical IssuesOnline StalkingOpen Source Development and LicensingOrganizational ImpactPatent LawPrivacy LawSoftware PiracyTaxation IssuesTrademark Law

Marketing and Advertising on the WebConsumer BehaviorCustomer Relationship Management on the WebData Mining in E-commerceData Warehousing and Data MartsDatabases on the WebFuzzy LogicIntelligent AgentsKnowledge ManagementMachine Learning and Data Mining on the WebMarketing Communication StrategiesMarketing Plans for E-commerce ProjectsOnline Analytical Processing (OLAP)Personalizations and Customization TechnologiesRule-Based and Expert SystemsWireless Marketing

Security Issues and MeasuresAuthenticationBiometric AuthenticationComputer Security Incident Response Teams (CSIRTs)Computer Viruses and WormsDenial of Service AttacksDigital Signatures and Electronic SignaturesDisaster Recovery PlanningEncryptionFirewallsGuidelines for a Comprehensive Security SystemInternet Security StandardsIntrusion Detection SystemPasswordsPhysical SecurityPublic Key Infrastructure (PKI)Secure Electronic Transmissions (SET)Secure Sockets Layer (SSL)Virtual Private Networks: Internet Protocol (IP) BasedWindows 2000 Security

Supply Chain ManagementElectronic ProcurementE-systems for the Support of Manufacturing OperationsInternational Supply Chain ManagementInventory ManagementManaging the Flow of Materials Across the Supply ChainStrategic AlliancesSupply Chain ManagementSupply Chain Management and the InternetSupply Chain Management TechnologiesSupply Networks: Developing and Maintaining

Relationships and StratediesValue Chain Analysis

Web Design and ProgrammingActive Server Pages (ASP)ActiveXActiveX Data Objects (ADO)



CHAPTER LIST BY SUBJECT AREA xvii

C/C++Cascading Style Sheets (CSS)Common Gateway Interface (CGI) ScriptsDHTML (Dynamic HyperText Markup Language)Extensible Markup Language (XML)Extensible Stylesheet Language (XSL)HTML/XHTML (Hypertext Markup Language/Extensible

HyperText Markup Language)JavaJava Server Pages (JSP)JavaBeans and Software ArchitectureJavaScriptPerlVisual Basic Scripting Edition (VBScript)Visual BasicVisual C++ (Microsoft)

Web Content ManagementWeb Site DesignXBRL (Extensible Business Reporting Language):

Business Reporting with XML

Wireless Internet and E-commerceBluetoothTM—A Wireless Personal Area NetworkMobile CommerceMobile Devices and ProtocolsMobile Operating Systems and ApplicationsPropagation Characteristics of Wireless ChannelsRadio Frequency and Wireless CommunicationsWireless Application Protocol (WAP)Wireless Communications ApplicationsWireless InternetWireless Marketing



xviii



ContributorsContributors

Tarek AbdelzaherUniversity of VirginiaWeb Quality of Service

Charles AbzugJames Madison UniversityLinux Operating System

Patricia AdamsEducation ResourcesStrategic Alliances

Carol A. AkerelreaColorado State UniversityUsability Testing: An Evaluation Process

for Internet CommunicationsGary C. Anders

Arizona State University WestOnline Auctions

Amy W. AponUniversity of ArkansasPublic Networks

Pierre A. BalthazardArizona State University WestGroupware

Ashok Deo BardhanUniversity of California,

BerkeleyReal Estate

Joey BargstenUniversity of OregonMultimedia

Hossein BidgoliCalifornia State University,

BakersfieldComputer LiteracyInternet Literacy

Gerald BluhmTyco Fire & SecurityPatent Law

Robert J. BoncellaWashburn UniversitySecure Sockets Layer (SSL)

J. Efrim BoritzUniversity of Waterloo, CanadaXBRL (Extensible Business Reporting Language):

Business Reporting with XMLSviatoslav Braynov

State University of New York at BuffaloData Mining in E-commercePersonalization and Customization

TechnologiesRandy M. Brooks

Millikin UniversityOnline Publishing

Colleen BrownPurdue UniversityHistory of the Internet

Tara Brown-L’BahyHarvard UniversityDistance Learning (Virtual Learning)

Linda S. BruenjesLasell CollegeInternet2

Gerard J. BurkeUniversity of FloridaSupply Chain Management

L. Jean CampHarvard UniversityPeer-to-Peer Systems

Charles J. CampbellThe University of MemphisJava

Janice E. CarrilloUniversity of FloridaInventory Management

Michael A. CarrilloOracle CorporationInventory Management

Lillian N. CasselVillanova UniversityWireless Application Protocol (WAP)

J. CecilNew Mexico State UniversityVirtual Enterprises

Haluk CetinMurray State UniversityGeographic Information Systems (GIS) and

the InternetHenry Chan

The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, ChinaConsumer-Oriented Electronic Commerce

C. Janie ChangSan José State UniversityPublic Accounting Firms

Camille ChinWest Virginia UniversityCybercrime and Cyberfraud

T. Matthew CiolekThe Australian National University, AustraliaOnline Religion

Timothy W. ColeUniversity of Illinois at Urbana-ChampaignVisual Basic Scripting Edition (VBScript)

Fred CondoCalifornia State University, ChicoCascading Style Sheets (CSS)

David E. CookUniversity of Derby, United KingdomStandards and Protocols in Data Communications

Marco CremoniniUniversità di Milano, ItalyDisaster Recovery Planning

xix



CONTRIBUTORSxx

Mary J. CroninBoston CollegeMobile Commerce

Jaime J. DávilaHampshire CollegeDigital Divide

Chris DedeHarvard UniversityDistance Learning (Virtual Learning)

Victoria S. DennisMinnesota State Bar AssociationLaw Firms

Lynn A. DeNoiaRensselaer Polytechnic InstituteWide Area and Metropolitan Area Networks

Nikhilesh DholakiaUniversity of Rhode IslandGender and Internet UsageGlobal Diffusion of the Internet

Ruby Roy DholakiaUniversity of Rhode IslandGender and Internet UsageGlobal Diffusion of the Internet

Vesna DolnicarUniversity of Ljubljana, SloveniaBenchmarking Internet

Rich DorfmanWebFeats! and Waukesha County Technical

CollegeExtensible Markup Language (XML)

Magda El ZarkiUniversity of California—IrvineWireless Internet

Larry P. EnglishInformation Impact International, Inc.Information Quality in Internet and E-business

EnvironmentsRoman Erenshteyn

Goldey-Beacom CollegeActiveX

Ray Everett-ChurchePrivacy Group, Inc.Privacy LawTrademark Law

Patrick J. FahyAthabasca University, CanadaWeb-Based Training

Gerald R. FerreraBentley CollegeCopyright Law

Daniel R. FesenmaierUniversity of Illinois at Urbana–ChampaignTravel and Tourism

C. Patrick FleenorSeattle UniversityFeasibility of Global E-business Projects

Marcia H. FlickerFordham UniversitySecurities Trading on the Internet

Immanuel FreedmanDr. Immanuel Freedman, Inc.Video Compression

Borko FurhtFlorida Atlantic UniversityInteractive Multimedia on the Web

Jayne GackenbachAthabasca University, CanadaHealth Issues

Alan GaitenbyUniversity of Massachusetts, AmherstOnline Dispute Resolution

Bruce GarrisonUniversity of MiamiOnline News Services (Online Journalism)

G. David GarsonNorth Carolina State UniversityE-government

Roger GateIBM United Kingdom Ltd., United KingdomElectronic Funds Transfer

Mario GianniniCode Fighter, Inc., and ColumbiaUniversityC/C++

Julia Alpert GladstoneBryant CollegeInternational Cyberlaw

Mary C. GillyUniversity of California, IrvineConsumer Behavior

Robert H. GoffmanConcordia UniversityElectronic Procurement

James E. GoldmanPurdue UniversityFirewalls

Sven GraupnerHewlett-Packard LaboratoriesWeb Services

Robert H. GreenfieldComputer ConsultingCircuit, Message, and Packet Switching

Ulrike GretzelUniversity of Illinois at Urbana–ChampaignTravel and Tourism

Paul GronkeReed CollegePolitics

Jim GrubbsUniversity of Illinois at SpringfieldE-mail and Instant Messaging

Mohsen GuizaniWestern Michigan UniversityWireless Communications Applications

Jon GundersonUniversity of Illinois at Urbana–ChampaignUniversally Accessible Web Resources: Designing

for People with DisabilitiesBabita Gupta

California State University, Monterey BayGlobal Issues

Louisa HaBowling Green State UniversityWebcasting



CONTRIBUTORS xxi

Kirk HallahanColorado State UniversityOnline Public Relations

Diane M. HamiltonRowan UniversityBusiness-to-Consumer (B2C) Internet Business Models

Robert W. Heath Jr.The University of Texas at AustinDigital Communication

Geert HeijenkUniversity of Twente, The NetherlandsWireless Internet

Jesse M. HeinesUniversity of Massachusetts LowellExtensible Stylesheet Language (XSL)

Rodney J. HeisterbergNotre Dame de Namur University andRod Heisterberg AssociatesCollaborative Commerce (C-Commerce)

Steven J. HenryWolf, Greenfield & Sacks, P.C.Open Source Development and Licensing

Julie HersbergerUniversity of North Carolina at GreensboroInternet Censorship

Kenneth Einar HimmaUniversity of WashingtonLegal, Social, and Ethical Issues

Matthias HolwegMassachusetts Institute of TechnologyManaging the Flow of Materials Across the Supply Chain

Russ HousleyVigil Security, LLCPublic Key Infrastructure (PKI)

Yeong-Hyeon HwangUniversity of Illinois at Urbana–ChampaignTravel and Tourism

Robert E. IrieSPAWAR Systems Center San DiegoWeb Site Design

Linda C. IsenhourUniversity of Central FloridaHuman Resources Management

Hans-Arno JacobsenUniversity of Toronto, CanadaApplication Service Providers (ASPs)

Charles W. JaegerSoutherrn Oregon UniversityCyberterrorism

Dwight JaffeeUniversity of California, BerkeleyReal Estate

Sushil JajodiaGeorge Mason UniversityIntrusion Detection Techniques

Mark JefferyNorthwestern UniversityReturn on Investment Analysis for E-business Projects

Andrew JohnsonUniversity of Illinois at ChicagoVirtual Reality on the Internet: Collaborative

Virtual Reality

Ari JuelsRSA LaboratoriesEncryption

Bhushan KapoorCalifornia State University, FullertonActiveX Data Objects (ADO)

Joseph M. KayanyWestern Michigan UniversityInternet Etiquette (Netiquette)

Doug KayeRDS Strategies LLCWeb Hosting

Chuck KelleyExcellence In Data, Inc.Data Warehousing and Data Marts

Diane KetelhutHarvard UniversityDistance Learning (Virtual Learning)

Chang-Su KimSeoul National University, KoreaData Compression

Wooyoung KimUniversity of Illinois at Urbana-ChampaignWeb Services

Jerry KindallEpok Inc.Digital Identity

Brad KleindlMissouri Southern State University–JoplinValue Chain Analysis

Graham KnightUniversity College London, United KingdomInternet Architecture

Craig D. KnucklesLake Forest CollegeDHTML (Dynamic HyperText Markup

Language)Jim Krause

Indiana UniversityEnhanced TV

Peter KroonAgere SystemsSpeech and Audio Compression

Gary J. KrugEastern Washington UniversityConvergence of Data, Sound, and Video

Nir KshetriUniversity of North CarolinaGender and Internet UsageGlobal Diffusion of the Internet

C.-C. Jay KuoUniversity of Southern CaliforniaData Compression

Stan KurkovskyColumbus State UniversityCommon Gateway Interface (CGI) Scripts

Pamela M. H. KwokHong Kong Polytechnic University, ChinaWireless Marketing

Jennifer LagierHartnell CollegeFile Types



CONTRIBUTORSxxii

Thomas D. LairsonRollins CollegeSupply Chain Management and the Internet

Gary LaPointSyracuse UniversityInternational Supply Chain Management

Haniph A. LatchmanUniversity of FloridaManaging a Network Environment

John LeBaronUniversity of Massachusetts LowellInternet2

Kenneth S. LeeUniversity of PennsylvaniaWireless Internet

Jason LeighUniversity of Illinois at ChicagoVirtual Reality on the Internet: Collaborative

Virtual RealityMargarita Maria Lenk

Colorado State UniversityGuidelines for a Comprehensive Security System

Nanette S. LevinsonAmerican UniversityDeveloping Nations

Edwin E. Lewis Jr.Johns Hopkins UniversityE-business ROI Simulations

David J. LoundyDePaul UniversityOnline Stalking

Robert H. LowsonUniversity of East Anglia, United KingdomE-systems for the Support of Manufacturing

OperationsSupply Networks: Developing and Maintaining

Relationships and StrategiesDavid Lukoff

Saybrook Graduate School and Research CenterHealth Issues

Kuber MaharjanPurdue UniversityDownloading from the Internet

Julie R. MarigaPurdue UniversityMobile Devices and ProtocolsMobile Operating Systems and Applications

Oge MarquesFlorida Atlantic UniversityInteractive Multimedia on the Web

Prabhaker MatetiWright State UniversityTCP/IP Suite

Bruce R. MaximUniversity of Michigan–DearbornGame Design: Games for the World Wide Web

Blayne E. MayfieldOklahoma State UniversityVisual C++ (Microsoft)

Cavan McCarthyLouisiana State UniversityDigital Libraries

Patrick McDanielAT&T LabsAuthentication

David E. McDysanWorldComVirtual Private Networks: Internet Protocol (IP)

BasedDaniel J. McFarland

Rowan UniversityClient/Server Computing

Matthew K. McGowanBradley UniversityElectronic Data Interchange (EDI)

Nenad MedvidovicUniversity of Southern CaliforniaJavaBeans and Software Architecture

Nikunj R. MehtaUniversity of Southern CaliforniaJavaBeans and Software Architecture

John A. MendoncaPurdue UniversityOrganizational Impact

Weiyi MengState University of New York at BinghamtonWeb Search Technology

Mark S. MerkowE-commerce GuideSecure Electronic Transactions (SET)

Mark MichaelKing’s CollegeHTML/XHTML (HyperText Markup Language/

Extensible HyperText Markup Language)Physical Security

Brent A. MillerIBM CorporationBluetoothT M—A Wireless Personal Area Network

Robert K. MoniotFordham UniversitySoftware Piracy

Joseph MorabitoStevens Institute of TechnologyOnline Analytical Processing (OLAP)

Roy MorrisCapitol CollegeVoice over Internet Protocol (IP)

Alec NacamuliIBM United Kingdom Ltd., United KingdomElectronic Funds Transfer

Annette NellenSan José State UniversityPublic Accounting FirmsTaxation Issues

Dale NesbaryOakland UniversityNonprofit Organizations

Dat-Dao NguyenCalifornia State University, NorthridgeBusiness-to-Business (B2B) Internet Business

ModelsPeng Ning

North Carolina State UniversityIntrusion Detection Techniques



CONTRIBUTORS xxiii

Mark E. NissenNaval Postgraduate SchoolIntelligent Agents

Won Gyun NoUniversity of Waterloo, CanadaXBRL (Extensible Business Reporting Language):

Business Reporting with XMLEric H. Nyberg

Carnegie Mellon UniversityPrototyping

Jeff OffuttGeorge Mason UniversitySoftware Design and Implementation in the

Web EnvironmentDonal O’Mahony

University of Dublin, IrelandElectronic Payment

Robert OshanaSouthern Methodist UniversityCapacity Planning for Web Services

Dennis O. OwenPurdue UniversityVisual Basic

Raymond R. PankoUniversity of Hawaii at ManoaComputer Security Incident Response Teams (CSIRTs)Digital Signatures and Electronic SignaturesInternet Security Standards

Anand PaulUniversity of FloridaInventory Management

Thomas L. PiggJackson State Community CollegeConducted Communications Media

Paul S. PiperWestern Washington UniversityResearch on the Internet

Benjamin R. PobanzPurdue UniversityMobile Devices and Protocols

Richard E. PotterUniversity of Illinois at ChicagoGroupware

Dennis M. PowersSouthern Oregon UniversityCyberlaw: The Major Areas, Development,

and ProvisionsPaul R. Prabhaker

Illinois Institute of TechnologyE-marketplaces

Etienne E. PrachtUniversity of South FloridaHealth Insurance and Managed Care

Frederick PratterEastern Oregon UniversityJavaServer Pages (JSP)

Robert W. ProctorPurdue UniversityHuman Factors and Ergonomics

Jian QinSyracuse UniversityWeb Content Management

Zinovy RadovilskyCalifornia State University, HaywardEnterprise Resource Planning (ERP)

Jeremy RasmussenSypris Electronics, LLCPasswords

Peter RavenSeattle UniversityFeasibility of Global E-business Projects

Amy W. RayBentley CollegeBusiness Plans for E-commerce Projects

Julian J. RayWestern New England CollegeBusiness-to-Business (B2B) Electronic Commerce

Pratap ReddyRaritan Valley Community CollegeInternet Navigation (Basics, Services, and Portals)

Drummond ReedOneName CorporationDigital Identity

Vladimir V. RiabovRivier CollegeStorage Area Networks (SANs)

Nick RichCardiff Business School, United KingdomManaging the Flow of Materials Across the

Supply ChainMalu Roldan

San Jose State UniversityMarketing Plans for an E-commerce Project

Constantine RoussosLynchburg CollegeJavaScript

Akhil SahaiHewlett-Packard LaboratoriesWeb Services

Eduardo SalasUniversity of Central FloridaHuman Resources Management

Atul A. SalvekarIntel Corp.Digital Communication

Pierangela SamaratiUniversità di Milano, ItalyDisaster Recovery Planning

J. Christopher SandvigWestern Washington UniversityActive Server Pages

Robert J. SchalkoffClemson UniversityRule-Based and Expert Systems

Shannon SchelinNorth Carolina State UniversityE-government

William T. SchianoBentley CollegeIntranets

Roy C. SchmidtBradley UniversityRisk Management in Internet-Based Software

Projects



CONTRIBUTORSxxiv

E. Eugene SchultzUniversity of California–Berkley LabDenial of Service AttacksWindows 2000 Security

Steven D. SchwaitzbergTufts-New England Medical CenterMedical Care Delivery

Kathy SchwalbeAugsburg CollegeProject Management Techniques

Mark ShackletteThe University of ChicagoUnix Operating System

P. M. ShankarDrexel UniversityPropagation Characteristics of Wireless

ChannelsJohn Sherry

Purdue UniversityHistory of the Internet

Carolyn J. SiccamaUniversity of Massachusetts LowellInternet2

Judith C. SimonThe University of MemphisJavaLaw EnforcementLaw Firms

Robert SimonGeorge Mason UniversityMiddleware

Nirvikar SinghUniversity of California, Santa CruzDigital Economy

Clara L. SitterUniversity of DenverLibrary Management

Robert SladeConsultantComputer Viruses and Worms

Erick D. SlazinskiPurdue UniversityStructured Query Language (SQL)

Mark SmithPurdue UniversitySupply Chain Management Technologies

Lee SproullNew York UniversityOnline Communities

Charles SteinfieldMichigan State UniversityClick-and-Brick Electronic CommerceElectronic Commerce and Electronic Business

Edward A. StohrStevens Institute of TechnologyOnline Analytical Processing (OLAP)

Dianna L. StoneUniversity of Central FloridaHuman Resources Management

David StottsUniversity of North Carolina at Chapel HillPerl

Judy StraussUniversity of Nevada, RenoMarketing Communication Strategies

Wayne C. SummersColumbus State UniversityLocal Area Networks

Jamie S. SwitzerColorado State UniversityVirtual Teams

Dale R. ThompsonUniversity of ArkansasPublic Networks

John S. ThompsonUniversity of Colorado at BoulderIntegrated Services Digital Network (ISDN):

Narrowband and Broadband Services and ApplicationsStephen W. Thorpe

Neumann CollegeExtranets

Ronald R. TiddCentral Washington UniversityKnowledge Management

Herbert TuttleThe University of KansasVideo Streaming

Okechukwu C. UgwejeThe University of AkronRadio Frequency and Wireless Communications

Asoo J. VakhariaUniversity of FloridaSupply Chain Management

Robert VaughnUniversity of MemphisLaw Enforcement

Vasja VehovarUniversity of Ljubljana, SloveniaBenchmarking Internet

Kim-Phuong L. VuPurdue UniversityHuman Factors and Ergonomics

Jordan WaltersBCN Associates, Inc.Managing a Network Environment

Siaw-Peng WanElmhurst CollegeOnline Banking and Beyond: Internet-Related

Offerings from U.S. BanksYoucheng Wang

University of Illinois at Urbana–ChampaignTravel and Tourism

James. L. WaymanSan Jose State UniversityBiometric Authentication

Scott WebsterSyracuse UniversityInternational Supply Chain Management

Jianbin WeiWayne State UniversityLoad Balancing on the Internet

Ralph D. WestfallCalifornia State Polytechnic University, PomonaTelecommuting and Telework



CONTRIBUTORS xxv

Pamela WhitehouseHarvard UniversityDistance Learning (Virtual Learning)

Dave WhitmoreChamplain CollegeMultiplexing

Russell S. WinerNew York UniversityCustomer Relationship Management on the Web

Raymond WismanIndiana University SoutheastWeb Search Fundamentals

Paul L. WittUniversity of Texas at ArlingtonInternet Relay Chat (IRC)

Mary Finley WolfinbargerCalifornia State University, Long BeachConsumer Behavior

Peter R. WurmanNorth Carolina State UniversityOnline Auction Site Management

Cheng-Zhong XuWayne State UniversityLoad Balancing on the Internet

Qiang YangHong Kong University of Science andTechnology, ChinaMachine Learning and Data Mining on

the WebA. Neil Yerkey

University at BuffaloDatabases on the Web

Clement YuUniversity of Illinois at ChicagoWeb Search Technology

Daniel Dajun ZengUniversity of ArizonaIntelligent Agents

Yan-Qing ZhangGeorgia State UniversityFuzzy Logic

Xiaobo ZhouUniversity of Colorado at Colorado SpringsLoad Balancing on the Internet

Donald E. ZimmermanColorado State UniversityUsability Testing: An Evaluation Process for

Internet Communications



xxvi



PrefacePreface

The Internet Encyclopedia is the first comprehensiveexamination of the core topics in the Internet field.The Internet Encyclopedia, a three-volume reference workwith 205 chapters and more than 2,600 pages, providescomprehensive coverage of the Internet as a businesstool, IT platform, and communications and commercemedium. The audience includes the libraries of two-yearand four-year colleges and universities with MIS, IT, IS,data processing, computer science, and business depart-ments; public and private libraries; and corporate li-braries throughout the world. It is the only comprehensivesource for reference material for educators and practition-ers in the Internet field.

Education, libraries, health, medical, biotechnology,military, law enforcement, accounting, law, justice, manu-facturing, financial services, insurance, communications,transportation, aerospace, energy, and utilities are amongthe fields and industries expected to become increasinglydependent upon the Internet and Web technologies. Com-panies in these areas are actively researching the manyissues surrounding the design, utilization, and implemen-tation of these technologies.

This definitive three-volume encyclopedia offers cov-erage of both established and cutting-edge theories anddevelopments of the Internet as a technical tool and busi-ness/communications medium. The encyclopedia con-tains chapters from global experts in academia and in-dustry. It offers the following unique features:

1) Each chapter follows a format which includes titleand author, chapter outline, introduction, body, con-clusion, glossary, cross references, and references.This unique format enables the readers to pick andchoose among various sections of a chapter. It alsocreates consistency throughout the entire series.

2) The encyclopedia has been written by more than 240experts and reviewed by more than 840 academicsand practitioners chosen from around the world.This diverse collection of expertise has created themost definitive coverage of established and cuttingedge theories and applications in this fast-growingfield.

3) Each chapter has been rigorously peer reviewed. Thisreview process assures the accuracy and complete-ness of each topic.

4) Each chapter provides extensive online and offlinereferences for additional readings. This will enablereaders to further enrich their understanding of agiven topic.

5) More than 1,000 illustrations and tables throughoutthe series highlight complex topics and assist furtherunderstanding.

6) Each chapter provides extensive cross references.This helps the readers identify other chapters within

the encyclopedia related to a particular topic, whichprovides a one-stop knowledge base for a given topic.

7) More than 2,500 glossary items define new terms andbuzzwords throughout the series, which assists read-ers in understanding concepts and applications.

8) The encyclopedia includes a complete table of con-tents and index sections for easy access to variousparts of the series.

9) The series emphasizes both technical and manage-rial issues. This approach provides researchers, ed-ucators, students, and practitioners with a balancedunderstanding of the topics and the necessary back-ground to deal with problems related to Internet-based systems design, implementation, utilization,and management.

10) The series has been designed based on the currentcore course materials in several leading universi-ties around the world and current practices in lead-ing computer- and Internet-related corporations. Thisformat should appeal to a diverse group of educators,practitioners, and researchers in the Internet field.

We chose to concentrate on fields and supporting tech-nologies that have widespread applications in the aca-demic and business worlds. To develop this encyclope-dia, we carefully reviewed current academic research inthe Internet field at leading universities and research in-stitutions around the world. Management informationsystems, decision support systems (DSS), supply chainmanagement, electronic commence, network design andmanagement, and computer information systems (CIS)curricula recommended by the Association of Informa-tion Technology Professionals (AITP) and the Associationfor Computing Management (ACM) were carefully inves-tigated. We also researched the current practices in theInternet field used by leading IT corporations. Our workenabled us to define the boundaries and contents of thisproject.

TOPIC CATEGORIESBased on our research we identified 11 major topic areasfor the encyclopedia:

� Foundation;� Infrastructure;� Legal, social, organizational, international, and taxation

issues;� Security issues and measures;� Web design and programming;� Design, implementation, and management;� Electronic commerce;� Marketing and advertising on the Web;

xxvii



PREFACExxviii

� Supply chain management;� Wireless Internet and e-commerce; and� Applications.

Although these 11 categories of topics are interrelated,each addresses one major dimension of the Internet-related fields. The chapters in each category are also inter-related and complementary, enabling readers to compare,contrast, and draw conclusions that might not otherwisebe possible.

Although the entries have been arranged alphabeti-cally, the light they shed knows no bounds. The encyclope-dia provides unmatched coverage of fundamental topicsand issues for successful design, implementation, and uti-lization of Internet-based systems. Its chapters can serveas material for a wide spectrum of courses, such as thefollowing:

� Web technology fundamentals;� E-commerce;� Security issues and measures for computers, networks,

and online transactions;� Legal, social, organizational, and taxation issues raised

by the Internet and Web technology;� Wireless Internet and e-commerce;� Supply chain management;� Web design and programming;� Marketing and advertising on the Web; and� The Internet and electronic commerce applications.

Successful design, implementation, and utilization ofInternet-based systems require a thorough knowledge ofseveral technologies, theories, and supporting disciplines.Internet and Web technologies researchers and practition-ers have had to consult many resources to find answers.Some of these sources concentrate on technologiesand infrastructures, some on social and legal issues,and some on applications of Internet-based systems.This encyclopedia provides all of this relevant informa-tion in a comprehensive three-volume set with a livelyformat.

Each volume incorporates core Internet topics, practi-cal applications, and coverage of the emerging issues inthe Internet and Web technologies field. Written by schol-ars and practitioners from around the world, the chaptersfall into the 11 major subject areas mentioned previously.

FoundationChapters in this group examine a broad range of topics.Theories and concepts that have a direct or indirect effecton the understanding, role, and the impact of the Internetin public and private organizations are presented. Theyalso highlight some of the current issues in the Inter-net field. These articles explore historical issues and basicconcepts as well as economic and value chain concepts.They address fundamentals of Web-based systems as wellas Web search issues and technologies. As a group theyprovide a solid foundation for the study of the Internetand Web-based systems.

InfrastructureChapters in this group explore the hardware, software, op-erating systems, standards, protocols, network systems,and technologies used for design and implementation ofthe Internet and Web-based systems. Thorough discus-sions of TCP/IP, compression technologies, and varioustypes of networks systems including LANs, MANS, andWANs are presented.

Legal, Social, Organizational, International,and Taxation IssuesThese chapters look at important issues (positive and neg-ative) in the Internet field. The coverage includes copy-right, patent and trademark laws, privacy and ethical is-sues, and various types of cyberthreats from hackers andcomputer criminals. They also investigate internationaland taxation issues, organizational issues, and social is-sues of the Internet and Web-based systems.

Security Issues and MeasuresChapters in this group provide a comprehensive discus-sion of security issues, threats, and measures for com-puters, network systems, and online transactions. Thesechapters collectively identify major vulnerabilities andthen provide suggestions and solutions that could signif-icantly enhance the security of computer networks andonline transactions.

Web Design and ProgrammingThe chapters in this group review major programminglanguages, concepts, and techniques used for designingprograms, Web sites, and virtual storefronts in the e-commerce environment. They also discuss tools and tech-niques for Web content management.

Design, Implementation, and ManagementThe chapters in this group address a host of issues, con-cepts, theories and techniques that are used for design,implementation, and management of the Internet andWeb-based systems. These chapters address conceptualissues, fundamentals, and cost benefits and returns on in-vestment for Internet and e-business projects. They alsopresent project management and control tools and tech-niques for the management of Internet and Web-basedsystems.

Electronic CommerceThese chapters present a thorough discussion of elec-tronic commerce fundamentals, taxonomies, and appli-cations. They also discuss supporting technologies andapplications of e-commerce inclining intranets, extranets,online auctions, and Web services. These chapters clearlydemonstrate the successful applications of the Internetand Web technologies in private and public sectors.

Marketing and Advertising on the WebThe chapters in this group explore concepts, theories, andtechnologies used for effective marketing and advertising

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