Counting Assessment Data: Validating Evidences for Classroom-Based

Action Research

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EVALUATION

MEASUREMENT

ASSESSMENT

True Learning?I TAUGHT THIS DOG HOW TO

WHISTLE

I DON’T HEAR HIM WHISTLING

I SAID I TAUGHT HIM. I DIDN’T SAY

HE LEARNED IT.

[Artist Unknown]“

It is assessment which helps us distinguish between teaching and learning.

Remember:

We make decisions and offer interventions out of assessment results…… hence, assessment process should be valid and reliable.

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10

Delivering FormativeAssessment

Make learners aware of the learning goal

Determine current status of

students

Move students closer to the goals

Individual Student Progress

IN TERMSOF

IN TERMSOF

What Students

Learn or Did not Learn

What Students Can or Can’t not

Do

GENERATES

Timely Student Achievement Information

TO MONITOR

TO EVALUATE

Instructional Effectiveness

(Team or Individual)

ADDRESSED BY WARRANTS

Modifying Instruction

Re-teaching

Formative Assessment(Ainsworth & Viegut, 2006)

Component Description Examples

Written Work Express skills and concepts in written form

Quizzes, long tests, essays,written reports

Performance Task Show and demonstrate what learners can do

Demonstration, group presentations, oral work, multimedia presentations, research projects (written works such as essays)

Quarterly Assessment

Measure students learning at the end of the quarter

Objective tests and performance-based assessment

Weights for Grades 1-10

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PART 2: GRADING SYSTEM

Getting the Meaning of Scores: Implication for

Planning and Intervention

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True Score = Observed Score ± Error

RAW SCORE vs CONVERTED SCORE

Describing the Data Measures of Central Tendency (Mean, Median, Mode)

Measures of Variation (Range, Variance, Standard Deviation)

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Mean•The most commonly used measure of central tendency, refers to the arithmetic average of a group of scores

•It is the most sensitive measure of central tendency

•It is the most appropriate measure of central tendency when using ratio data

•It considers all information about the the data

•It is influenced by extreme scores, especially in small sample

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The MedianThe median is the score that represents the exact middle in a distributionIt is not affected by extreme scores, so it is a more representative of the central tendency when extreme scores are presentIt is a measure of position within the distributionIt is NOT used for additional statistical calculations

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The ModeThe mode is the score within a distribution that occurs most frequentlyIt is the least used measure of central tendencyIt is not used for additional statistical calculationsIt is the most unstable measure of central tendency

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Distribution ShapesThe graphical shape of a distribution can tell a person about the distribution of scores and about the sample being measuredThe distribution shape can be defined by symmetry or by height and widthThe term for the symmetry of a distribution is skewedness, while the height and width is described by kurtosis

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Skewed DistributionsA distribution can be positively skewed, normal, or negatively skewed.Skewedness is described by “where the scores cluster” within a distribution

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Sample Case in Senior HS:

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Peter obtained a score of 85 on his psychology midterm and 90 on his history midterm. On which test did he do better compared to the rest of the class?

Psychology History Grade 85 90 Mean 75 140 SD 10 25

Group Norms

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Mean Median Mode .13% 2.14% 13.59% 34.13% 34.13% 34.13% 2.14% .13% - 3 SD - 2 SD -1 SD 0 + 1 SD + 2 SD + 3 SD

13.59%

If we will use the normal curve as a model for a distribution with a mean of 61 and a standard deviation of 7, we would expect 34.13% (about 34% or about 1/3) of the scores in this distribution to fall between 61 and 68.

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Converted Scores (Standard Scores)

Z-Scores – enable us to convert raw scores from any distribution to a common scale regardless of its mean or standard deviation, so that we can easily compare such scores.

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PercentilesDecileQuartile

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Daghang Salamat!

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