intro. to linguistics_6 phonetics (organ of speech, segment, articulation)
TRANSCRIPT
INTRODUCTION TO LINGUISTICS6TH MEETING: PHONETICS
(ORGAN OF SPEECH AND SEGMENTAL SOUNDS)
By:Edi Brata
Mathla’ul Anwar University
What is Phonetics?1Organ of Speech2Segmental Sounds(Vowel, Diphthongs, and Consonants)
3
Overview
Consonants Articulation (Voicing, Place, and Manner)4
What is Phonetics?• The general study of the characteristics of
speech sounds (Yule, 2006:30)• The study of speech sounds (Fromkin et.al.,
2005:222)• The inventory and structure of the sounds
speech (O’Grady et.al, 2005:15)• The concrete, instrumentally measurable
physical properties and production of speech sounds (Odden, 2005:4)
• The study of production, transmission and reception of speech sounds (Todd, 1995:13)
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1. Upper Teeth (Dentum) Dental2. Lower Teeth (Dentum) Dental3. Uvula Uvular4. Blade of the Tongue (Laminum)
Laminal5. Back of the Tongue (Dorsum) Dorsal6. Middle of the Tongue (Medium)
Medium7. Tip of the Tongue (Apex) Apikal
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1. Tip (apex) apikal2. Blade (lamina/ laminum) laminal
3. Middle (medium) medial4. Back (dorsum) dorsal
Subdivisions of the Tongue
VowelsProduced with
a relatively free flow of air
Consonants
Formed when the air stream is restricted at some points between the vocal cords and the lips
Difthongs‘Combined’
vowel sounds
SEGMENTAL SOUNDS
VoicingVoicedSounds
which are made with
vocal fold vibration
Voiceless
Sounds made
without vocal fold vibration
Place of Articulation
BilabialThe lower and upper lips approach or touch each other as in the sounds [p], [b], and [m]
Place of Articulation
LabiodentalThe lower lip approaches or touches the upper teeth as in the sounds [f] and [v]
Place of Articulation
Dental and InterdentalThe tip or blade of the tongue approaches or touches the upper teeth as in the sounds [θ] and [ð]
Place of Articulation
AlveolarThe tongue tip approaches or touches the alveolar ridge, the ridge immediately behind the upper teeth as in the sounds [t], [d], and [n], [s], [z] and [l]
Place of Articulation
PalatalThe body of the tongue approaches or touches the hard palate as in [j]. The tongue body approaches the hard palate, but closely enough to create turbulence in the airstream.
Place of Articulation
VelarThe body of the tongue approaches or touches the soft palate, or velum as in [k], [ɡ], and [ŋ].
Place of Articulation
GlottalThe glottis is the opening between the vocal folds. In an [h], this opening is narrow enough to create some turbulence in the airstream flowing past the vocal folds.
Manners of Articulation: Fricatives (Think Friction)
Labiodental: f v Alveolar: s z Palato-alveolar or post-alveolar: ʃ Ʒ
Manners of Articulation:
AffricativesA combination of stop + fricative:
ʧ = voiceless post-alveolar affricateʤ = voiced post-alveolar affricate