intro to metabolism
TRANSCRIPT
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INTRODUCTION TO
METABOLISMDepartemen Fisiologi
Fakultas Kedokteran USU
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Metabolism
ALL CHEMICAL REACTIOS ECESSAR!
TO MAITAI LIFE Ana"oli# rea#tions $ s%nt&esis o'
larger mole#ules 'rom smaller ones
Cata"oli# rea#tions $ &%drol%sis o'#omple( stru#tures into simpler ones
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Metabolism
Cellular respiration $ 'ood 'uels are "roken
do)n )it&in #ells and some o' t&e energ%
is #aptured to produ#e AT*
En+%mes s&i't t&e &ig&,energ% p&osp&ate
groups o' AT* to ot&er mole#ulesT&ese p&osp&or%lated mole#ules are
a#ti-ated to per'orm #ellular 'un#tions
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AT* 'un#tions . /energ% #urren#%0 in meta"olism
gl%#ogen
glu#ose
La#ti# a#id 1 p%ru-i# a#id
A#et%l,CoA
Deaminated
Amino a#ids
Ot&er su"strate
CO23H2O
AT*
AM*
Energ% 'or .
45 S%nt&esis 6 gro)t&
25 Mus#ular #ontra#tion
75 8landular se#retion
95 er-e #ondu#tion
:5 A#ti-e a"sorption
;5Et#
*&osp&o#reatine
#reatine 3*O9
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Stages of Metabolism
Energy-containing nutrients are processed inthree major stages :
Digestion – breakdown of food; nutrientsare transported to tissues
Anabolism and formation of catabolicintermediates where nutrients are:Built into lipids proteins and glycogen
Broken down by catabolic pathways to pyru!icacid and acetyl "oA
#$idati!e breakdown – nutrients arecataboli%ed to carbon dio$ide water and
A&'
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Stages of
Metabolism
Figure 24!
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Absoprtive and Postabsorptive
States(etabolic controls e)uali%e bloodconcentrations of nutrients between twostates
Absorpti!e &he time during and shortly after nutrient
intake
'ostabsorpti!e &he time when the *+ tract is empty
Energy sources are supplied by the
breakdown of body reser!es
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Absorptive State ,“Fed State” : Anabolic Processes
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Absoprtive State
&he major metabolic thrust is anabolismand energy storage Amino acids become proteins
*lycerol and fatty acids are con!erted totriglycerides
*lucose is stored as glycogen
Dietary glucose is the major energy fuel
E$cess amino acids are deaminated andused for energy or stored as fat in the li!er
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,e!ersible pathways shift to anabolicprocesses
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"ri#$i%al "at&'a(s of t&e Absor%ti)e State
Figure 24*+b
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"ri#$i%al "at&'a(s of t&e Absor%ti)e State I# mus$le,
Ami#o a$i-s be$ome %rotei#
.lu$ose is $o#)erte- to gl($oge#
I# t&e li)er,
Ami#o a$i-s be$ome %rotei# or are -eami#ate- to
/eto a$i-s
.lu$ose is store- as gl($oge# or $o#)erte- to fat
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"ri#$i%al "at&'a(s of t&e Absor%ti)e State I# a-i%ose tissue,
.lu$ose a#- fats are $o#)erte- a#- store- as fat
All tissues use glu$ose to s(#t&esi0e AT"
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*osta"sorpti-e State<
/Fasted State0 . Cata"oli#
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Postabsorptive State,
&he major metabolic thrust is catabolismand replacement of fuels in the blood
'roteins are broken down to amino acids &riglycerides are turned into glycerol and
fatty acids
*lycogen becomes glucose
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*lucose is pro!ided by glycogenolysis andgluconeogenesis
atty acids and ketones are the majorenergy fuels
Amino acids are con!erted to glucose in the
li!er 'athways shift to maintain energy for
metabolism
.torage → glucose in blood → organs in
need
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"ri#$i%le "at&'a(s i# t&e "ostabsor%ti)e State
Figure 2421b
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"ri#$i%le "at&'a(s i# t&e
"ostabsor%ti)e State I# mus$le,
"rotei# is bro/e# -o'# to ami#o a$i-s
.l($oge# is $o#)erte- to AT" a#- %(ru)i$
a$i- la$ti$ a$i- i# a#aerobi$ states3
.lu$ose from t&e li)er is use- b( t&e #er)ous
s(stem to ge#erate AT"
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"ri#$i%le "at&'a(s i# t&e
"ostabsor%ti)e State
I# t&e li)er,
Ami#o a$i-s %(ru)i$ a$i- store- gl($oge# a#-
fat are $o#)erte- i#to glu$ose Fat is $o#)erte- i#to /eto a$i-s t&at are use- to
ma/e AT"
Fatt( a$i-s from a-i%ose tissue3 a#- /eto#e bo-ies from t&e li)er3 are use- i# most tissue
to ma/e AT"
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DOMINATION OF INSULIN & GLUCAGON IN
METABOLIC INTERACTION
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Regulation by other hormones
Adrenalin < Cortisol8ro)t& &ormone Testosterone T&%roid &ormones
=
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