INTRODUCTION AND BACKGROUND

OF CCOP-KIGAM UnCon PROJECT- Assessment of Shale Energy Resources in Asia –

UnCon Project Phase II

by

Byeong-Kook Son (kook simply)

from

KOREA INSTITUTE OF GEOSCIENCE AND

MINERAL RESOURCES (KIGAM)

UnCon11 Meeting and Workshop, UnCon Project Phase II

The Unconventional Oil and Gas Project was

proposed in 2014 at the 63rd Steering Committee

Meeting held in Kosopo, PNG by Dr. Y J Lee from

KIGAM

PROPOSAL OF UnCon Project

CCOP-KIGAM Unconventional Oil and Gas Project:

1st Phase: Mapping of black shale formations for the

prediction of shale resources

UnCon Project, Phase I

Purpose: Identifying and

mapping of potentially

prospective shale

resource basins in the

CCOP region

Duration: Three years

from 2015 to 2017

Process

Prospective shale basin and

formation selection

Shale basins and formations mapping on GIS

Shale formation data

collection

field trip

Data Collection and

AnalysisCapacity Building

Assessment

methodology

Mineral quantification

method

QGIS mapping method

XRD mineral

quantification

Rock-Eval Organic

matter analysis

Sample Collection and

Analysis

UnCon PROJECT

Performance: Nine(9) meetings and workshops, field

trips, training, sample analysis, and GIS mapping of

shale basins and formations.

SHALE SAMPLES FROM EACH COUNTRY

Organic Properties determined by Rock-Eval Pyrolyis

TOC

Kerogen Type

Maturity

CRUDE ROCK Minerals

Kerogen

Gas

Oil

PYROLYSIS UNDERINERT CONDITION

OXIDATION

Residual Kerogen

He

O2

CO2

600 C

300 C

600 C

F.I.D.

T.C.D.

HCS0

S4

S1

S2

PYROLYZED ORG.C

RESIDUAL ORG.C

TOTAL ORG.C

Tmax

Mineral content determination by X-ray powder

diffraction (XRD) with Siroquant Software

Tmax

Cambodia

Indonesia

Malaysia

Thailand

Japan

Lao PDR

Philippines

Vietnam

0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700

C-1

C-2

C-3

I-1

I-2

I-3

J-1

J-2

J-3

L-1

L-2

M-1

M-2

M-3

M-4

T-1

T-2

T-3

T-4

T-5

V-1

P-1

Overmature (?) Good

Bad

Bad

Bad

Carbonate minerals

Clay minerals

Quartz+ Feldspar

calcareous or

dolomite mudstone

argillaceous marlstone

siliceous marlstone

argillaceous mudstone

siliceous mudstone

Comparison with US Shales

CAPACITY BUILDINGS AT PHASE I MEETINGS

US case: Chris Schenk from USGS UK case: Ed Hough from BGS

Mineral quantification: Tim Black from

Australia QGIS: Kook from KIGAM

Mapping with freely downloadable SW, QGIS

ACHIVEMENTS: USB Publication

INSIDE USB

QGIS software - 64 bit and 32 bit

MAP GUIDE - How to display the GIS map of

shale basins

GIS maps of Shale Basins - shape files

Basin Description - 46 shale basins identified

Asian Shale Basins Map on QGIS

USB file: ShaleResourceMap/Asian Basin/Asian basins

Maps include Five GIS layers

Basin Boundary Map (vector)

Maps include Five GIS layers

Shale Boundary Map (vector)

Maps include Five GIS layers

Cross Section (raster)

Maps include Five GIS layers

Sample Location and Analysis Data(vector, delimited text)

Description of the Shale Basins Identified

Description of 46

Shale Basins:

Basin Location

Geological Setting

Stratigraphy

Shale Formation

MAP GUIDE

Description about

How to display maps

on QGIS software

Install QGIS

Getting Started

How to display maps

WORKS for SHALE RESOURCES ASSESSMENT

Shale Formation Mapping – volume calculation

Characterization – sweet spot areas determination

Assessment – resources calculation

PREPARATION OF PHASE II

Asian shale basin map was successfully

completed with the outcome of USB

flash drive as a result of the first phase.

After that, the UnCon project went to the

second phase, which is a shale

resources calculation and assessment

on the identified shale basins.

The 2nd Phase, Assessment of Shale Energy

Resources in Asia, was launched in the last April in

Bangkok

LAUNCH of Phase II

CCOP-KIGAM Unconventional Oil and Gas Project:

2nd Phase: Assessment of Shale Energy Resources

in Asia

UnCon Project, Phase II

Purpose: Calculation

and estimation of

gas/oil amounts in the

potentially prospective

shale formations in the

CCOP region

Duration: Three years

from 2018 to 2020

Shale Resources Calculation and Assessment

Shale resource estimate is fundamentally a

calculation of the amount of gas or oil in the

ground based on geologic information

Volumetric calculation (productive shale V)

by multiplying controlling factors

Shale area(subsurface) X thickness X

porosity X gas/oil saturation X

temperature/pressure correction

Recovery factors generally conjectural

TWO DIFFERENT METHODOLOGY

USGS Methodology: Top-down approach

Technically recoverable resource estimates based on

well technology, well performance, and well density

EIA/BGS Methodology: Bottom-up approach

In-place resource estimates based on a geological

model, volumes and gas contents

In the Phase I, the UnCon Project has ever

decided to follow the EIA/BGS methodology.

No production data are yet available in Asia

BGS Methodology for estimating the in-place shale gas resource

SHALE VOLUME CALCULATION (UK CASE)

Identification and mapping of potentially-prospective

shale gas units from well information

Mapping the top and base of units to enter into a

3D model

Mapping the shale component as a proportion of

the seismically mapped unit

Minimum cut-off where Ro > 1.1% (max cutoff of

Ro > 3.5% never exceeded)

Minimum depth cut-off

Establishing the Areal Extent of Major Shale Gas

and Shale Oil Formations

The regional cross-sections can be used to define the

lateral extent of the shale formation in the basin

and/or to identify the regional depth and gross interval

of the shale formation

Shale Resources Calculation and Assessment

In general, the total volume of potentially productive

shale can be estimated using a 3D geological

model, which is generated using seismic mapping,

integrated with outcrop and deep borehole

information.

But, the data availability is

different from country to

country, thus causing a

problem with uncertainty.

The data-poor shale

formations will lead to high-

uncertainty assessments

PROCESS: First Step, Shale Volume Calculation

Selection of target

basins and shale

formations: 13 basins

and 21 shale

formations

Shale volume

calculations: available

data and methods

based on the data

availability

Available Literature and Data

Shale Volume Calculation

PROCESS: Shale Volume Calculation

Today, the results will

be presented,

discussed, and agreed

at this workshop.

When we exchange

knowledge and ideas

at UnCon meetings

and workshops, we

can get more

sophisticated

calculations and thus

enhance the quality of

assessment

Available Data

Shale Volume Calculation

TARGET BASINS AND FORMATIONS

Country Selected Basins # Shale Formation Shale Type Age

1. Cambodia 1. Tonle Sap 1

Kuchinarai Group ? TRIASSIC

Si That ? Late Carboniferus / Lower Permiano

1. China 1. Si Chuan 1 Wufeng - Longmaxi Gas Upper Ordovician - Lower Silurian

1. Indonesia1. Jambi Sub-Basin

(in South Sumatera Basin)1

LahatOil & Gas

Eocene

Talang Akar Oligocene

1. Japan 1. Akita-Yamagata 1 Onnagawa Oil (Gas?) Late Miocene

1. Korea 1. Gyeongsang 1 Jinju Gas Cretaceous (Data Poor)

1. Lao PDR 1. Saravan-Attapeu 1Namthong

Oil & Gas Permo-CarboniferousNalang

1. Malaysia 1. Sarawak 1 Setap Gas Miocene

1. Myanmar 1. Salin 1 Yaw Oil & Gas Eocene

1. Papua New Guinea 1. Papuan 1

Imburu

Oil & Gas Jurassic to Lower CretaceousKoi-Iange

Barikewa

1. Philippines 1. Visayan 1

Malubog Gas Early Miocene to Late Oligocene

Toledo Oil & Gas Middle Miocene to Late Oligocene

1. Thailand

1. Phu Phra - Mukdahan

2Triassic Pre - Khorat Gas Triassic

1. Phitsanulok Chumsang Oil & Gas Early Miocene

1. Vietnam 1. An Chau 1

Mia Le

Gas

Devonian

Lang Son

Triassic

Van Lang

NEXT STEP: CALCULATION OF GAS AMOUNTS

(Total- Gas-In-Place) IN SHALE

Free Gas

Shale area X thickness X gas-filled porosity X gas

expansion factor (depth dependent)

Adsorbed Gas

Area(subsurface) X thickness X rock density X

adsorbed gas content of shale (volume of gas/weight of

shale)

Monte Carlo Simulation

Statistical calculation

to determine GIIP

Learn from KIGAM

The UnCon project have come into the Phase II

Knowledge and ideas can be obtained from the

UK case.

Thirteen basins and twenty one shale formations

have been selected for initial shale volume

calculations

Shale volume calculation will be presented at

UnCon 11 meeting

Next step will be calculations and estimation of

the gas and oil amounts in the shale formations

SUMMARY

MANY THANKS

FOR ATTENTION!

UnCon11 Meeting and Workshop, UnCon Project Phase II