introduction and evaluation of tomato germplasm by...

InnovativeAgricultureResearchInitiative(iAGRI)CollaborativeResearchWorkshop

April28‐29,2016

Introduction and evaluation of tomato germplasm by participatory mother-

baby trials in the Morogoro Region of Tanzania

Anna Testen, Delphina Mamiro, Hosea Mtui , Ernest Mbega, Babu Selemani, Jackson Nahson, David

Francis Sal ly Mi l ler

Collaborative Research Final WorkshopApril 28‐19, 2016

ContentsBackgroundProject objectiveLocationResearch Findings Baseline Survey Tomato Variety Evaluation


BackgroundFarmers in the Morogoro Region grow determinate,

processing type tomato varieties◦ These are predominately varieties that are susceptible to

diseases and environmental stresses◦ Farmers are growing less productive varieties than what is

currently availableParticipatory crop improvement efforts usually focus

on grain crops, such as maize and rice◦ Can we develop a framework for participatory crop

improvement for horticultural crops, focusing on tomato in the Morogoro Region?


Project ObjectiveDetermine the adaptability of currently available open-pollinated and hybrid tomato germplasm with known disease resistance characteristics to local conditions and pathogen populations in the Morogoro region◦ Conducted a baseline survey to gather information on current tomato

production practices in Morogoro (Five villages)◦ Conducted a series of participatory variety selection trials to evaluate

the performance of tomato varieties in the Morogoro Region (Three villages)


Baseline Survey◦ Conducted in all five villages◦ Twenty farmers per village◦ Questions on tomato production practices, pesticide

usage, diseases, and soil management


Baseline Survey (1)Characteristic

Village in the Morogoro Region, Tanzania

Msongozi Msufini Mabana Mlali Kibagala

Gender 7 F, 11 M, 2 5 F, 15 M 1 F, 19 M 11 F, 9 M 4 F, 17 M

Age18-33: 434-49: 1350-65+: 3

18-33: 634-49: 850-65+: 6

18-33: 934-49: 550-65+: 6

18-33: 634-49: 1150-65+: 3

18-33: 634-49: 950-65+: 6

Education Level

None: 0Primary: 20Secondary: 0Tertiary: 0





Field size (acres)

1.47 (1.22, 0.5-6)

0.86 (0.62, 0.25-2.5)

3.49 (5.12, 1-18)

1.24 (1.68, 0.25-8)

1.31 (0.83, 0.5-4)

Years of experience 10 (7, 3-29) 8 (7, 2-30) 6 (6, 1-20) 11 (9, 1-30) 10 (9, 2-45)


Baseline Survey (2)

Characteristic

Village in the Morogoro Region, Tanzania

Msongozi Msufini Mabana Mlali Kibagala

Varieties (number of farmers growing that variety)

Onyx (17), Tanya (5), Mwanga (2), Hybrid (1), CalJVF (11), other (3)

Onyx (14), Tanya (3), Roma (2), Mwanga (5), CalJ VF (6), Tenger 97 (1), other (5)

Onyx (7), Tanya (14), Roma (1), Rio Grande(2), CalJ VF (6), other (5)

Onyx (15), Roma (1), Rio Grande(9), Mwanga (3), Hybrid (3), CalJVF (3), other (3)

Onyx (3), Tanya (6), Roma (1), Rio Grand(14), Mwanga (7), Hybrid (5), CalJVF (3)

Yield per acre (number of tengas1 per acre)

222 (137, 60-500)

174 (172, 30-700)

184 (120, 30-400)

200 (103, 85-500) 109 (79, 6-350)

Crops rotated

Rice or maize (8), rice (3), maize (6), vegetables (1)

Rice or maize (4), rice (6), maize (4), vegetables (4), oil crops (1)

Rice or maize (3), rice (11), maize (2), legumes (1), vegetables (3), oil crops (2)

Rice or maize (2), maize (8), legumes (2), vegetables (8)

Maize (3), legumes (19), vegetables (11),


How do farmers select varieties?Baseline survey top three characteristics◦ Fruit size (60% of respondents, n = 79)◦ Transportability (56%)◦ Keeping quality (53%)

Mother-baby trial participants top three characteristics◦ Yield (77% of respondents, n = 31)◦ Disease resistance (68%)◦ Durability for storage and transport (61%)


Participatory Variety Selection Trials (PVS)With PVS:◦ Farmers immediately involved in the variety selection process◦ Decreases time for selection, increases variety acceptability

Mother-baby trials◦ Developed by Dr. Sieglinde Snapp to

evaluate soil fertility management in Malawi◦ 3 villages (Msufini, Mabana, Msongozi)◦ 3 test varieties◦ 2 OSU inbred lines and MT56

◦ 7 local varieties


The Mother-Baby Trial DesignMother Trials: Randomized, complete block design

•Farmer compares test varieties to preferred local variety•Farmer managed•Qualitative data on crop traits

•All local varieties compared to test varieties•Researcher dictated management•Quantitative data on crop traits

Baby Trials: Randomized design

Test Varieties


0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 4 4.5 5

Tengeru 97

Assila F1

Onyx

Tanya

Mwanga

Cal J

OH7870

Roma

MT56

OH8243

Yield (kg/plant)A

AB

AB

ABC

ABC

BC

BC

CD

DE

E


0 10 20 30 40 50 60

OH8243

MT56

Assila F1

OH7870

Roma

Tengeru 97

Mwanga

Tanya

Cal J

Onyx

Percent Incidence

Early Blight Incidence (Early season evaluation)

A

A

A

AB

ABC

ABCD

BCD

CD

CD

D


0 5 10 15 20 25

Assila F1

MT56

Tengeru 97

OH7870

OH8243

Tanya

Roma

Onyx

Mwanga

Cal J

Percent Severity

Early Blight Severity (Late season evaluation)

BC

BCD

CDE

DEF

EFG

FG

FG

G

A

AB


26.5 27 27.5 28 28.5 29 29.5

Tanya

Mwanga

MT56

OH7870

Onyx

Roma

Cal J

Assila F1

Tengeru 97

OH8243

Number of plants (30 max)

Stand Counts

A

A

A

A

AB

AB

AB

AB

AB

B


60 65 70 75 80 85

Tanya

Tengeru 97

Roma

Mwanga

OH7870

Onyx

Cal J

MT56

Assila F1

OH8243

Percent Flowering or FruitingA

A

AB

ABC

ABC

ABC

ABC

BC

C

C

Percent flowering/fruiting


2.2 2.3 2.4 2.5 2.6 2.7 2.8 2.9 3

Tanya

MT56

OH8243

Onyx

OH7870

Mwanga

Roma

Cal J

Assila F1

Tengeru 97

VigorA

ABC

AB

ABC

ABCD

BCD

BCD

BCD

CD

D

Vigor rating (Scale 1-3)


0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

Assila F1

OH7870

Roma

Tanya

MT56

OH8243

Onyx

Mwanga

Cal J

Tengeru 97

Percent of leaf area with insect damage

Insect Damage (End of season evaluation)A

AB

AB

AB

AB

AB

B

B

B

B


Can MBT be used in a tomato breeding program?

A random effects ANOVA model can be used to calculate variance components

Variance components can be used to determine if a genetic signal is detectable for further breeding and can be used to calculate heritability

Heritability estimates◦ Yield: 0.74◦ EB incidence: 0.71◦ EB severity: 0.90

YieldEarly blight incidence (early season)

Early blight severity (late season)

Variance Component Variance

Percent of Total Variance Variance

Percent of Total Variance Variance

Percent of Total Variance

Variety0.32 (0.57) 8.11%

114.04 (10.67) 6.08%

29.90(5.47) 26.16%

Farmer2.24 (1.50) 57.03%

928.75 (30.48) 49.48%

27.62 (5.26) 24.16%

Variety: Farmer

0.33 (0.58) 8.41%

11.76 (3.43) 0.63%

7.46 (2.73) 6.52%

Rep in Farmer0.39 (0.63) 10.0%

370.90 (19.26) 19.76%

25.98 (5.10) 22.73%

Error0.65 (0.81) 16.46%

451.48 (21.24) 24.05%

23.34 (4.83) 20.42%


Baby Trial Rankings1. Vigor2. Management3. Yield4. First to Harvest5. Harvest Period6. Diseases7. Insects8. Fruit Quality: Eating9. Fruit Quality: Food Preparation10.Fruit Quality: Marketing11.Fruit Size12.Fruit Color13.Storage Quality14.Salability15.Profitability16.Overall Preference


Vigor

OH8243 Local OH7870 MT56

Ease of Management

OH8243 Local OH7870 MT56

Yield

OH8243 OH7870 Local MT56

Best Ranking Worst Ranking

Same color indicates no difference in rankings

First to Harvest

OH8243 OH7870 MT56 Local

Baby Trial Rankings(1)


Harvest Period

Local OH7870 OH8243 MT56

Diseases

OH8243 OH7870 MT56 Local



Insects

MT56 Local OH8243 OH7870

Fruit quality for eating

OH8243 Local MT56 OH7870

Baby Trial Rankings (2)


Fruit quality for food preparation

MT56 OH8243 Local OH7870



Fruit quality for marketing


Fruit size


Fruit color

OH8243 OH7870 Local MT56

Baby Trial Rankings(3)


Storage quality


Salability


Profitability


Overall Preference




Baby Trial Rankings (4)


Variety AdoptionMsufini Msongozi Mabana

Farmers interviewed 9 10 9

Farmers that saved and grew any introduced varieties 8 8 3

Farmers that grew OH8243 6 7 2

Farmers that grew OH7870 7 5 2

Farmers that grew MT56 3 1 2

Farmers that distributed seeds 8 3 0

Farmers that received seed from MBT participants 47 5 0

Distributions of OH8243 (Number of farmers that received this variety)

21 5 0

Distributions of OH7870 26 3 0

Distributions of MT56 4 0 0


ConclusionsFrom the baseline survey, we have a better understanding Morogoro farmers’ tomato production practicesThe mother‐baby trials were an effective tool to introduce and evaluate tomato varieties◦ Good farmer participation◦ Farmers continued to grow introduced varieties following the conclusion of the trials


RecommendationsExpand mother‐baby trials◦ To more tomato varieties◦ To other horticultural crops, such as onion, melon, etc.Mother‐baby trials are time and resource intensive so training and extensive planning is required before conducting these trials◦ Workshop on conducting mother‐baby trials

28

Plant Pathology

Funding

Dr. Sally Miller Dr. Brian McSpadden Gardener Dr. David Francis Dr. Steve Culman

Dr. Delphina MamiroDr. Hosea MtuiJackson Nahson

Dr. Danny CoyneDr. Fen Beed

Dr. Ernest Mbega

Collaborators

U.S. Borlaug Fellows in Global Food Security Graduate Student Research Grant

introduction and evaluation of tomato germplasm by...

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