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Introduction of Desulfurization Process Appropriate for China KOGAKUIN UNIVERSITY Masayoshi Sadakata June 30, 2007 International symposium on Global Innovation Ecosystem 2007

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Page 1: Introduction of Desulfurization Process Appropriate …Integrated Evaluation Platform for Environmental Improvement Technology Fig. Conceptual diagram of integrated model that evaluate

Introduction of DesulfurizationProcess Appropriate for China

KOGAKUIN UNIVERSITYMasayoshi Sadakata

June 30, 2007

International symposium on Global Innovation Ecosystem 2007

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Theory of Tunnel RouteTheory of Tunnel Route

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Tunnel Route

GDP/head

CO

2/he

ad(K

g-C

)

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104

103

102

10

103 104 105 106

CO

2/he

ad(K

g-C

)

GDP/head

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HDI

GNP/head

$

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Hum

an D

evel

opm

ent

GDP per head

Tunnel Route

CO2 Emission per head

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Robert Robert SolowSolow (Nobel Prize of (Nobel Prize of Economics)Economics)

““The only origin of a long term economic The only origin of a long term economic growth is a technology progressgrowth is a technology progress..””

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For Implementation of Tunnel RouteFor Implementation of Tunnel Route

1) Industry Using CO2 and Natural Energy

2) Production-Type Environmental Technology

3) Environmental Industry

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Why does the destruction of Why does the destruction of environment progress in the environment progress in the developing countries?developing countries?

－The Mechanism of Rapid Environmental Destruction in Asian Developing Countries －

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Population Increase l Pollution

Poverty of Farm LandDecrease of Productivity

Disappearance of Forest

Chain Cycle to Environmental Destruction of TownChain Cycle to Environmental Destruction of Town--VillageVillage--ForestForest

Outflow of Population Outflow of Surface SoilOutflow of Population Outflow of Surface Soil

Increase of Increase of

Cultivated LandCultivated Land

Air and Water PollutionAir and Water Pollution

TownTown Farm VillageFarm Village ForestForest

Soil PollutionSoil Pollution

Page 11: Introduction of Desulfurization Process Appropriate …Integrated Evaluation Platform for Environmental Improvement Technology Fig. Conceptual diagram of integrated model that evaluate
Page 12: Introduction of Desulfurization Process Appropriate …Integrated Evaluation Platform for Environmental Improvement Technology Fig. Conceptual diagram of integrated model that evaluate
Page 13: Introduction of Desulfurization Process Appropriate …Integrated Evaluation Platform for Environmental Improvement Technology Fig. Conceptual diagram of integrated model that evaluate
Page 14: Introduction of Desulfurization Process Appropriate …Integrated Evaluation Platform for Environmental Improvement Technology Fig. Conceptual diagram of integrated model that evaluate
Page 15: Introduction of Desulfurization Process Appropriate …Integrated Evaluation Platform for Environmental Improvement Technology Fig. Conceptual diagram of integrated model that evaluate
Page 16: Introduction of Desulfurization Process Appropriate …Integrated Evaluation Platform for Environmental Improvement Technology Fig. Conceptual diagram of integrated model that evaluate

Environmental Cleanup of Ocher PlateauEnvironmental Cleanup of Ocher Plateau

TownTown Farm VillageFarm Village ForestForest

Food, Agricultural Products, Energy

Fertilizer, Forest Products

Fertilizer, Improver Improver

Environmental CleanupEnvironmental CleanupModeration of Moderation of PopulaPopulattionion

Environmental CleanupEnvironmental CleanupEconomical DevelopmentEconomical Development

Environmental Cleanup Environmental Cleanup Increase of Forest AreaIncrease of Forest Area

Simplified Simplified DesurfurizationDesurfurizationMethodMethodSmall clearSmall clear--water methodwater method

Soil Improvement Soil Improvement MethodMethodBiobriquetBiobriquet Technology Technology

Regeneration of ForestRegeneration of ForestUse of Forest ProductsUse of Forest Products

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Conditions for Solution of Environmental Problem of Asian Developing Countries

① Economical Development of Farm Village

② Industrial Development Harmonized with

Agriculture Development（Agriculture has been destroyed by industrial development so far.）

③ Realization of Symbiosis Relationship between

Town, Farm village and Forest

④ Policy and Technology leading Incentive of

Regional People

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Contribution of Industrial Technology to Agriculture Development

－Use of Industrial By-Products for Agriculture－

Research Profile of Sadakata Lab.1) Improvement of Alkali Soil Using Gypsum2) Technology for the Prevention of Sea

Desertification using Converter Slug

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Environmental Problems in China

Air Pollution Desertification

Food Problem

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2001年

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Page 22: Introduction of Desulfurization Process Appropriate …Integrated Evaluation Platform for Environmental Improvement Technology Fig. Conceptual diagram of integrated model that evaluate
Page 23: Introduction of Desulfurization Process Appropriate …Integrated Evaluation Platform for Environmental Improvement Technology Fig. Conceptual diagram of integrated model that evaluate

Background of ResearchBackground of Research

Air Pollution Problem

Introduction of DeSOx Plant

By-Product (gypsum)

Alkali Soil ProblemAlkali Soil (Na Accumulated)Alkali Soil (Na Accumulated)

Solution of Food Problem

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Performed by Fukuya Iino

0% 0.5% 1.0% 1.5% 2.0% 2.5% 5.0%

Effect of Gypsum on the growth of the wheat

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Page 26: Introduction of Desulfurization Process Appropriate …Integrated Evaluation Platform for Environmental Improvement Technology Fig. Conceptual diagram of integrated model that evaluate
Page 27: Introduction of Desulfurization Process Appropriate …Integrated Evaluation Platform for Environmental Improvement Technology Fig. Conceptual diagram of integrated model that evaluate

Recent Situation (2004)

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NewNew System of Utilizing Gypsum from System of Utilizing Gypsum from DesulfurizationDesulfurizationProcess for improvement of a Sodium SoilProcess for improvement of a Sodium Soil

Coal Combustion Power Plant

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Page 30: Introduction of Desulfurization Process Appropriate …Integrated Evaluation Platform for Environmental Improvement Technology Fig. Conceptual diagram of integrated model that evaluate

Annual Costs of two Desulfurization Plants （Boiler output: 100MW）

1) Years of depreciation: 10 Year2) Input SO2 Concentration: 1000ppm

Efficiency: 90% (for Wet Lime-Gypsum Process),70% (for Simplified Wet Process)

Wet Lime-Gypsum Process

Simplified Wet Process

Equipment Cost１） 200 Million Yen 140 Million Yen Operating Cost 84 Million Yen 69 Million Yen Total 284 Million Yen 209 Million Yen Desulfurization Cost２）

(Yen/kg-SO2) 39.4 Yen 29.0 Yen

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Case Study－An Application Example to Inner Mongoliaー

Model Area： BaotouTotal Production of Electricity： 500 MWCoal Usage： 160 million ton/yearGypsum Production： 75,400 ton/yearGypsum Requirement： 12.4 ton/yearEnlargement of Farmland: 6,080ha/year（=55,000 person/year)

(0.11ha/per farmer)

Absorption of CO2: A 30A 30--year soil improvementyear soil improvement would would be comparable to be comparable to the absorption of total COthe absorption of total CO22 emissionemissionfrom a power plant.from a power plant.

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Page 33: Introduction of Desulfurization Process Appropriate …Integrated Evaluation Platform for Environmental Improvement Technology Fig. Conceptual diagram of integrated model that evaluate

内蒙农业大学科技园区内蒙农业大学科技园区

20052005年未施和施用脱硫渣的苜蓿地对照年未施和施用脱硫渣的苜蓿地对照

Page 34: Introduction of Desulfurization Process Appropriate …Integrated Evaluation Platform for Environmental Improvement Technology Fig. Conceptual diagram of integrated model that evaluate

银川前进农场碱化地的改造效果

Page 35: Introduction of Desulfurization Process Appropriate …Integrated Evaluation Platform for Environmental Improvement Technology Fig. Conceptual diagram of integrated model that evaluate
Page 36: Introduction of Desulfurization Process Appropriate …Integrated Evaluation Platform for Environmental Improvement Technology Fig. Conceptual diagram of integrated model that evaluate
Page 37: Introduction of Desulfurization Process Appropriate …Integrated Evaluation Platform for Environmental Improvement Technology Fig. Conceptual diagram of integrated model that evaluate

Development of Novel Development of Novel DeSOxDeSOxProcess Applicable to ChinaProcess Applicable to China

1) DeSOx Process from Flue Gas1. Water Film Method2. TT Process3. Chain Reaction Process

2) Biobriquet Combustion

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Conditions of Conditions of DeSOxDeSOx Technology Technology Applicable to ChinaApplicable to China

1) Low Cost2) Dry Process (Water-Saving Type)3) Valuable By-Products

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Page 40: Introduction of Desulfurization Process Appropriate …Integrated Evaluation Platform for Environmental Improvement Technology Fig. Conceptual diagram of integrated model that evaluate

Purpose of the ResearchThe purpose of this research is as follows: The purpose of this research is as follows:

to construct technologies which could solve the following three problems all at once; breakdown of the recycling mechanism of feces breakdown of the recycling mechanism of feces and urine from cities in Ocher Plateau to farm villagesand urine from cities in Ocher Plateau to farm villages, indoor air indoor air pollution by direct combustion of biomass, and sediment dischargpollution by direct combustion of biomass, and sediment discharge e by depletion of forestby depletion of forest; to establish the frame work of society in order to popularize them on site.

More specifically it means the introduction of such technologies introduction of such technologies developed in Japandeveloped in Japan as

(1) production of liquid fertilizer from feces and urine(1) production of liquid fertilizer from feces and urine, and(2) production of (2) production of biobriquetsbiobriquets,

to solve the problems of excrement and indoor air pollution.This research also aims at the greening by soil improvement using the the greening by soil improvement using the gypsum which is generated by the combustion of liquid fertilizergypsum which is generated by the combustion of liquid fertilizer and and biobriquetsbiobriquets.

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Water Film Desulfurization Process in Shenyang 2000

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Page 43: Introduction of Desulfurization Process Appropriate …Integrated Evaluation Platform for Environmental Improvement Technology Fig. Conceptual diagram of integrated model that evaluate

Demonstrators of Simplified Demonstrators of Simplified DeSOxDeSOxProcess Process

1st Plant: 1st Plant: Shenyang Shenyang ((AnhuiAnhui Province) Province)

2nd Plant: Nanning(Guangxi Autonomous Region)

3rd Plant: Hangzhou(Zhejiang Province)

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GAS IN ProcessGAS IN Process

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南宁冶炼厂烟气脱硫南宁冶炼厂烟气脱硫

Page 46: Introduction of Desulfurization Process Appropriate …Integrated Evaluation Platform for Environmental Improvement Technology Fig. Conceptual diagram of integrated model that evaluate

杭州钢铁厂烟气脱硫杭州钢铁厂烟气脱硫

Page 47: Introduction of Desulfurization Process Appropriate …Integrated Evaluation Platform for Environmental Improvement Technology Fig. Conceptual diagram of integrated model that evaluate

TT ProcessTT ProcessFeatures

•Higher SOxRemoval Efficiency (>70%) in the dry process

•Auto-Isolation of By-Product

Because of pulverization, generated gypsum is automatically isolated in the cyclone.

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TT Process TT Process Circulating Fluidized BedCirculating Fluidized Bed

CFB Reactor

Page 49: Introduction of Desulfurization Process Appropriate …Integrated Evaluation Platform for Environmental Improvement Technology Fig. Conceptual diagram of integrated model that evaluate

ＮｅｗＮｅｗ Ｓｏｌｖｅｎｔ－Ｓｏｌｖｅｎｔ－ FLASHFLASH

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Technologies Contributing to the Technologies Contributing to the Economical Development of Farm VillagesEconomical Development of Farm Villages

1) Industry Using Biomass as Resource and Natural Energy as Source of Energy

2) Industries Manufacturing Highly Added-Value Products from Agricultural Products

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Page 52: Introduction of Desulfurization Process Appropriate …Integrated Evaluation Platform for Environmental Improvement Technology Fig. Conceptual diagram of integrated model that evaluate
Page 53: Introduction of Desulfurization Process Appropriate …Integrated Evaluation Platform for Environmental Improvement Technology Fig. Conceptual diagram of integrated model that evaluate

White Coal and Ordinary White Coal and Ordinary Biobriquet Biobriquet

Page 54: Introduction of Desulfurization Process Appropriate …Integrated Evaluation Platform for Environmental Improvement Technology Fig. Conceptual diagram of integrated model that evaluate
Page 55: Introduction of Desulfurization Process Appropriate …Integrated Evaluation Platform for Environmental Improvement Technology Fig. Conceptual diagram of integrated model that evaluate

Experimental SetupExperimental Setup

Air

GasCombustion Furnace

Thermo-couple

Fuel Inlet

CH12345

6

10987

Gas

Gas

Tar Trap

Tar Trap

Gas

Com

ponent Analyzer

Gas

Highest Temperature Zone(CH2、CH7)

Page 56: Introduction of Desulfurization Process Appropriate …Integrated Evaluation Platform for Environmental Improvement Technology Fig. Conceptual diagram of integrated model that evaluate
Page 57: Introduction of Desulfurization Process Appropriate …Integrated Evaluation Platform for Environmental Improvement Technology Fig. Conceptual diagram of integrated model that evaluate
Page 58: Introduction of Desulfurization Process Appropriate …Integrated Evaluation Platform for Environmental Improvement Technology Fig. Conceptual diagram of integrated model that evaluate

Input Coefficient in the InterindustryTable

A Result of SimulationA Result of Simulation（（Introduction of Introduction of 90%90%））

Production Production by Province/Industrial OriginNumber of workersNumber of workers((nonnon--agricultureagriculture))

Number of Workers, Number of Workers, Production, and WagesProduction, and Wagesin Agricultural Sectorin Agricultural Sector

Wages by Industrial Origin

Home Goods PriceHome Goods PriceComposite Goods Composite Goods

PricePrice

Added ValueAdded Value (IncomeIncomess) by Province/Industrial Origin

Investment Investment Goods Goods

DemandDemand

Consumer SpendingConsumer Spending by Province Origin

Item of Family Budget Item of Family Budget consumptionconsumption by Province Origin

I/O Open Model (Whole Country)

SOSO22 EmissionEmission by China Province Origin

Emission of By-Product Gypsum

Data for the population

/climate

SO2 Concentration distribution in Every Large Mesh

Emission Allocated to Every Mesh

Effect of Soil Improvement

Population Datum in Every Mesh

Change Profile of Incidence/Symptom in Every Mesh

Decrease of Workers Medical Demand

Economic Model

SoilImprovement

ModelPatient

Incidence Model

Air Diffusion Model

Simulations Adopting SOSimulations Adopting SO22 Removal ActivityRemoval Activity

Soil ImprovementSoil Improvement in the Area of in the Area of 550,000 ha550,000 haIncrease of Cone ProductionIncrease of Cone Production(Equivalent to the population of ca. (Equivalent to the population of ca. 14.36 billion14.36 billion))IncidenceIncidence：：21% Decrease21% Decrease

SOxSOx：：8.0% Decrease8.0% DecreaseCOCO22：：0.6% Increase0.6% Increase

Nominal GDPNominal GDP：：2.68% Increase2.68% IncreaseReal GDPReal GDP：：0.55% Increase0.55% IncreaseInflation RateInflation Rate：：2.1%2.1%

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Overall View of the System

DecreaseLack

Large Seaweed

Sea Urchin

Fe Humic MaterialNutrient

Ocean Current Change

Rise of Water Temperature

TyphoonStormy

Weather

Influx of DirtTurbidity Rise

Essential

Chelate

Kill Spores

VanishSeaweed Beds

VanishSeaweed

Beds

Inhibitgrowth

Monopolize Sunlight

Kill Spores

Attract

Eat

Change the Flow

Protect

<competition>

Natural Phenomenon

Environmental Factor

Material Factor

Artificial Factor

Revetment Work

Landslide Prevention BarrierStraightening of

River

Coralline

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Rapid IndustrializationRapid Industrialization

Solid Waste PollutionSolid Waste PollutionAir PollutionAir Pollution Water PollutionWater Pollution

Soil PollutionSoil Pollution

Disappearance of Farm Land/ForestDisappearance of Farm Land/Forest

DesertificationDesertification

Depletion of Water Resource, Food, and FuelDepletion of Water Resource, Food, and Fuel

Disappearance of CivilizationDisappearance of Civilization

Page 61: Introduction of Desulfurization Process Appropriate …Integrated Evaluation Platform for Environmental Improvement Technology Fig. Conceptual diagram of integrated model that evaluate

Fig. Integrated evaluation platform for environmental improvement technology

Economic model

Prevention technology for air pollution

(DeSOx equipment, Bio-briquette)Air diffusion model

Model for evaluate the number of patients

Effect of soil reclamation

Environment improvement processSO2 exhaust coefficient

for each province

SO2 concentrationin subsection

Demand of medical service

Change of total labor supply

CO2 & SO2 emissions (each province and city), economic variables (GDP etc.), soil reclamation area, agricultural

production, change of the number of patients

Economic model

Prevention technology for air pollution

(DeSOx equipment, Bio-briquette)Air diffusion model

Model for evaluate the number of patients

Effect of soil reclamation

Environment improvement processSO2 exhaust coefficient

for each province

SO2 concentrationin subsection

Demand of medical service

Change of total labor supply

CO2 & SO2 emissions (each province and city), economic variables (GDP etc.), soil reclamation area, agricultural

production, change of the number of patients

IIntegrated ntegrated EEvaluation valuation PPlatform for latform for EEnvironmental nvironmental IImprovement mprovement TTechnologyechnology

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Fig. Conceptual diagram of integrated model that evaluate the introduction of desulfurization technology in China

Economic Model & Soil Reclamation ModelEconomic Model & Soil Reclamation Model

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The change of the economic variable (ex. GDP), CO2, and SO2 emissions were simulated when the desulfurization equipment and the biobriquettemanufacturing equipment were introduced into China.

In that case, the effect of the alkali soil improvement with the desulfurization waste was included. Calculated scenario (Scenario 1-4) was assumed as follows:

Economy and Economy and EEnvironmental nvironmental AAssessment ssessment of of DDesulfurization esulfurization PProcess rocess InstallationInstallation in Chinain China

Scenario 1: The desulfurization equipment (wet limestone-gypsum method) is introduced into all coal-fired stations.

(DeSOx rate: 95%, operating rate: 63%).Scenario 2: The desulfurization equipment (simple wet method (water-film ))

is introduced into all coal-fired stations. (DeSOx rate: 80%, operating rate: 63%).

Scenario 3: Biobriquette manufacturing equipment is introduced into household use (household sector). (DeSOx rate:67%)

Scenario 4: Scenario 1(>100MW)+Scenario 2(<100MW)+Scenario 3

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Table1 CO2 and SO2 change rate and the change of real GDP in each scenario

Scenario 1 Scenario 2 Scenario 3 Scenario 4

CO2 change rate (%) △ 2.97 △ 1.90 ▼ 5.69 ▼ 4.18

SO2 change rate (%) ▼ 27.6 ▼ 23.9 ▼ 8.75 ▼ 35.3Real GDP (%) △ 4.62 △ 1.16 △ 0.08 △ 1.61

Reclaimed Alkali Soil Area 15.7 18.2 17.5 34.2(103km2/year) (Ratio %)※1 (3.14) (3.64) (3.50) (6.85)

Proportion in production (%) 2.94 4.91 4.08 7.81(upper: corn, lower: rice)※2 10.7 12.4 7.34 18.7

Table2 Effect of alkali soil reclamation in each scenario

Change of COChange of CO22, SO, SO22, GDP, , GDP, CCorn orn PProduction roduction and and SSoil oil RReclamation eclamation AArea in rea in eeach ach SScenariocenario

Scenario 1 Scenario 2 Scenario 3 Scenario 4

※1 Total Area of Alkali Soil：5.0×105 km2. (Wang et al., 1991)※2 Total Corn and Rice Production is based on National Bureau of Statistics of China 2004.


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