introduction of wcdma cn r5

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WNC-002-E1

WCDMA Training —

WCDMA CN INTRODUCTION

V0510

ZTE University

3G Group


Course Objectives

Evolution of WCDMA CN

WCDMA System Structure

Comparison of WCDMA and GSM/GPRS

Interface and Protocols in R4

Main Process examples

R4 Related Technology


Standardization Organization of 3G

3GPP 3GPP2

IETF CWTS T1P1

TTA

TTC

ARIB

ETSI

ARIB

TTC

CWTS

TIA

TTA

Parlay

MWIF

UWCC

MPEG

Forum

MSF

WAP-

Forum

W3C 3GCF

LIF

TIPHON

IPv6

GSMA

GSA

3G.IP

ITU-R

WP8F ITU-T

SSG


Standardization of WCDMA--3GPP


Standardization of WCDMA--3GPP

ETSI TC SMG

T1P1

ARIB

TTA

CWTS

TTC

1998 2001

Q2

1999 2000

Q2 Q1 Q3 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q4 Q1 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q4 Q3 Q1

3GPP Release 4

3GPP Release 5 (ALL IP)

business

2001 & 2002

3GPP Release 3

(Release 1999)


The Evolution from R99 to R4

RNS RNS RNS

SCP HLR

MSC MSC TUP/ISUP

TDM

CAP Over TDM MAP Over TDM

RNS RNS

HLR SCP

MSC Server

MSC Server

MGW

RNS

MAP Over TDM/IP

CAP Over TDM/IP

TUP/ISUP/BICC

TDM/ATM/IP

TDM/ATM/IP MGW

H.248 Over ATM/IP

H.248 Over ATM/IP


GMSC Server

CS PS

R4 CN

CS PS

R5 CN in earlier stage

GGSN

SGSN MSC Server

MGW

MGW

HLR

GMSC Server

MSC Server

MGW

MGW

GGSN

SGSN

HSS CSCF

MGCF

PSTN Internet

IMS

PSTN Internet

PS

R5 CN in later stage

GGSN

SGSN

HSS

CSCF MGCF

IMS

Internet

RNS RNS RNS

IM-MGW

IM-MGW



The Evolution of CN

MSC GMSC

CS

GGSN SGSN

PS

RNS BSS RNS

BSS RNS BSS

MGW MGW

CS

GGSN SGSN

PS

MSC server

GMSC server

Billing Server

OMC

SCP

HLR

MMSC

GMLC

MGW

CS

GGSN SGSN

PS

MSC server

Billing Server

SCP

HSS GMLC

MMSC OMC

MGCF CSCF

IMS

GMSC server

R99 R4 R5

CN based on GSM

and GPRS MMS

Control and bearer are

separated in CS

IP are introduced

to CS and RNS

WCDMA migrates towards ALL IP

Billing Server

OMC

SCP

HLR

MMSC

GMLC

MGW


HLR H323 DB AAA ISP Service Layer

PSTN/Internet

MGW IPGW GGSN V-GW SGSN Bearer Layer

Control Layer IP Core Network

Accessing Layer Wireless Access WCDMA

Future Network


What can

we find ?

All-IP evolution according with the trend of NGN!

Layer Separation (Bearer/Control/Service) with the trend of

NGN!

Trend of telecommunication network!


NGN- Evolution……

Birth of NGN (Next Generation Network) – moral of the

story:

―Packet Switching infrastructure is the best for multiple

media of varying bit rates‖


From technology-driven to service-

driven

Tele. Market is approaching full-development, traditional service is

coming up to saturation, especially tone service

Tele. Technology has been developed rapidly, access solution and

bandwidth no longer become the bottleneck of the service

Huge amount of investment in ―Tele. bubble‖ resulted in a low resource

utilization efficiency, overall network development has slow down

recently

Big-scale network development is decided by its service application

Direction of future network is decided by its service application – ITU –

T ‗s definition for NGN, B3G‘s discussion on service requirements

Old tele. Network, huge amount of unused resource require new

service application


Call Control

Appl

Server

Core Packet Network

Call Control

Today: Several separate networks Tomorrow: One unified network (NGN)

Evolution

Converged Voice , Data and Video Services

Internet

Internet

PSTN

PSTN

CATV

CATV

PLMN

PLMN

OA&M

Network Evolution to NGN


Course Objectives








Iu-CS Iu-PS Gb A

H

CS PS 3G CN

GMSC

MSC

MSC

PSTN

HLR

GGSN

SGSN

GSM

Access

WCDMAU

TRAN

WCDMA R99 System Structure


MSC Function

Call

Process

Call Process、Number Translate、Route Select

EC、AMR Voice Process

Securit

y

Security Authentication、Ciphering、Integrity Protect

TMSI Reallocation

VLR Subscriber Data Management

Location Update 、MSRN/HON Allocation

MM Location Update、Hand Over、Roaming

Register

CDR CDR Collect

Saving、Format、Relay


Basic

Service

Location

Subscriber

Data

CAMEL

Subscription

CAMEL

O_CSI

T_CSI

SS_CSI

Subscriber

Authentication

Data

Authentication

Location

Update

Route

Update

Hand

Over

MM

HLR/AuC Function


R99 CN CS Signal Interface

RNS RNS

MSC NO.7 MSC

HLR SMC SCP

RANAP RANAP

TUP/ISUP

MAP CAP MAP


R99 CN CS Media Interface

GMSC MSC

PSTN TDM

RNS

AMR G.711 G.711

MSC need Transcoder between AMR and G.711


RNC

Node B

TDM/A

TM PSTN

IP

Iu-PS

Gn Gn

Gp

Gi

CG

Billing Center

Ga

HLR

MSC

GGSN

GMSC

Serving GPRS Support

Node

Gateway GPRS

Support Node

Inter-PLMN

Charging Gateway

BSC

BTS

SGSN

Gb

Internet

PS Network


SGSN Function

CDR CDR Collect

Saving, Format, Relay

MM Attach Detach, Location Management

Service Request

Data

Manage

Save, Modify, Delete Subscriber Data

Insert Subscriber Data/Cancel Location

Route

Manage PDP PDU Transfer

RR

Manage

GPRS Paging, Combined Gs Paging

RNC Radio Resource Management


GGSN Function

Routing Select, PDP PDU Transfer, Address Mapping

Tunnel Capsulate and Transfer

Subscriber Data Management

Session Management

IP Address Management

Charging Information Select

Access: Transparent/intransparent Mode Internet Access


BS

GPRS Bore

TCP/IP

SGSN/GGSN SGSN/GGSN

CG

TCP/UDP GTP'

FTAM/FTP FTAM/FTP

CG OMM Server CG OMM Client CG OMM Client

CG Function


CG Function

CG implements the following functions:

CDRs generated by GSNs collected in real time;

Buffering the CDRs

Preprocessing the CDRs, such as CDR consolidation and

filtering, deleting certain CDR fields, and modifying or

adding some CDR fields.

Transferring the CDRs to the BS.


SGSN GGSN

Backbone

Network

S-SMT-CDR S-CDR M-CDR S-SMO-CDR G-CDR

CG CDRs


R99 CN PS Signal Interface

SMC

GGSN

SGSN RNS

NO.7

HLR

MSC

GPRS

backbone

RANAP

MAP MAP

GTP-C


R99 Analyze

Advantages

Compatibility of productions now in use (GSM)

R99 System is divided to CS and PS domains

Guarantee of the QoS of RT services

Many experiences on mature technique TDM

Problems R99 does not accord with NGN

Inconvenient to upgrade to R4,R5


Iu-CS Iu-PS Gb A

H

CS PS UMTS

CN

MSC

Server

GMGW

PSTN/IS

DN

HLR

GGSN

SGSN

GSM

Access

WCDMA

UTRAN

MGW

GMSC

Server

2G NET R-SGW

T-SGW




Layered Core network architecture Control is separated from media transport & transcoding

Application Application Service Capability

Servers

Control Plane ISDN/PSTN

Internet

Intranets

GMSC

server

SCP HLR AUC

SCS

User Data Plane

Transport Network

STM / ATM / IP Media

Gateway

EIR

User data (media) Control signaling

MSC

server

Media

Gateway

GGSN

SGSN

Service plane

RNC

BTS

BTS

UTRAN

BICC

H.248

H.248

Traditional MSC


WCDMA R4 Characters

The evolution to all-IP step by step in WCDMA network

The main difference happens in CS Domain; in PS, it is all the same

The separation of control and Bearer: MSC to MGW&MSC Server

IP transfer of Signal: SG was introduced

R4 new interface：

Mc：MSC Server～MGW，H.248 protocol

Nb：MGW～MGW

ATM Bearer，AAL2

IP Bearer，RTP

Nc：MSC Server～MSC Server，BICC protocol


MSC SERVER Function

Mc Mc

Nb

Nc

MSC Server

GMSC Server

MGW MGW

UTRAN R99/GSM

/ PSTN

Call Control Function

Signal Interface and Process

VLR Function

Bear Control: 3G expanded H.248

Call Control signal: BICC

MGW Management( Register,

status maintain)

SGW

NO.7


GMSC SERVER Function

Mc Mc

Nb

Nc

MSC Server

GMSC Server

MGW MGW

UTRAN R99/GSM

/ PSTN

SGW

NO.7

GMSC Signal process

Send Routing Information

GMGW Control: H248

BICC and ISUP Inter working


MGW Function

Mc Mc

Nb

Nc

MSC Server

GMSC Server

MGW MGW

UTRAN R99/GSM

/ PSTN

SGW

NO.7

Media Bearer establish, release

receive control from MGC: H248

Media convert

Media resource

(Tone/TC/DTMF/Conference)

Multi-Bearer (AAL2/ATM, TDM，

RTP/UDP/IP)


SGW Function

Conversion of Signal

and Protocol (SIGTRAN

M3UA /SCTP/IP <=>

SS7 MTP3/2/1)

embedded SGW (SG

was embedded in the

MGW chassis or MSC

Server chassis)

Mc Mc

Nb

Nc

MSC Server

GMSC Server

MGW MGW

UTRAN R99/GSM

/ PSTN

SGW

NO.7


R4 CN CS Signal

RNS

BSS

Radio Access

MG Control/

Bearer Control

BSSAP

RANAP

Bearer Control

BICC/TUP/ISUP

H.248 H.248

ALCAP/IPBCP

Call Signal between

switch

MAP MAP CAP

MM&Service

MSC server

MGW

MSC server

MGW

HLR SMC SCP


R4 Analyze

Advantages

Thought of NGN

Layer structure

IP transfer: a flattened structure

Brings high increase for operator

Challenges Experience on operation

Qos on IP network


GMSC Server

CS PS

R4 CN

CS PS

R5 CN in earlier stage

GGSN

SGSN MSC Server

MGW

MGW

HLR

GMSC Server

MSC Server

MGW

MGW

GGSN

SGSN

HSS CSCF

MGCF

PSTN Internet

IMS

PSTN Internet

PS

R5 CN in later stage

GGSN

SGSN

HSS

CSCF MGCF

IMS

Internet

RNS RNS RNS

IM-MGW

IM-MGW



CS PS

MSC

Server

GMGW

HSS

GGSN

SGSN

WCDMA

UTRAN

MGW

GMSC

Server

IMS

IMS-

MGW

SGW

MGCF

CSCF

PSTN

No.7



CSCF（Call State Control Function）entity

CSCF

SPD (Serving Profile Database)

Lo

gic

al

Fu

nctio

n

AH(Address Handing)

ICGW(Incoming call gateway)

CCF (Call Control Function)


MGCF（Media Gateway Control Function）entity

MGCF

Lo

gic

al

Fu

nctio

n

MGW Control

SIP UA

Conversion Between SIP & BICC/ISUP


Version Radio Access CN CS CN PS

GSM

/GPRS

1）FDD TDMA

2）114Kbps

1）TDM Transfer

1）IP Transfer，

2）GTP protocol

3GPP

R99

1）FDD WCDMA（5MHz）

2）Iu: ATM

3）2Mbps

1）same with GSM

2）Iu: ATM Transfer

AMR Codec

1）same with GPRS

3GPP

R4

1）Same with R99

2）support TD-SCDMA

1）Separation of control &

bearer

2）IP/ATM/TDM Transfer

3）TrFo

1）same with R99

3GPP

R5

1）Iu: IP

2 ） HSDPA: down link:

14.4M

1）Iu: IP Transfer 1）Support of IMS

2 ） Separation of

CSCF and MGCF

Summary


Course Objectives








WCDMA & GSM Interface

RNS

RNC

RNS

RNC

Core Network

Node B Node B Node B Node B

Iu Iu

Iur

Iub Iub Iub Iub

UE

Uu Uu

UE

MS

BTS

BSC MSC/VLR

OMC SC

HLR/AUC EIR MSC/VLR

BTS

MS

PLMN

PSTN

ISDN

PSTDN

No.7MAP

X.25 X.25orNo.

7

Um

A

Abis


Iu & A/Gb

Name

Signal transfer/Media transfer

Bearer


Physical Layer

MTP

SCCP

BSSAP

MTP

SCCP

BSSOMAP

A

Gb

GMM/SM

LLC

BSSGP

L1bis

Network

Service L1

RRC

MAC

ATM

RANAP

AAL5

Relay

Uu

RLC

Signalling

Bearer

SCCP

ATM

AAL5

Iu-Ps

SCCP

Signaling

Bearer

RANAP

GMM

SM/SMS

3G-SGSN RNS

2G-SGSN A Iu-PS

Radio Access Signal Transfer...

Iu & A/Gb Control Plan


MS MM State Model

IDLE

GPRS Attach

PDU Transmission

READY Timer Expired Or

Force to STANDBY

READY STANDBY

GPRS DETACH

GPRS MS MM States

PS Attach

PS Signalling Connection Release

PS Signalling

Connection Establish

PS Detach

Detach,

PS Attach Reject, RAU Reject

WCDMA PS UE MM States

PMM-IDLE

SM-ACTIVE or INACTIVE

PMM-

CONNECTED

SM-ACTIVE or

INACTIVE

PMM-

DETACHED

WCDMA PS & GPRS MM


GPRS SGSN MM States

IDLE

GPRS Attach

PDU Transmission

READY STANDBY

Cancellocation

Or

Implicit Detach

READY Timer Expired Or

Force to STANDBY Or

Abnormal RLC Condition

GPRS DETACH

Or Cancellocation

PS Attach

PS Signalling Connection Release

PS Signalling

Connection Establish

PS Detach

Detach,

PS Attach Reject, RAU Reject

WCDMA PS SGSN MM States

PMM-IDLE

SM-ACTIVE or INACTIVE

PMM-

CONNECTED

SM-ACTIVE or

INACTIVE

PMM-

DETACHED

Serving RNC

relocation

SGSN MM State Model

WCDMA PS & GPRS MM


Inter SGSN hand over in GPRS

RA1

HLR/ AuC

old SGSN

GGSN

RA2

new SGSN

source BS C

MS

target BS C

①

①

①

①

②

③

③

③

③

① ③

Buffers in SGSN, ‘hard

hand over‘ in GPRS

WCDMA PS & GPRS MM


RA1

HLR/ AuC

old SGSN

GGSN

RA2

new SGSN

source SRNC

MS

target RNC

①

① ①

①

①

②

③

③

③

③

① ③

Inter SGSN RNC Reallocation in WCDMA

Buffers in RNS Iur Interface

‘Soft Hand Over’

WCDMA PS & GPRS MM


WCDMA & GSM Voice

Codec

The voice codec in GSM is REP－LTP (regular-pulse

excitation－long time prediction), and the codec rate is

13kbps.

The voice codec in WCDMA is AMR (Adaptive Modify

Rate), and it has 8 kinds of rate from 4.75 to 12.2kbit/s

Soft Capacity

Allocate band resource dynamically as the usage of

the network resource


GSM/GPRS: 3 members in AV

WCDMA: 5 members in AV

GSM: the network to check whether the identity

provided by the MS is acceptable or not

UMTS: both way identity between the

network and the MS

Security of WCDMA & GSM


GSM/GPRS: ciphering realize in BTS/SGSN

UMTS: add integrity protect for signal transfer

between RNC and MS

UMTS: ciphering realize in RNC

Security of WCDMA & GSM


Random Producer

Arithmetic

?

Arithmetic

MS Network

SRES

RAND

SRES‘

Ki Ki

Match？ AV (RAND、SRES、Kc)

Authentication in GSM


MS MSCS/SGSN HLR/AUC

Generate authentication

vectors AV(1..n)

Store authentication vectors

Select authentication vector AV(i)

Authentication data request

Authentication data response AV(1..n)

User authentication request RAND(i) || AUTN(i)

User authentication response RES(i)

Compare RES(i) and XRES(i)

Verify AUTN(i) Compute RES(i)

Compute CK(i) and IK(i) Select CK(i) and IK(i)

Authentication and

key establishment

Distribution of

authentication

vectors from HE to SN

AV=(RAND, XRES,

CK, IK, AUTN）

Authentication in UMTS


Course Objectives








ATM/IP

Backbone

Services

Internet/Intranet

GMSC

Server MSC

Server

Mc Mc

Nc

API

GGSN SGSN

MGW

SCP

RNS

PSTN/GSM MGW

HLR

CG

SG

Nb

Gn Gi

Ga Ga

Interface in R4


ATM/IP

Backbone

Services

Internet/

Intranet

GMSC

Server MSC

Server

Mc Mc

Nc

API

GGSN SGSN

MGW

SCP

RNS

PSTN/GSM MGW

HLR

CG

SG

Nb

Gn Gi

Ga Ga

SAAL

ATM

MTP3b

SCCP

RANAP

MM/CM

Control Plane

AAL2

ATM

IuUP

User Plane

Protocols on Interface


ATM/IP

Backbone

Services

Internet/

Intranet

GMSC

Server MSC

Server

Mc Mc

Nc

API

GGSN SGSN

MGW

SCP

RNS

PSTN/GSM MGW

HLR

CG

SG

Nb

Gn Gi

Ga Ga

SAAL

ATM

MTP3b

SCCP

RANAP

GMM/SM

Control Plane

SAAL

ATM

IuUP

User Plane

IP/UDP

GTP-U



ATM/IP

Backbone

Services

Internet/

Intranet

GMSC

Server MSC

Server

Mc Mc

Nc

API

GGSN SGSN

MGW

SCP

RNS

PSTN/GSM MGW

HLR

CG

SG

Nb

Gn Gi

Ga Ga

SCTP

IP

M3UA

SCCP

TCAP

MAP

IP

MTP3

MTP2

MAP

TDM

SCCP

TCAP

MTP1



ATM/IP

Backbone

Services

Internet/

Intranet

GMSC

Server MSC

Server

Mc Mc

Nc

API

GGSN SGSN

MGW

SCP

RNS

PSTN/GSM MGW

HLR

CG

SG

Nb

Gn Gi

Ga Ga

SCTP

IP

M3UA

SCCP

TCAP

CAP

IP

MTP3

MTP2

CAP

TDM

SCCP

TCAP

MTP1



ATM/IP

Backbone

Services

Internet/

Intranet

GMSC

Server MSC

Server

Mc Mc

Nc

API

GGSN SGSN

MGW

SCP

RNS

PSTN/GSM MGW

HLR

CG

SG

Nb

Gn Gi

Ga Ga

SCTP

IP

M3UA

BICC

IP

BICC

ATM

SAAL

ATM

MTP3B



SCTP

ATM/IP

Backbone

Services

Internet/

Intranet

GMSC

Server MSC

Server

Mc Mc

Nc

API

GGSN SGSN

MGW

SCP

RNS

PSTN/GSM MGW

HLR

CG

SG

Nb

Gn Gi

Ga Ga

SCTP

IP

M3UA

H248

IP

H248

ATM

SAAL

ATM

MTP3B



ATM/IP

Backbone

Services

Internet/

Intranet

GMSC

Server MSC

Server

Mc Mc

Nc

API

GGSN SGSN

MGW

SCP

RNS

PSTN/GSM MGW

HLR

CG

SG

Nb

Gn Gi

Ga Ga

UDP

IP

RTP/RTCP

NbUp

IP

NbUp

ATM

ATM

AAL2

User Plane Protocol:

IPBCP

IP

Alcap

ATM

ATM

MTP3B

SAAL

Bearer Control Protocol:



ATM/IP

Backbone

Services

Internet/

Intranet

GMSC

Server MSC

Server

Mc Mc

Nc

API

GGSN SGSN

MGW

SCP

RNS

PSTN/GSM MGW

HLR

CG

SG

Nb

Gn Gi

Ga Ga

SCTP

IP

ADAPT(M3UA)

APP(ISUP)

IP

MTP3

MTP2

APP(ISUP)

TDM

MTP1



ATM/IP

Backbone

Services

Internet/

Intranet

GMSC

Server MSC

Server

Mc Mc

Nc

API

GGSN SGSN

MGW

SCP

RNS

PSTN/GSM MGW

HLR

CG

SG

Nb

Gn Gi

Ga Ga

L2

L1

IP/UDP

GTP-C

Control Plane

L2

L1

GTP-U

User Plane

IP/UDP



ATM/IP

Backbone

Services

Internet/

Intranet

GMSC

Server MSC

Server

Mc Mc

Nc

API

GGSN SGSN

MGW

SCP

RNS

PSTN/GSM MGW

HLR

CG

SG

Nb

Gn Gi

Ga Ga

L2

L1

IP/UDP

GTP’



ATM/IP

Backbone

Services

Internet/

Intranet

GMSC

Server MSC

Server

Mc Mc

Nc

API

GGSN SGSN

MGW

SCP

RNS

PSTN/GSM MGW

HLR

CG

SG

Nb

Gn Gi

Ga Ga

L2

L1

IP/UDP

Application



Course Objectives








A

MSC

Server

MGW

UE

MGW

MSC

Server

NO.7

UE

B

HLR HLR

H.248 H.248

BICC

MAP

MAP

Basic UE to UE Call


UMTSCN

MSC

Server

GMGW

PSTN/other

operator

UE

MGW

GMSC

Server

NO.7

H.248

BICC

H.248

TUP TUP

Basic UE to PSTN Call


PDP Context Activation

RNS

SGSN

Backbone

DNS

Server

ISP/Corp.

Network DNS

Client GGSN

GMM/SM /SMS

Lower Layer Lower Layer

GMM/SM /SMS

Lower Layer

GTP-C

1

2

DNS_query (APN),DNS

Response（IP Of GGSN）

3

Create_PDP_Req (Type of

PDP,APN), Res (IP of MS)

PDP Context Active Req

(NSAPI，type , APN）


RNS SGSN

User IP Addresses Pool GPRS

BB

Gn Gn

GGSN

Gi

IP

Network

Mobile ISP

GPRS Backbone Layers 1 & 2 L1

L2

IP

GTP - U

User Payload

UDP

Tunnel payload

Transport layer

GPRS Tunnel

ATM Backbone Layers 1 & 2 ATM

AAL5

IP

GTP - U

User Payload

UDP

Tunnel payload

Transport layer

GPRS Tunnel

L1

Public Data Network Layers 1 & 2

Network layer Transport layer

Application Layer

IP

APP

L1 L2

TCP / UDP

Transport of PS data packets


Course Objectives








TFO & TrFO

Concept

TFO: Tandem Free Operation: negotiate rate through

in-band signal, insert a transcoder to support speech

between two ends with different codec or voice rates.

TrFO: Transcoder Free Operation: through out-band

signal negotiation, it realizes calls that have no

transcoders involved in the connection between the

source codecs

Advantage of TrFO

Improve the quality of speech


Technique of TrFO

A supports rates：12.2K/7.9K

MSC Server-O MSC Server-T

AMR AMR

AMR OverIP

MGW-O MGW-T

B supports rates：

12.2K/7.9K/4.75K

A B

1

Iu

RTP

IP

L2/L1

AAL2

ATM

Iu UP Nb UP

AMR

RTP

IP

L2/L1

AAL2

ATM

Nb UP

AMR

Iu UP

Nb Iu

2

RNC-O RNC-T

TrFo Process


MGW Security Strategy

The same MTP code for MSC Server1

and MSC Server2. SGW integrated to

MGW, RNC connect to MSC Server

via MGW

MGW access to MSC Servers with

different SCTP，if Primary MSC

Server unavailable, then start the

Secondary MSCS SCTP .

MSCS:A MSCS:B

MGW1 MGW2

Other MSCS

RNC RNC

Primary Link

Secondary Link

——Dual Homing


Large Scale Network

How to decide roaming?

How to chose route? (fixed number as callee number)

The influence to billing

ZXWN MSCS

ZXWN MGW1 RNC ZXWN MGW2

GW

RNC

GW

TMSC

LS/TS LS/TS

0755-4828922 020-4828922


HLR Reliability Strategy-Backup 1+1

• Every HLR have user data

copy.

• Some users are active

status,others are backup status

in every HLR.

• Modify the data on active HLR,

then sent the data to update in

backup HLR

• Network information should

send to the active HLR.

• In case of fault, every HLR can

serve for all the users. So fault

HLR will hand over

automatically or handly by

people to available HLR. Active Standby

ZXWN

HLR1

Sync

message

s

DB:A

DB:B

ZXWN

HLR2

DB:B

DB:A

STP

MSC Server SGSN

Copyright © 1996 Northern Telecom


ZXWN

HLR1

DB:A

DB:B

ZXWN

HLR2

DB:B

DB:A

STP

MSC Server SGSN

Copyright © 1996 Northern Telecom

Fault

• Enter the commands on the

active HLR to take over all the

users services.

• Every users are on the active

status in the active HLR.

• Every network information and

service requirement should be

sent to the active HLR

• No longer sent synchronization

information between HLR

Active Standby

HLR Reliability Strategy-Backup 1+1


HLR Reliability Strategy-Backup N＋1

A city B city

HLR

HLR

HLR Back

Up

HLR

HLR

HLR

HLR

STP1 STP2 STP1 STP2


Virtual HLR

Local Network1

VMSC GMSC

Local Network2

Local Network3

H/LSTP

Virtual

HLR2

Virtual

HLR3

Remote

Customer Care

Remote

Customer Care

Local

Customer Care

HLR

HLR1

…

HLR2

HLR3

Router

Router

VMSC GMSC

VMSC GMSC

WAN

introduction of wcdma cn r5

Documents