introduction sur l'open source
DESCRIPTION
Cette présentation dresse un panorama du logiciel libre : ce que c'est, les projets phares, les licences (droits et devoirs) et enfin les business models. J'ai donné cette présentation à l'école des mines pour les sensibiliser à la viabilité économique et technique de cet écosystème. Le discours orale associé à ce support permet d'illustrer les principes du free software avec mes expériences personnelles dans la fondation Eclipse et la mise au point du business model d'Obeo. English: this talk is an introduction to free software ecosystem.TRANSCRIPT
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Summary
Definitions
Projects
Licenses
Business Models
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Qu'est-ce qu'un logiciel libre ?
1 . Libe rt d 'é utilis e r le logicie lpour tous le s u sage s
2. Libe rt d 'é tud ie r é le logicie ld onc acc s au cod e sourceè
3. Libe rt d e é cop ie r le logicie ly com pris pour ve nd re le s cop ie s
4. Libe rt d e é m od ifie r le logicie l e t
d e le re d is tribue r
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And in practical terms?
Open source means:The source code is available to the end-user The source code can be modified by the end-user The licensing conditions promote re-use and wide availability of the software The cost of acquisition to the end-user is often minimal
Open source software is not the same as free software but there is a large overlap
``Open source is a development methodology; free software is a social movement.'’
The Free software Foundation maintains a Free Software Definition (www.fsf.org)
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What about the word « free »?
Free as in “freedom”
This usually implies “free as in free beer”
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Questions
Does the binary need to be available?
Is it allowed for an editor to sell a free software and not provide a free access to the binary and the source code?
Do I always need to redistribute my modification?
What about intellectual property and copyright?
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So why is it better?
You can use it and modify it freely, for any purpose
You are not tied to any company
Even though you might not be able to modify it, somebody can do it for you
Millions of developers watch the code
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When and who
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Richard M. Stallman 54 years-old
hacker (noble meaning)
free software activist
software patents destroyer
father of the GNU project (1983)
father of the Free Software Foundation (1985)
father of the Emacs text editor and other basic tools for operating systems
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Eric S. Raymond
50 years-old
hacker (noble meaning)
founder of the “Open Source” movement
“The Cathedral and the Bazaar”, 1997
disputed member of the Community
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Linus Torvalds
38 years-old
creator of the Linux kernel
self-proclaimed “benevolent dictator” of the Linux kernel development
rarely goes out of his modesty
(but when he does, the entire world knows it!)
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Mike Milinkovich
Executive Director of the Eclipse Foundation
In charge of the strategy of the foundation
Ecosystem
Relation between members, contributers and users communities
Process
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Logiciel libre : chiffres
Tendances Utilisateurs de Linux en entreprise prévus en 2008 : +320% par rapport à
fin 2004 Croissance du marché Linux dans le monde de 2004 à 2006 : +36% 49% des collectivités régionales ou locales françaises ont installé des
logiciels libres 49% des plus grandes entreprises du monde auront une stratégie open
source en 2008
Volumes 35 milliards de dollars : poids du marché mondial des logiciels libres
estimé en 2008 146 millions d’euros : poids du marché français des logiciels libres en
2004 450 millions d’euros : poids du marché français des logiciels libres en
2006
Projections Plus d’un milliard d’euros en 2008, plus de 2 milliards d’euros à
l’horizon 2010 900 millions d’euros: part du marché des services informatiques
consacrée aux projets de logiciels libres Sources : Gartner, IDC
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Summary
Definitions
Projects
Licenses
Business Models
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Some exemples
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Write text
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Operating System
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Do some computation
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Development tools
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FOSS == Linux ?
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Fondations and organisations
OPEESTigris
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Myths about Free Software
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To not overestimatedoverestimated the community
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How to contribute?
Infrastructure
CVS, SVN, GIT
Bugzilla, newsgroup, mailing list
Hudson, Portal
Listen the community
Blog, Planet, Twitter
FAQ
Ask before
Don't re-invent the wheel, improve it!
Find the process!
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Organisation de la Fondation
Contributors
Commiters
PMC
Councils: Architecture, Requirement, Planning
Board of Directors (~10)
Staff (~10)
IWG
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Summary
Definitions
Projects
Licenses
Business Models
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Some licenses
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Permissiveness of FOSS licenses
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Exercise
My project « MyExpense » contains source code which depends to
A GPL project
A BSD project
A LGPL project
Which licence can I use for my project?
Is there any difference if I am a company or an individual?
Is there any difference if it's for internal use or not?
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Summary
Definitions
Projects
Licenses
Business Models
Extracts from Fabernovel paper
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Four business models can be identified
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The service model takes two forms
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The services offered are of different types
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The value added distribution model consists in selling a standard version of an existing product
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This model offers a triple client value
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The double licence model relies on a « discrimination » of the users
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A variant of this model: the commercialization of an associated product
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The «mutualization» model rests on the successive development of several modules…
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… and generally results in the creation of a community of clients
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Exemple: Opees Workflow
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OPEES Actors and Processes
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Synthesis of the different business models
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Usecase: Distribution
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Usecase: Server
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Usecase: Web
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Usecase: Major editor
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Usecase: Vertical tool
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Usecase: DB
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Usecase: compiler
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Usecase: MD tooling
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Specific VS GenericSpecific VS Generic
Business Logic
Specific
Infrastructure
Business Logic
Generic
Infrastructure
Specialisation
(generation, transformati
on, designers, ...)
InteroperabilityBetter qualityMore tooling
Specific
Infrastructure
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OpenSource isn’t a bisounours worldOpenSource isn’t a bisounours world
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Bisounours processBisounours process
Labos SME
BigCompanies
Substrate:open
source
I have a bug
I reference it in OSS bugtracker
I have nothing to do today: I will fix it …
Hope !
This isn’t our job
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OPEES ProcessOPEES Process
Labos SME
BigCompanies
Substrate:open
source
I have a bug
I reference it in contracted bugtracker
Support subcontractor makes the fix
I subscribe an OSS contract support
through Opees
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Bisounours processBisounours process
Labos SME
BigCompanies
Substrate:open
sourceIs it interesting for SME?
I do papers and prototypes
Hope !
Is it interesting for customers?
Hope !
ROI ?Investissment ?
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OPEES ProcessOPEES Process
Labos SME
BigCompanies
Substrate:open
source
I want a new long term feature
Is it interested for SME?
Is there a new research interest ?
yes
I do papers and prototypes
YesReuse/ remake
no
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Business Model for ObeoBusiness Model for Obeo
Services
Trainings
Support
Partnership
On Demand
Products
Traceability feature
Included inside Obeo Designer
Included inside Obeo Agility (for Cartography)
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Exemple: how to create designers?
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ArchitectureArchitecture
Technologie Charge Profile demandé
GEF + EMF 90 j Développeur Eclipse et ergonome
GMF Tooling 30 j Expert GMF
Obeo Designer 5 j Concepteur
Choose:
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Business Models
Do everything by yourself
You want to be independant
Training
Support
Expertise
You want to subcontrat
Forfait
Integrated Projet
You wan to use a ready to use packaging
Licenses + Maintenance
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ATL Research / ATL ProATL Research / ATL Pro
ATL
ATL Research ATL Pro
SupportServices
Evolution on demandTraining
1Idea 2
Evaluation
3industrialisation
4Support
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OSONS !