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Introduction to Antigone and Greek Tragedy

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Page 1: Introduction to Antigone and Greek Tragedy. -When were plays performed? -Were intermissions or breaks part of Greek Theatre? -Greek Plays were usually

Introduction toAntigone

and Greek Tragedy

Page 2: Introduction to Antigone and Greek Tragedy. -When were plays performed? -Were intermissions or breaks part of Greek Theatre? -Greek Plays were usually

-When were plays performed?

-Were intermissions or breaks part of Greek Theatre?

-Greek Plays were usually performed as a religious ceremony in competition with each other to what god?

- This is the god of what?

-What gender, specifically, was allowed to participate in the plays?

Greek Tragedy Background

Page 3: Introduction to Antigone and Greek Tragedy. -When were plays performed? -Were intermissions or breaks part of Greek Theatre? -Greek Plays were usually

Structure of Greek Tragedy

Prologue - the opening scene - the background of the story is established, usually by a single actor or in a dialogue between two actors.

Parodos - the entrance of the chorus, usually chanting a lyric which bears some relation to the main theme of the play.

Episode – the counterpart of the modern act or scene - the plot is developed through action and dialogue between the actors, with the chorus sometimes playing a minor role.

Page 4: Introduction to Antigone and Greek Tragedy. -When were plays performed? -Were intermissions or breaks part of Greek Theatre? -Greek Plays were usually

Structure of Greek Tragedy

Stasimon- the choral ode. A stasimon comes at the end of each episode so that the tragedy is a measured alternation between these two elements.

Exodos- the final action after the last

Stasimon, ended by the ceremonial exit of all the players.

Page 5: Introduction to Antigone and Greek Tragedy. -When were plays performed? -Were intermissions or breaks part of Greek Theatre? -Greek Plays were usually

Elements of Tragedy: The subject is serious.

The tragic hero is pitted against forces beyond his or her control.

The tragic hero makes decisions that lead to a “no-win” situation.

Page 6: Introduction to Antigone and Greek Tragedy. -When were plays performed? -Were intermissions or breaks part of Greek Theatre? -Greek Plays were usually

Aristotle’s Definition of Tragic Figure

The character must be a person of noble birth.

The character must be neither totally good nor totally evil.

An error of judgment or a weakness in the character causes the misfortune.

The character must be responsible for the tragic events.

Action involves a change in fortune from happiness to misery.

Page 7: Introduction to Antigone and Greek Tragedy. -When were plays performed? -Were intermissions or breaks part of Greek Theatre? -Greek Plays were usually

Exploration of the tragic hero1. Tragedy arouses the emotions of pity and fear, wonder and

awe.Two purposes: 1. The reader turns his thoughts inward to

ponder their own fate 2. The reader is moved to consider momentarily the fate of all human beings.

2. A tragic hero must be a man or woman of capable of great suffering. (usually kings, queens, or nobles)

3. Tragedy explores the question of the ways of God to man. (Why do people suffer?)

4 Tragedy purifies the emotions. (Catharsis- emotional release is the climax of the play)

5. Tragedy shows how man is brought to disaster by a single flaw in his own character. (The Tragic flaw)

Page 8: Introduction to Antigone and Greek Tragedy. -When were plays performed? -Were intermissions or breaks part of Greek Theatre? -Greek Plays were usually

Chorus- consists of twelve to fifteen elders (men)

Choragos- the leader of the chorus Ode- indicates the end of a scene - also

used to provide the chorus’s response to the proceeding scene.

Lyric Poem- verse which focuses on emotions and thoughts

The Chorus

Page 9: Introduction to Antigone and Greek Tragedy. -When were plays performed? -Were intermissions or breaks part of Greek Theatre? -Greek Plays were usually

The Three Functions of the Chorus:

1. To provide background information for YOU- the audience!

2. To talk and give advice to the main characters!

3. To interpret important events that occur in drama

Page 10: Introduction to Antigone and Greek Tragedy. -When were plays performed? -Were intermissions or breaks part of Greek Theatre? -Greek Plays were usually

Greek Theatre

Page 11: Introduction to Antigone and Greek Tragedy. -When were plays performed? -Were intermissions or breaks part of Greek Theatre? -Greek Plays were usually
http://www.lib.utexas.edu/Libs/PCL/Map_collection/europe/Greece.GIF
Page 12: Introduction to Antigone and Greek Tragedy. -When were plays performed? -Were intermissions or breaks part of Greek Theatre? -Greek Plays were usually
Page 13: Introduction to Antigone and Greek Tragedy. -When were plays performed? -Were intermissions or breaks part of Greek Theatre? -Greek Plays were usually
Page 14: Introduction to Antigone and Greek Tragedy. -When were plays performed? -Were intermissions or breaks part of Greek Theatre? -Greek Plays were usually

Parts of the Theatre Theatron - the area in which the audience

sat. It was shaped like a horseshoe and had rows of stone seats rising upward and backward in tiers. In the first row were stone thrones for the principal citizens and the priest of Dionysus.

Orchestra - The circular area at ground level which was enclosed on three sides by the u-shaped theatron.

Thymele - an altar to Dionysus on which sacrifices were made and which was sometimes used as a stage prop during plays.

Page 15: Introduction to Antigone and Greek Tragedy. -When were plays performed? -Were intermissions or breaks part of Greek Theatre? -Greek Plays were usually

Parts of the Theatre, Continued Parodos - entrance passage Skene - a wooden structure, the

dressing room Proscenium - the level area in front of

the skene on which most of the play's action took place

Eccyclema - a wheeled platform which was rolled out of the skene to reveal a tableau of action that had taken place indoors (mainly scenes of violence )

Page 16: Introduction to Antigone and Greek Tragedy. -When were plays performed? -Were intermissions or breaks part of Greek Theatre? -Greek Plays were usually

(Thymele)

Page 17: Introduction to Antigone and Greek Tragedy. -When were plays performed? -Were intermissions or breaks part of Greek Theatre? -Greek Plays were usually

A. Theatron-audienceB. Orchestra- where the actors and chorus performC. Altar-for Dionysos (god of wine and fertility)D. Skene-dressing roomE. Proskenion-side of the skene that acts as a backdropF. Parados-entrance to the theater

Page 18: Introduction to Antigone and Greek Tragedy. -When were plays performed? -Were intermissions or breaks part of Greek Theatre? -Greek Plays were usually
Page 19: Introduction to Antigone and Greek Tragedy. -When were plays performed? -Were intermissions or breaks part of Greek Theatre? -Greek Plays were usually
Page 20: Introduction to Antigone and Greek Tragedy. -When were plays performed? -Were intermissions or breaks part of Greek Theatre? -Greek Plays were usually
Page 21: Introduction to Antigone and Greek Tragedy. -When were plays performed? -Were intermissions or breaks part of Greek Theatre? -Greek Plays were usually
Page 22: Introduction to Antigone and Greek Tragedy. -When were plays performed? -Were intermissions or breaks part of Greek Theatre? -Greek Plays were usually

Sample Greek Theatre Masks

Page 23: Introduction to Antigone and Greek Tragedy. -When were plays performed? -Were intermissions or breaks part of Greek Theatre? -Greek Plays were usually
Page 24: Introduction to Antigone and Greek Tragedy. -When were plays performed? -Were intermissions or breaks part of Greek Theatre? -Greek Plays were usually
Page 25: Introduction to Antigone and Greek Tragedy. -When were plays performed? -Were intermissions or breaks part of Greek Theatre? -Greek Plays were usually
Page 26: Introduction to Antigone and Greek Tragedy. -When were plays performed? -Were intermissions or breaks part of Greek Theatre? -Greek Plays were usually
Page 27: Introduction to Antigone and Greek Tragedy. -When were plays performed? -Were intermissions or breaks part of Greek Theatre? -Greek Plays were usually
Page 28: Introduction to Antigone and Greek Tragedy. -When were plays performed? -Were intermissions or breaks part of Greek Theatre? -Greek Plays were usually
Page 29: Introduction to Antigone and Greek Tragedy. -When were plays performed? -Were intermissions or breaks part of Greek Theatre? -Greek Plays were usually
Page 30: Introduction to Antigone and Greek Tragedy. -When were plays performed? -Were intermissions or breaks part of Greek Theatre? -Greek Plays were usually

Sophocles

496-406 B.C. considered the greatest of the ancient

Greek playwrights Sophocles was known for his musical,

poetic, and dramatic talents At the age of seventeen, he was the

choragos, or chorus leader, in a dramatic celebration of Greece's victory over Persia

Page 31: Introduction to Antigone and Greek Tragedy. -When were plays performed? -Were intermissions or breaks part of Greek Theatre? -Greek Plays were usually

Sophocles, Cont.

When he was twenty eight, he caused a sensation by winning first prize for tragedy at the festival of Dionysus, defeating Aeschylus, the leading playwright of the day.

Over the next sixty-two years, Sophocles went on to win twenty-four first prizes and seven second prizes in thirty-one competitions--the best record of any Greek playwright.

Page 32: Introduction to Antigone and Greek Tragedy. -When were plays performed? -Were intermissions or breaks part of Greek Theatre? -Greek Plays were usually

Sophocles, Cont. wrote more than one hundred and twenty

tragedies, of which only seven survive today

His plays always contain a moral lesson--usually a caution against pride and religious indifference.

also a great technical innovator: He added a third actor to Aeschylus's original two, introduced painted sets, and expanded the size of the chorus to fifteen.

Page 33: Introduction to Antigone and Greek Tragedy. -When were plays performed? -Were intermissions or breaks part of Greek Theatre? -Greek Plays were usually

Sophocles, Cont. Sophocles wrote the three tragedies

about King Oedipus of Thebes and his family over a forty-year period

began with the third part of the story, Antigone, first performed in 442 B.C

Twelve years later, Sophocles backtracked and wrote the first part of the story, Oedipus the King.

The last year of his life Sophocles wrote the middle segment, Oedipus at Colonus.

Page 34: Introduction to Antigone and Greek Tragedy. -When were plays performed? -Were intermissions or breaks part of Greek Theatre? -Greek Plays were usually

The Oedipus Myth Characters and Terms:

• King Laios • Queen Jocasta • Thebes• Oracle at Delphi • Oedipus • Corinth • Sphinx • Chorus• Choragos

Page 35: Introduction to Antigone and Greek Tragedy. -When were plays performed? -Were intermissions or breaks part of Greek Theatre? -Greek Plays were usually

The Oedipus Myth Characters and Terms, Cont.

• Polyneices • Eteocles• Antigone • Ismene • Creon • Teiresias • Haimon• Eurydice• Sentry

Page 36: Introduction to Antigone and Greek Tragedy. -When were plays performed? -Were intermissions or breaks part of Greek Theatre? -Greek Plays were usually
http://www.theodora.com/wfb/egypt_geography.html
Page 37: Introduction to Antigone and Greek Tragedy. -When were plays performed? -Were intermissions or breaks part of Greek Theatre? -Greek Plays were usually

Map of Corinth

Page 38: Introduction to Antigone and Greek Tragedy. -When were plays performed? -Were intermissions or breaks part of Greek Theatre? -Greek Plays were usually

Map of the Mediterranean

Page 39: Introduction to Antigone and Greek Tragedy. -When were plays performed? -Were intermissions or breaks part of Greek Theatre? -Greek Plays were usually

Antigone’s Family Tree

Page 40: Introduction to Antigone and Greek Tragedy. -When were plays performed? -Were intermissions or breaks part of Greek Theatre? -Greek Plays were usually

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