Introduction to Computer Introduction to Computer BasicsBasics

Ms. Scales5th Grade

What Is A Computer?What Is A Computer?

An electronic device that receives data, An electronic device that receives data, processes data, stores data, and produces processes data, stores data, and produces a result (output).a result (output).

A collection of electronic circuits, which A collection of electronic circuits, which can be on or off (open or closed).can be on or off (open or closed). These two states of the circuit are represented These two states of the circuit are represented

by two digits, 0 and 1, cby two digits, 0 and 1, called a binary system..

What is Data?What is Data?

Data:Data: information entered into the computer to be information entered into the computer to be

processed, which consists of the following:processed, which consists of the following: Text, numbers, sounds, and imagesText, numbers, sounds, and images

People:People: the users of the computers who enter the data the users of the computers who enter the data

and use the output.and use the output.

Data CommunicationsData Communications

Computer technology enables Computer technology enables computers to communicatecomputers to communicate You can send text, numeric data, voice or You can send text, numeric data, voice or

video data from one machine to another.video data from one machine to another. Popular examples:Popular examples:

InternetInternet Electronic messages (e-mail)Electronic messages (e-mail) Text Messages (SMS)Text Messages (SMS) Multimedia Messages (MMS)Multimedia Messages (MMS) Istant Messages (IM)Istant Messages (IM) FaxesFaxes Electronic or online bankingElectronic or online banking

HardwareHardware

HardwareHardware:: the tangible, physical parts of the computer equipment the tangible, physical parts of the computer equipment

that can be seen and touched such as:that can be seen and touched such as: The Computer itselfThe Computer itself MonitorMonitor KeyboardKeyboard MouseMouse CD/DVD DriveCD/DVD Drive SpeakersSpeakers

Parts of the ComputerParts of the Computer Central Processing Unit (CPU):Central Processing Unit (CPU):

the microprocessor, the brains of the the microprocessor, the brains of the computer.computer.

Chip contains millions of switches and Chip contains millions of switches and pathways that help your computer pathways that help your computer make important decisions.make important decisions.

The main chip that allows computer to do millions of calculations per second and makes it possible for users to use their computer however they need.

Computer Technology

Hard Drive Permanently storing files,

programs, and other data on your computer’s hard drive, which is like computer’s “filing cabinet”

Network Drive A Storage space on a network,

such as school or work network.

Computer MemoryComputer Memory

• Memory:Memory:

found on the motherboard; short term and long found on the motherboard; short term and long term.term. Random Access Memory (RAM)Random Access Memory (RAM)

memory on the motherboard that is short term; where memory on the motherboard that is short term; where data, information, and program instructions are stored data, information, and program instructions are stored temporarily on a RAM chip or a set of RAM chips.temporarily on a RAM chip or a set of RAM chips.

Read-Only Memory (ROM)Read-Only Memory (ROM) memory on the motherboard that is long term; where the memory on the motherboard that is long term; where the

specific instructions that are needed for the computer to specific instructions that are needed for the computer to operate are stored.operate are stored.

Input, Output, & Storage DevicesInput, Output, & Storage Devices

Input deviceInput device: : hardware that allows hardware that allows you to communicate you to communicate with your computer.with your computer.

Output device:Output device: hardware hardware that allows your computer that allows your computer to communicate with the to communicate with the useruser

Storage deviceStorage device: allows : allows you to store or retrieve you to store or retrieve informationinformation

Some types of technology can be both an input and an output device!!!

Computer Input DevicesComputer Input Devices

KeyboardKeyboard Mouse/TrackballMouse/Trackball JoystickJoystick Light penLight pen Pointing StickPointing Stick TouchpadTouchpad Video CameraVideo Camera

Touch screenTouch screen Bar code readerBar code reader ScannerScanner MicrophoneMicrophone Graphics TabletGraphics Tablet Digital CamerasDigital Cameras

Computer Input Devices

Keyboard The hardware device used to

enter letters, numbers, and commands into the computer

Numeric Keyboard The portion of the keyboard,

set up like a adding machine or calculator used to enter numbers and equations quickly into the computer

Mouse A tool used to move the cursor

and pointer around the screen

Computer Output DevicesComputer Output Devices

Monitor:Monitor: screen that display information screen that display information

such as text, numbers, and such as text, numbers, and pictures.pictures.

softcopysoftcopy

Printer:Printer: gives you information from the gives you information from the

computer in printed form.computer in printed form. HardcopyHardcopy

Three Types of PrintersThree Types of Printers

Dot MatrixDot Matrix Gives a printed image in a Gives a printed image in a

pattern (matrix) of tiny ink pattern (matrix) of tiny ink dots.dots.

Less expensive and not as Less expensive and not as clear clear

Inkjet PrinterInkjet Printer Better quality of printed Better quality of printed

documentdocument Machine uses an ink Machine uses an ink

cartridge and a printing cartridge and a printing element to print a finer element to print a finer image on the paper.image on the paper.

LaserLaser Best quality of printed Best quality of printed

documentsdocuments Laser beam and an ink Laser beam and an ink

toner cartridge are used toner cartridge are used to produce the images.to produce the images.

More expensiveMore expensive QuickQuick

Computer Output Devices

VGA Port Allows you to

display your Computer or Laptop on an external monitor or projector.

Computer Output DevicesComputer Output Devices

Speakers:Speakers: allow you to hear voice, allow you to hear voice,

music, and other music, and other sounds from your sounds from your computer.computer.

Modem:Modem: allows you to use your allows you to use your

computer to computer to communicate with other communicate with other computers.computers.

Types of Storage DevicesTypes of Storage Devices Hard Disk Drive:Hard Disk Drive: used to store used to store

data inside of the computer.data inside of the computer. this holds a large amount of this holds a large amount of

information in a form the computer information in a form the computer can understand.can understand.

Accessing data is fasterAccessing data is faster Amount of data that can be stored is Amount of data that can be stored is

much more than what can be stored much more than what can be stored on a floppy disk.on a floppy disk.

Size of Hard drive is measured in Size of Hard drive is measured in gigabytes(GB) mainly or gigabytes(GB) mainly or megabytes(MB) in older computersmegabytes(MB) in older computers

Types of Storage DevicesTypes of Storage Devices

Portable Storage Device Allows you to transport computer files from one

location to another Ex. Flash/Jump Drive, CD, DVD, Floppy Disk,

External Hard Drive

Software

Software The Programs that give the computer instructions that

allow you to accomplish certain tasks (this is what we use computers for!)

such as:• write letters

• analyze numbers

• sort files

• draw pictures

• play games, etc…

Two types:Two types:• ApplicationApplication• System software programsSystem software programs

Operating System

Operating System Software The software that allows your computer to start up,

accept input, deliver output, connect to other computers, and generally execute the task on a computer.

Ex. Vista, Windows XP, Mac Leopard

Software Application

Program or Software Application Software

The individual programs that carry out specific tasks on your computer that exist on the computer’s hard drive, this is what we use computers for. Ex. Microsoft Word, Photoshop, Solitaire

Categories:Categories: BusinessBusiness CommunicationsCommunications Graphics and MultimediaGraphics and Multimedia Education and ReferenceEducation and Reference Entertainment and LeisureEntertainment and Leisure Integrated ProgramsIntegrated Programs

Business SoftwareBusiness Software

Word ProcessingWord Processing program that allows you program that allows you

to create, edit, and print to create, edit, and print text documentstext documents

Use Ex: Report, flyer, Use Ex: Report, flyer, memomemo

SpreadsheetSpreadsheet Numbered Rows and Numbered Rows and

Lettered ColumnsLettered Columns Intersection of rows and Intersection of rows and

columns = cellscolumns = cells Use Ex: Grade book, Use Ex: Grade book,

financial infofinancial info

DatabaseDatabase Lets you set up an Lets you set up an

electronic filing electronic filing systemssystems

Enter text and Enter text and numbersnumbers

Find, search, and Find, search, and printer info in printer info in different waysdifferent ways

• Use Ex: Address Use Ex: Address book, Card Catalogbook, Card Catalog

SoftwareSoftware

CommunicationsCommunications Works with your modems or Works with your modems or

network hardware and network hardware and allows your computer to allows your computer to communicate with other communicate with other computers.computers.

Exchange computer files Exchange computer files and emailand email

Graphics SoftwareGraphics Software Uses pictures or images to Uses pictures or images to

help communicate help communicate messages.messages.

Clip artClip art graphical images to be graphical images to be

added to documentsadded to documents Desktop PublishingDesktop Publishing

uses both pictures and uses both pictures and words to give you the words to give you the ability to create ability to create documentsdocuments

Ex:Newsletters and Ex:Newsletters and brochuresbrochures

Presentations

Digital Presentation Software Presentation software that allows you to combine and

present text, graphics, photos, videos, and other multimedia features.

Ex. PowerPoint (like this one!!!), Windows Movie Maker

Multimedia:Multimedia: combines text, graphics, combines text, graphics, animation, video, and audio.animation, video, and audio.

SoftwareSoftware

Education & Education & ReferenceReference Available on many Available on many

topicstopics HelpHelp EasierEasier QuickerQuicker

Examples: AR, Examples: AR, Encyclopedia, etc.Encyclopedia, etc.

Entertainment & Entertainment & LeisureLeisure FunFun Games and Games and

simulationssimulations Tests your skillsTests your skills interactiveinteractive

More types of Software

Freeware Software written and then donated to the public,

so anyone is free to copy it and share it.Shareware

Software that can be tried before you purchase it.

Probeware Computer assisted data collection tools

Email E-mail (electronic

mail) communicating

electronically on the computer user can compose a message at one terminal that can be regenerated at the recipient's terminal

E-mail Attachments Files attached to an e-

mail message

Proper Computer CareProper Computer Care Keep food and drinks away from the computer Keep food and drinks away from the computer

and keyboard.and keyboard. Avoid dusty locations.Avoid dusty locations. Use a surge protector.Use a surge protector. Keep magnets Away.Keep magnets Away. Do not block vents on the CPU.Do not block vents on the CPU. Avoid bright sunny locations.Avoid bright sunny locations. Do not move the computer while it is in use.Do not move the computer while it is in use. Always exit programs properly.Always exit programs properly. Use a virus check program on a regular basis.Use a virus check program on a regular basis.

Computer Damage

Virus A computer program designed to

damage computer filesAnti-Virus

A application designed to search for viruses and repair files on a computer

Proper Storage Device CareProper Storage Device Care Do not remove from drives while drive in Do not remove from drives while drive in

running or light is on.running or light is on. Avoid contact with magnets and Avoid contact with magnets and

electromagnetic fields.electromagnetic fields. Keep storage device stored in a clean, cool and Keep storage device stored in a clean, cool and

dry place with a protective cover.dry place with a protective cover. Always properly eject before taking it out of the Always properly eject before taking it out of the

USB driveUSB drive Use a virus check program on a regular basis.Use a virus check program on a regular basis. Avoid hot and cold locations.Avoid hot and cold locations. Make a back-up copy of your programs and Make a back-up copy of your programs and

files.files.

Proper CD ROM CareProper CD ROM Care Keep CDs stored in a clean, cool and dry place Keep CDs stored in a clean, cool and dry place

with a protective cover.with a protective cover. Avoid touching the back side of the CD; to Avoid touching the back side of the CD; to

avoid scratches.avoid scratches. Avoid hot and cold locations.Avoid hot and cold locations. Make a back-up copy of your programs and Make a back-up copy of your programs and

files.files. Insert into CD ROM Drive properly; label facing Insert into CD ROM Drive properly; label facing

up.up. Only write on CD’s with a CD Marking Pen on Only write on CD’s with a CD Marking Pen on

a label or the correct side of the CD.a label or the correct side of the CD.

Proper Care of PrintersProper Care of Printers Avoid cold, hot, and dusty locations.Avoid cold, hot, and dusty locations. Always use the correct ink or toner Always use the correct ink or toner

replacement.replacement. Always have the proper printer cable connected Always have the proper printer cable connected

to your computer.to your computer. Never pull paper out of a printer in motion.Never pull paper out of a printer in motion. Do not turn off the printer while printing.Do not turn off the printer while printing. Read the instruction manual before operating a Read the instruction manual before operating a

printer.printer. Always use the proper type of paper in your Always use the proper type of paper in your

printer.printer.