introduction to energy efficiency, ems and energy audit
DESCRIPTION
This presentation was held in the context of DCCI Capacity development Workshop December 2013 In Nepal. For further information go to our website.TRANSCRIPT
Introduction to EE, EnMS and EA
Gyanendra P. Upadhyay, LLTE-Energy Efficiency
DCCI Training December 2013
Energy: Definition
Energy is the capacity of a physical system to perform work
Units of Energy:Joule CaloriekWh
Various forms of energy
• Potential energy– Chemical – Nuclear – Mechanical stored energy– Gravitational
• Kinetic– Radiant – Thermal – Motion – Sound – Electrical
Primary and Secondary Energy
Petrochemical
Open or deep mines
Grading
Power station
purification
EnrichmentMining
TreatmentGas well
Cracking and refining
Oil well
LPGPetrol
Diesel/fuel oils
Coal Coal
Coke
ElectricityNuclear
Natural gas
Petroleum
Hydro
Natural gas
Source Extraction Primary energy Secondary Energy
Major primary and secondary sources
Processing
Steam
Steam
Commercial and Non-commercial Energy
• Commercial energy is energy available at price– Examples are electricity, coal, lignite,
oil, and natural gas• Non-commercial energy is energy
not available in market for a price– Examples are firewood, cattle dung
and agricultural wastes, solar energy, animal power, wind energy
Renewable & Non-renewable Energy
Oil burns to generate heat -->
Heat boils water -->
Water turns to steam -->
Steam pressure turns a turbine -->
Turbine turns an electric generator -->
Generator produces electricity -->
Electricity powers light bulbs -->
Light bulbs give off light and heat
Energy Conversion
Types of Energy/Energy Source Used in Nepalese Industries
• Electricity• Hydropower Plant• Diesel generating Plant• Co-generation Plant
• Thermal• Bio-mass• Coal• Fuel Oil
What is Energy Efficiency ?
Something is more energy efficient if it delivers more services/output for the same energy input, or the same services/output for less energy input.
Energy efficiency is "using less energy to provide the same service/output".
Improving energy efficiency can make a real difference. It saves money, reduces carbon emissions and decreases your country's dependence on foreign energy supplies... all at the same time!
Definition of Energy Management
“The strategy of adjusting and optimizing energy using systems and procedures so as to reduce energy requirements per unit of output while holding constant or reducing total costs of producing the output from these systems”
“The judicious and effective use of energy to maximize profits (minimize costs) and enhance competitive positions”
Objectives of Energy Management
• To achieve and maintain optimum energy procurement and utilization, through out the organization
• To minimize energy costs / waste without affecting production & quality
• To minimize environmental effects.
Definition of Energy Audit
• the verification, monitoring and analysis of use of energy including submission of technical report containing recommendations for improving energy efficiency with cost benefit analysis and an action plan to reduce energy consumption
Need for Energy Audit
• Three top operating expenses are energy (both electrical and thermal), labour and materials.
• Energy would emerge as a top ranker for cost reduction
• primary objective of Energy Audit is to determine ways to reduce energy consumption per unit of product output or to lower operating costs
• Energy Audit provides a “ bench-mark” (Reference point) for managing energy in the organization
Types of Energy Audit
• Preliminary energy audit• Targeted Energy Audit• Detailed energy audit
• Type of energy audit chosen depends on– Function and type of industry– Depth to which final audit is needed– Potential and magnitude of cost reduction
desired
Preliminary Energy Audit Methodology
•Preliminary energy audit uses existing, or easily obtained data
Establish energy consumption in the organization•Estimate the scope for saving•Identify the most likely areas for attention•Identify immediate ( no-/low-cost) improvements•Set a ‘reference point’ Identify areas for more detailed study/measurement
Detailed Energy Audit
• Evaluates all energy using systems, equipment and includes detailed energy savings and costs
• Carried out in 3 phases– Pre-audit Phase– Audit Phase – Post-Audit
Ten Step Methodology of Detailed Audit
Step No
PLAN OF ACTION PURPOSE / RESULTS
Step 1 Step 2
Phase I –Pre Audit Phase Plan and organise Walk through Audit Informal Interview with
Energy Manager, Production / Plant Manager
Conduct of brief meeting /
awareness programme with all divisional heads and persons concerned (2-3 hrs.)
Resource planning, Establish/organize a
Energy audit team Organize Instruments & time frame Macro Data collection (suitable to type of
industry.) Familiarization of process/plant activities First hand observation & Assessment of
current level operation and practices
Building up cooperation Issue questionnaire for each department Orientation, awareness creation
Step 3 Step 4
Phase II –Audit Phase Primary data gathering,
Process Flow Diagram, & Energy Utility Diagram
Conduct survey and
monitoring
Historic data analysis, Baseline data
collection Prepare process flow charts All service utilities system diagram
(Example: Single line power distribution diagram, water, compressed air & steam distribution.
Design, operating data and schedule of operation
Annual Energy Bill and energy consumption pattern (Refer manual, log sheet, name plate, interview)
Measurements :
Motor survey, Insulation, and Lighting survey with portable instruments for collection of more and accurate data. Confirm and compare operating data with design data.
Step 5 Step6 Step 7
Step 8 Step9
Conduct of detailed trials
/experiments for selected energy guzzlers
Analysis of energy use Identification and
development of Energy Conservation (ENCON) opportunities
Cost benefit analysis Reporting & Presentation to
the Top Management
Trials/Experiments:
- 24 hours power monitoring (MD, PF, kWh etc.).
- Load variations trends in pumps, fan compressors etc. - Boiler/Efficiency trials for (4 – 8
hours) - Furnace Efficiency trials
Equipments Performance experiments etc
Energy and Material balance & energy
loss/waste analysis Identification & Consolidation ENCON
measures Conceive, develop, and refine ideas Review the previous ideas suggested by unit
personal Review the previous ideas suggested by
energy audit if any Use brainstorming and value analysis
techniques Contact vendors for new/efficient
technology Assess technical feasibility, economic
viability and prioritization of ENCON options for implementation
Select the most promising projects Prioritise by low, medium, long term
measures
Documentation, Report Presentation to the top Management.
Step10
Phase III –Post Audit phase Implementation and Follow-
up
Assist and Implement ENCON recommendation measures and Monitor the performance
Action plan, Schedule for implementation
Follow-up and periodic review
Energy Conservations Vs Energy Efficiency
Incandescent Lamp60 W
Compact fluorescent Lamp15 W
Energy Efficient Equipment uses less energy for same output and reduces CO2 emissions
CO2 Emission – 65 g/hr CO2 Emission – 16 g/hr
Figure 1.14
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What is an Energy Management System? Definition
Set of interrelated or interacting elements of an organization to establish energy policy and objectives and to achieve those objectives. Overall aim: improve energy performance
Energy Management
System
=
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Energy Management Standard ISO 50001
ISO 50001• International Standard• Since June 2011• International Energy Management Standard• Specifies requirements for establishing, implementing,
maintaining and improving an Energy Management System• It does not prescribe specific performance criteria
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Structure of ISO 50001Energy Policy
Planning
Implementation & Operation
Checking
Corrective and preventive action
Monitoring and measurement
Management review
Internal audit
Continual Improvement
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ISO 50001 ENERGY MANAGEMENT SYSTEMMANAGEMENT
PLAN• Policy/Objectives/ Targets (4.3, 4.4.6)• Resources (4.2.1)DO• Training (4.5.2)• Communication (4.5.4)• Documentation (4.5.4)• Operational Control (4.5.5)CHECK• Internal Audit (4.6.3)• Corrective / Preventive action (4.6.4)ACT• Management review (4.7)
Management SystemFor Energy
TECHNICAL
PLAN• Energy Review (4.4.3)• Energy baseline (4.4.4)• Energy Performance Indicators (4.4.5)
DO• Design (4.5.6)• Energy Purchasing (4.5.7)
CHECK• Monitoring (4.6.1)• Measurement (4.6.1)• Verifying action plans results (4.4.6)
ACT• Energy Performance and EnPls Review (4.7.2)
ACT PLAN
CHECK DO
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Cycle of Energy Policy
Opportunity for
improvement
Legal and best
practice obligati
on
Understand
Energy Aspects
Energy Policy
Set out
Review
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Energy Planning ProcessPlanning Inputs Energy Review Planning Outputs
A. ANALYSEENERGY USE ANDCONSUMPTION
B. IDENTIFY AREASOF SIGNIFICANTENERGY USE ANDCONSUMPTION
C. IDENTIFY OPPORTUNITIES FORIMPROVING ENERGYPERFORMANCE
• ENERGY BASELINE
• EnPI( s)
• OBJECTIVE S
• TARGETS
• PERSONAL
• ACTION PLANS
Past and present energy uses
Relevant variablesaffecting significantenergy use• Performance
Legal requirements and other requirements
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General steps to certification
Initiate contact to certifier
Meet assessment
team
Advisory services
(training if required)
Preliminary review
Onsite Assessment
Certification & beyond
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Benefits of implementing EnMSImproves efficiency and productivity by reducing
energy variation, inefficiency & energy losses
Reduces energy cost / increases profitability
Reduces GHG/carbon footprint/protect environment
Improves employee motivation and involvement
Secures energy supply
Helps to confirm to new & stricter legislation
Increasing focus on corporate responsibility – improves reputation at clients
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Compatibility of ISO 50001 with other standards
ISO 9001 OHSAS 18001
ISO 14001 ISO 50001
Quality
Environment
Occupational Health & safety
Energy
Energy Auditor: Skill Requirement
• Reading Comprehension• Active Listening• Writing• Speaking• Critical thinking• Judgment and decision
making• Mathematics
• Monitoring• System analysis• Problem solving• Time Management• Coordination• Persuasion• Science• System evaluation
Data Collection format (General)
• Name of Business• Type of Business• Location• Address and Contact Person• Products• Production Capacity• ?• ?• ?
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Data Collection formatSN Year 01 Year 02 Year 03Production:Product 1Product 2…………Product nRaw material:RM 1RM 2…….RM nElectricity, kWhFuel:Fuel 1Fuel 2…………….Fuel n
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Data Collection formatMonth Energy in units (kWh) Total
EnergyDemand in kVA Total
Demand
T1 T2 T3 T1 T2 T3
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Data Collection formatS. N. Equipment
Reference
kW kVA P.F. kVAR Remarks
Thank You