Com S/Geron 415X Gerontechnology in Smart Home

Environments

Introduction to Gerontechnology

Dr. Hen-I Yang

Computer Science Dept., ISU

Jan. 13, 2011

Announcement

Course website has been setup on WebCT

Syllabus

Announcements

Slides

Assignments

Try to access SHL via your ISU card

Reading Assignment: Introduction and Chapter 1in the black book

(can be downloaded from ISU online library

http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com.proxy.lib.iastate.edu:2048/book/10.1

002/9780470379424)

Aging Population I

2011/1/14

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3 Iowa has the highest percentage of people age 85 or older in the U.S. (2.1% 1996 to 3.1% 2025)

31.1 mil 54 mil 79 mil

1 in 8 1 in 6 1 in 5

Aging Population II

2011/1/14 We the American… Elderly, 1993, Bureau of

Census

4 By 2050, 20% of US population will be elderly, and 15.9 million people will need assistance

Aging: An Issue of Global Proportion

UN Report: World Population Ageing: 1950-2050

Cost of Senior Care

2011/1/14 Careguide.com 6

Nursing homes (50,000/annual, 115/day)

Home health care (85/visit, 100/day)

Assisted living facilities or retirement housing (1000-5000/month, 12000-60000/annual, average 72/day)

Adult day care (10 – 50/day depend on the kind of care)

Other senior care services

Geriatric care manager (40 – 100/hour)

Emergency response service (35 – 100/month)

Medication reminder service (20/month)

Meal delivery service (2 – 5/meal)

Transportation service (50-100/round trip)

Senior Center

By 2050, the overall cost of senior care will be in the range of 600 Billion USD annually

Aging

Optimal/Normal/ Pathological Aging Impairments and Normal

Functional Declines

Aging ≠ Disability

Activities of Daily Living (ADL) Personal hygiene

Dressing and undressing

Eating

Transferring from bed to chair, and back

Voluntarily controlling urinary and fecal discharge

Moving around (as opposed to being bedridden)

Instrumental Activities of Daily Living (IADL) Doing light housework

Preparing meals

Taking medications

Shopping for groceries or clothes

Using the telephone

Managing money

Using technology

Stigma about Aging

How does Aging Affect People?

2011/1/14 8

Sensory impairment

Vision

Hearing

Cognitive impairment

Motor/physical impairment

Mobility issues

Communication difficulties

General decline of body functions

Other Challenges

Social isolations

Financial difficulties

Aging in Place

2011/1/14 Bayer A, Harper L. Fixing to Stay: A National Survey of Housing and

Home Modification Issues. Washington, DC: AARP; May 2000. 9

“What I would really like to do is stay in my current

residence as long as possible.”

What majority of older adults want (average 83%, > 45)

83%, for people between 55 – 64 years old

92%, for people between 65 – 74 years old

95%, for people > 75 years old

82% want assistance @ home if they need it

Non-technical solutions

Technical solutions (Smart home technology)

82% of surveyed older adults want to receive assistance at home if and when they need it

Non-technical Solutions: Assistive Devices

2011/1/14 10

Top four assistive devices being used:

Eyeglasses

Wheelchair or cane

Grab bars

Bath mats

Assistive devices make elderly persons feel more

independent, become better at daily activity, and

enjoy a sense of security

Non-technical Solutions: Retrofitted Homes

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11

Adjustable height sink/countertop (and wheel chair accessible)

Refrigerator drawer and roll-out shelf and drawer

Side-opened oven

Wide corridor

sliding door or no doors

Walk-in tub, shower

Grab-bar at shower

Lowered toilet height

Large buttons and large-font

manuals

Crown molding / Raised floor

Technical Solutions

2011/1/14 IEEE Computer, March 2005 12

Improving Person-Environment Congruence

Independent Living

Assisted Living Housing

Nursing Home

Hire On-site

Caretaker Purchase

Emergency

Pendant

Time/age

ADL/IADL

Capabilities

to maintain

a house and

live independently Current capabilities

of the resident

Types of Gerontechnology

Advance in disease treatment.

Surgical and pharmaceutical advances.

Genetic treatments.

Smarter prosthetics and robots.

Assistive technology.

Smart Environments.

Little Red Riding Hood

Grandma lives alone in the forest

Grandma needs groceries, but she is not in condition to takes trips into town

Grandma asks the girl to buy groceries for her

Grandma cannot see well, and she was so happy to see the girl in so long, so she mistakenly opens the door when Big Bad Wolf comes.

Grandma hyperventilates and screams as Big Bad Wolf devours her

Big Bad Wolf eats grandma and pretends to be her instead, and little red falls for the trick

Hunter came to the rescue, but the nearest doctor is 2 hours away, Little Red was rescued, but it was too late for grandma

How could Smart Home have helped?

Aging in the rural community

Online shopping

Grocery delivery

Smarter Security system

Facial recognition

Access card and biometric entrance

Activity and vital sign monitoring, and summary presentation

Emergency pendant

Telemedicine

Remote social dining

What can Gerontechnology do for you?

Monitoring and Assessment

Environmental Sensors

Wearable Sensors

Context Interpreters

Prevention and Intervention

Trouble sign identification and warning

Trend Identifier

Emergency Response

Mental/Physical couching and exercise

Rehabilitation

Assistance in occupational Therapy

Mental/Physical couching and exercise

Compensation

Automation

Multi-modal Interface Design

Electronic control

Enhancement

The Grid of Gerontechnology

Senso

ry

Cogn

itive

Moto

r

/Physical

Mobility

Social/C

om

municatio

n

Bodily

Functio

n

Com

pensatio

n

Oth

ers (e

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finan

cial)

Visio

n

Hearin

g

Mem

ory

Perce

ptio

n

Cap

tion

Screen R

ead

er

Hygie

ne A

pp

Sense

Cam

Ele

ctrical

Walke

r

Ele

ctrical

Harn

ess

Social D

inin

g

Asso

rted

transp

lants

Monitoring

Assessment

Prevention

Intervention

Rehabilitation

Enhancement

Computational Thinking

Processor’

Memory’

Input’ output’

system

Processor

Memory

input output

feedback

Calculator keypad screen

Smart Home

Controller

Database/

Harddrive

Rx info

RFID

clock

Speaker

Cell phone

feedback

Service Computing

Specialization is one of the

defining characterization of

modern society

People don’t do everything

themselves anymore

Better quality, lower cost,

higher availability

Services are interchangeable

Services are based on

contract

Services can be composed

Feel Sick

Go to the hospital

Check-in

Initial Evaluation

X-ray and chem panel

Diagnosis

Get Prescription

Fill Prescription

Render payment

Go home and

bed rest

Patient

EMT

Receptionist

Lab Scientist

Doctor

Cashier

Pharmacist

Mom

EMT1, EMT2, …

Amy, Joe, Jane,…

Doctor

Doctor

Basic Construct of Smart Environments

2011/1/14 21

Sensors

Actuators

Computation Services

Service Framework

Middleware

Application

Commands

Feedback Data

Sensor Data

Actuation

Commands

Observable

Effects

Actuators

Sensors

Sensor

Platform

Application Application

database

Data

Software Engineering

How does traditional software engineering practices

adapt to service computing?

How does software engineers take advantage of the

locally and globally available resources opportunistically?

How do we design and implement systems that are

flexible and highly adaptive?

Design for Gerontechnology

Understand how design affects the interactions between

users and systems

Design Guidelines/Principles for Older Adults

Visual Design Principles for Usable Interfaces

Computer-based/Non-computer-based HCI

Universal/Inclusive Design

Gator Tech Smart House

2011/1/14 CompSac 2007 Keynote, Sumi Helal 24

And Our Panelists

HCI Evaluation

Conducting a User Study

Hypothesis Forming

Population Design or Two-group Design

Evaluation Procedure

Data Analysis (Anova, T-test, significance, p, f…)

HCI Metrics

HCI Evaluation

Quantitative Study

Measurable experiments

Qualitative Study

Questionnaire

Focus groups

IRB (Institution Review Board)

Any research project involved human participants and expected to be published or released to public must be reviewed by IRB

For protection of both the participants, as well as the institution and the researchers

Three basic principles:

Respect for persons

Beneficence

Justice

Special cares should be placed when including women, minority, children and other people in compromised positions

Gerontechnology: Interdisciplinary Endeavor

User Needs User Requirements User Problems

Interface Design Aesthetic

Usability

User Acceptance

Gerontechnology

Service/Product

System Design

Architecture

Functions

Quality of Service

Computer Scientist Designer

Gerontologist

Gerontechnologists’ Core Competencies

Soft Skills: Mental Preparedness to work with older adult.

Ability to contribute to interdisciplinary teamwork.

Capability to manage complexity.

Aptitude to understand the applicability of technology.

Specific sets of Knowledge: Understanding of the aging process.

Understanding of computational thinking.

Understanding of software engineering practices.

Understanding the assistances that can be provided or enabled by technology.

Understanding of the guidelines for the universal/inclusive design.

Understanding of the appropriate assessment and evaluation methodologies.

Why do I care about Gerontechnology

and Smart Home Technology?

To revolutionize the elderly care in the 21st century:

better service,

lower cost,

more flexible and individualized

A new area that calls for brilliant minds with innovative

ideas

Have the potential to make immediate impacts and

improve the quality of lives of millions of older adults,

including your grandparents and parents

Products and services in this area are expected to grow

exponentially in the next few decades

Until We Meet Again…

Search the Internet to find 2 favorite gerontechnology

websites for services, products and systems.

Share with the class what the websites provide

Share with the class why you like about them