introduction to industrial safety and accident prevention

7/27/2019 Introduction to Industrial Safety and Accident Prevention

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Introduction toIndustrial Safety and

Accident Prevention


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Accident

The American National Safety Councilhas defined accident as:

that occurrence in sequence ofevents which usually producesunintended injury, death or propertydamage.


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Causes of Accidents

The causes may be human ormechanical failures. The two broadsources of the accidents may be

classified in to:

Unsafe conditions and

Unsafe actions


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Factors contributing to accidents

Mechanical

Environment

HumanHuman mechanical causes


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Mechanical causes

In adequately guarded

Unguarded

Unsafe design or constructionHazardous arrangement


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Environmental Causes

Illumination

Ventilation

TemperatureSpeed of work

Hours of Work

Spread over work periodWorkload


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Human causes

Individual factors

Age

Marriage

Education

Health

Length of Service

Work performance

Psychological Factors

Attitude towardsJob

Interest &difficulties

Machine habits

Attention Fatigue


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Personality factors

Intellectual level

Emotional maturity

Adjustment

Anxiety level

Sociological factors

Size of family

Number of

dependents

Financial position

Social Status

Interpersonalrelations

Home Environment


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Classification of accidents

Fall from height

Striking against

Struck by falling objects

Fall at same level

Overexertion

Inhalation or absorption

Contact with electricity / Electricflash

Others


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Accident Prevention

Three Es of Safety

- Engineering

- Education- Enforcement


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Controlling Accidents

Discover the causes

Control environmental causes

Control behaviorist causesSupplementary activities


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Discovering Accident Causes

The Causes of previous accidents

The existing hazards that will causeaccidents unless corrected


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Introduction

Occupational Safety andHealth Management in India

is guided by the broadpolicies of the Ministry ofLabour, Ministry of Industry

& Ministry of Environment &Forests, Govt. of India.


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Legal Provisions &

EnforcementFactories Act, 1948Environment (Protection) Act,

1986

Manufacture, Storage and Importof Hazardous Chemicals Rules,1989

Dangerous Machines(Regulation) Act, 1983


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Legal Provisions &

EnforcementOverview:Basically, major number of

industries are statutorilygoverned by the Factories Act,1948, besides other statuteswhich cover other specific

aspects of safety in theindustrial activities, e.g.treatment of effluents,

pollution control, hazardous


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Factories Act, 1948

Objective

The Factories Act has been existing in

India since 1881. The Act provides forthe health, safety, welfare and otheraspects of workers in factories.

In 1987 major amendments in the Act

were incorporated which covered threemajor areas i) basic approach ii) healthprotection & control of accidents and iii)emergency planning in the factoriesengaged in hazardous processes.


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Major Provisions

Approval, licensing and registration offactories

Duties of occupier, manufacturers etc.

Safety and Health policy andorganization

Health and hygiene standards

Safeguards for Dangerous machines,material handling, pressure plant, floors,stairs, access and covering to pits,sumps opening, etc.

Precautions against dangerous fumes,gases and explosive dust and

precautions in case of fire


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Provisions for Hazardous Process

IndustrySite Appraisal Committee

Disclosure of information toChief Inspector of Factories

Local Authority

Workers and general public,On-site emergency plan,

Medical examinations andrecords

Permissible limits of exposuresof chemicals/ substances

Right to workers to know

ec on :


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ec on - :

General Duties of the

Occupier1 Every occupier shall ensure, so far

as is reasonably practicable, thehealth, safety and welfare of all

workers while they are at work inthe factory.

2 Without prejudice to the generalityof the provisions of sub-s. (1), thematters to which such dutyextends, shall include:-

a The provision and maintenance of

plant and systems of work in the


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occupier

b The arrangements in the factory forensuring safety and absence ofrisks to health in connection withthe use, handling, storage andtransport of articles andsubstances;

c The provision of such information,instruction, training and

supervision as are necessary toensure the health and safety of allworkers at work;


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occupierd The maintenance of all places of

work in the factory in a conditionthat is safe and without risks to

health and the provision andmaintenance of such means ofaccess to, and egress from, suchplaces as are safe and without such

risks;e The provision, maintenance or

monitoring of such workingenvironment in the factory for the

workers that is safe, without risks


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occupier3 Except in such cases as may be

prescribed, every occupier shall prepare,and, as often as may be appropriate,revise, a written statement of his general

policy with respect to the health andsafety of the workers at work and theorganisation and arrangements for thetime being in force for carrying out that

policy, and to bring the statement andany revision thereof to the notice of allthe workers in such manner as may beprescribed.


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Provisions for OHS

Management The essential requirements for theAppointment of Safety Officer:

i. Wherein one thousand or more workers

are ordinarily employed, or ii. Wherein any manufacturing process or

operation is carried out involving risk ofbodily injury, poisoning or disease or anyother hazard to health to the personsemployed in the factory, the occupier shallappoint Safety Officer. The no. of SafetyOfficers is specified by State Governmentnotification.


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Appointment of Factory Medical

Officer For Factories carrying outHazardous Process*(*Hazardous Process means any

process or activity in relation to anIndustry where unless special caseis taken, raw materials used thereinor the intermediate or finished

products, bye-products, wastes oreffluents thereof would:-

Cause material impairment to thehealth of the persons engaged inor connected therewith or


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For Factories employing above 200 workers:There shall be a full time Factory Medical Officer for

factories employing up to 500 workers and one more

Medical Officer for every additional 1,000workers or Partthereof.

He should posses a Certificate of Training in Industrial

Health of minimum three months duration recognized by

the State Government, or He should posses a diploma inIndustrial Health.


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Safety Committee

Is a must in every factory

wherein 250 or more workers

are ordinarily employed, orwhich carries on any process

or operation declared to be

dangerous under Section 87 ofthe Act; or

which carries on Hazardous

Process as defined in


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Committee Composition

Management Representatives: A senior official, who by his position in

the organisation can contribute

effectively to the functioning of theCommittee, shall be the Chairman;

A Safety Officer, and a Factory MedicalOfficer wherever available and the Safety

Officer in such a case shall be Secretaryof the Committee;

A representative each from theproduction, maintenance and purchase

departments.


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Function and Duties of Safety

Committee Assisting and co-operating with the

management in achieving the aims andobjectives outlined in the Health andSafety Policyof the occupier;

Dealing with all matters concerninghealth, safety and environment and toarrive at practicable solution to problems

encountered;

Creating safety awareness amongst allworkers;

Undertaking educational, training and

promotional activities


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Discussing reports on safety, environmental andoccupational health surveys, safety audits, risk

assessment, Emergency and Disaster Management

plans and implementation of the recommendations

made in the reports;

Carrying out health and safety surveys and

identifying causes of accidents;

Looking into any complaint made on the

likelihood of an imminent danger to the safety and

health of the workers and suggesting correctivemeasures; and

Reviewing the implementation of the

recommendations made by it.

Chemicals R les


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Chemicals Rules,

1989

Objective:

To ensure prevention ofaccidents involvinghazardous chemicals in

various categories


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Major Provisions

Enforced by factory inspectorate alongwith SPCBs/ CPCB

Identification of major hazards and take

preventive steps for identified hazardsDemonstrate safe operation / emergencypreparedness.

Prepare MSDS, ensure proper lebeling ofcontainers.

Preparation of Safety Reports, in case ofexceeding threshold quantities ofhazardous chemicals storage.

Notification of sites, in case of use ofhazardous chemicals storage exceeding


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OSH Organisations

Government OSHOrganisations-

Directorate General Factory AdviceService & Labour Institutes(Founded in 1954)

Central Labour Institute and 4 Regional Labour Institutes(Founded in 1959)

State Inspectorate of Factories and


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Autonomous OSH

Organsations National Safety Council of India

(Founded in 1966)

Loss Prevention Association ofIndia (Founded in 1978)

National Environmental andEngineering Research Institute

National Institute of OccupationalHealth

Disaster Management Institute


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DISASTER MANAGEMENT

& RISK ASSESSMENTThe Ministry of Environment &

forests under EnvironmentProtection Act has constituted4-Tier Crisis Groups forDisaster Management ofChemical Accidents in the

country. The Crisis Groups willwork under the purview of theChemical Accidents

(Emergency Planning,


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The Groups are constituted at:

Country level : Central CrisisGroup

State level : State Crisis GroupDistrict level : District CrisisGroup

Industry Pocket Level : LocalCrisisGroup


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Penalty for Offences:

Any contravention of any of theprovisions of this Act or of anyrules made thereunder or of

any order in writing giventhereunder, the occupier andmanager of the factory shall

each be guilty of an offenceand punishable withimprisonment for a term which

may extend to (two years) or


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Penalty for Offences:

Provided that wherecontravention of any of theprovisions under S 87 has

resulted in an accident causingdeath or serious bodily injury,the fine shall not be less than

(twenty five thousand rupees) inthe case of an accident causingdeath, and (five thousand

rupees) in the case of an


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Penalty for Contravention of the

Provisions of SS 41-B, 41-C & 41-H

(1) Whoever fails to comply with orcontravenes any of the provision of SS41-B,41-C and 41-H or the rules madethereunder, shall, in respect of such failure

or contravention, be punishable withimprisonment for a term which may extendto seven years and with fine which mayextend to two lakh rupees, and in case the

failure or contravention continues, withadditional fine which may extend to fivethousand rupees for every day during whichsuch failure or contravention continues afterthe conviction for the first such failure or

contravention.


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Penalty for Contravention of the

Provisions of SS 41-B, 41-C & 41-H

(2) If the failure orcontravention referred to in

sub-S (1) continues beyond aperiod of one year after thedate of conviction, the offender

shall be punishable withimprisonment for a term whichmay extend to ten years.


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Statutory regulations on

Construction Safety

The Building and ConstructionWorkers (Regulation ofEmployment and Conditions of

Services) Act, 1996The Building and ConstructionWorkers (Regulation ofEmployment and Conditions of

Services) Rules, 1998.

The Central Labour Commissionerhas been designated as the

Director General of Inspections for


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Industrial Accident Statistics in

IndiaYear Non-fatal Fatal

1998 96,232 1,0261999 81,815 974

2000 28585 660


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Thank You

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