INTRODUCTION TO:

MICROSCOPIC ANATOMY & ONLINE MODULES OF HISTOLOGY

DR. BEDA OLABU

LECTURE OBJECTIVES:

1. Define microscopic anatomy and state its scope

2. Outline the hierarchal organization of the body

3. Underscore the principle of only four 4 basic tissues

4. Explain the online modules of histology and be able

to enroll successfully

5. Text books and mode of examination

MICROSCOPIC ANATOMY

Study of minute structures

using a microscope

Has two divisions:

1. Cytology: study of cells

2. Histology: study of tissues

SCOPE OF CYTOLOGY

1. Cell structure and functions of cellular

organelles

2. Cell cycle and its regulation

3. Cell division

4. Cell functional specialization

HIERARCHAL ORGANIZATION OF THE BODY

ATOMS

MOLECULES

MACROMOLECULES

ORGANELLES

THE CELL

TISSUES

ORGANS

ORGAN SYSTEMS

SCOPE OF HISTOLOGY

1. Basic histology:

Organization of the four basic tissues:

Epithelial, connective, propulsion & nervous tissues

2. Systemic histology:

Histologic structure of various organs, according to

their organ systems

COMPONENTS OF TISSUES

1. Cells

2. Extracellular matrix – fibers and ground

substance

3. Tissue fluid

THE FOUR BASIC TISSUES

1.Epithelial tissues

2.Connective or supporting tissues

3.Muscle or propulsion tissues

4.Nervous tissues

EPITHELIAL TISSUES

Cover body surfaces

General functions:

1. Protection

2. Absorption

3. Secretion

CONNECTIVE TISSUES

Tissues with predominant extracellular matrix

Offer structural & nutritional support; defense

Classification:

Generalized: tendons, ligaments e.t.c

Specialized: Cartilage, bone, blood e.t.c

PROPULSION TISSUES

Contractile cells

Types of muscle tissue:

1. Skeletal muscle

2. Cardiac muscle

3. Smooth muscle

NERVOUS TISSUE

Make up the nervous

system

Neurons – transmission of

impulses

Neuroglia: Supporting

cells

ONLINE MODULES OF HISTOLOGY

1. Histology module 1: CYTOLOGY AND BASIC

HISTOLOGY

2. Histology module 2: INTEGUMENT AND INTERGRATING

SYSTEMS

3. Histology module 3: RESPIRATORY, CIRCULATORY,

GASTROINTESTINAL AND UROGENITAL SYSTEMS

https://learning.uonbi.ac.ke

MODE OF EXAMINATION

Part of all anatomy exams (PATs, CATs, EYEs)

Takes the agreed general format of the

whole exam

Part of final mark

RESOURCE MATERIAL

1. Lecture notes

2. Manuals – histology and dissection

3. Online materials

4. Revision questions and past papers

5. Text books

RESOURCE MATERIAL: TEXTBOOKS

GROSS ANATOMY:

1. Mungai’s Dissection manuals (Vol 1 & 2)

2. Last’s Anatomy

3. Cunningham's Dissection manual (Vol 1-3)

4. Gray’s Anatomy (student’s version)

5. Netter’s atlas

RESOURCE MATERIAL: TEXTBOOKS

MICROSCOPIC ANATOMY:

1. Kimani’s text and manual

2. JUNQUEIRA, CARNEIRO - BASIC HISTOLOGY TEXT and ATLAS

3. HISTOLOGY-WHEATERS FUNCTIONAL HISTOLOGY

4. Ross Histology- 6th Ed

RESOURCE MATERIAL: TEXTBOOKS

DEVELOPMENTAL ANATOMY (EMBRYOLOGY):

1. Clinically oriented embryology –The

Developing Human

2. Langman’s Medical Embryology (12th Ed.)

ANATOMY EXAMS: TYPES

Progress Assessment Tests (PATs)

Continuous Assessment Tests (CATs)

End of Year Exam (EYE)

ANATOMY EXAMS: FORMAT

1. Multiple Choice Questions (MCQs)

2. Short Answer Questions (SAQs)

3. Structured Essay Questions (LAQs)

4. Spot exam (marathon)

5. Viva voce (oral exam)

THE END