INTRODUCTION TO

NANOBIOTECHNOLOGY

JOSEPH ASAMOAH-ASARE

Richard P. Feynman (nobelist,1965)is credited with the birth of nanotechnology. 1959

Challenged the scientific communityThere’ s no question that there is enough room on the head of a pin to put all of the Encyclopedia Britannica,… I’m not inventing antigravity, which is possible someday only if the laws are not what we think. I am telling what could be done if the laws are what we think; we are not doing it simply because we haven’t yet gotten around to it.”

HISTORY

Nanobiotechnology was initiated by the development of AFM that enables imaging at atomic level in 1980

Nano:

• The word nano is from the Greek word ‘Nanos’ meaning Dwarf. It is a prefix used to describe "one

billionth" of something, or 0.000000001.

A prefix that means very, very, small.

NANOSCALE

1.27 × 107 m 0.22 m

0.7 nm22 cm

12,756 Km

0.7 × 10-9 m

10 millions times smaller

1 billion times smaller

NANOSCALE Cont.

Water molecule

NanodevicesNanopores

DendrimersNanotubesQuantum dotsNanoshells

White blood cellTennis ball

NANOTECHNOLOGY+BIOTECHNOLOGY

NANOBIOTECHNOLOGY

NANOTECHNOLOGY• Nanotechnology, shortened to

"nanotech", is the study of the controlling of matter on an atomic and molecular scale. Generally nanotechnology deals with structures sized 100 nanometres or smaller in at least one dimension, and involves developing materials or devices within that size.

WHAT IS NANOBIOTECHNOLOGY

An engineered DNA strand pRNA tiny motorSemiconducting metal junction formed by two carbon nanotubes

Nanobiotechnology is the creation of functional materials, devices and systems, through the understanding and control of matter at dimensions in the nanometer scale length (1-100 nm), where new functionalities and properties of matter are observed and harnessed for a broad range of applications

NANOFABRICATION •Bottom up approach

o molecular systems

o biomolecules

•Top down approach

oUV lithography

oIonic gelation

•Atomic force microscopy

•Electron microscopy

•Scanning Tunneling Microscope

•Magnetic resonance imaging

•Zetasizer

ANALYTICAL TOOLS IN NANOBIOTECHNOLOGY

APPLICATIONS OF NANOBIOTECHNOLOGY

• Biological imaging for medical diagnostics.

• Advanced drug delivery systems.

• Biosensors for airborne chemicals or other toxins.

• Regenerative medicine:• More durable, rejection-

resistant artificial tissues and organs.

Nanobiotechnology in diagnosis

• Higher sensitivity: detection of early biomarkers

• Non- invasive and painless diagnostic techniques

• Genetic testing for individual therapy selection

• Targeted drug delivery− Nanoparticles containing drugs

are coated with targeting agents (e.g. conjugated antibodies)

− The nanoparticles circulate through the blood vessels and reach the target cells

− Drugs are released directly into the targeted cells

Nanobiotechnology in drug delivery

• Thermal ablation of cancer cells− Nanoshells have metallic outer

layer and silica core

− Selectively attracted to cancer shells either through a phenomena called enhanced permeation retention or due to some molecules coated on the shells

− The nanoshells are heated with an external energy source killing the cancer cells

Thermal ablation of cancer cells assisted by nanoshells coated with metallic layer and an external energy source – National Cancer Institute

Nanobiotechnology in drug delivery

FUTURE GOALS AND CONCERNS OF NANOBIOTECHNOLOGY

•Nanobiotechnology may be able to create many new materials and devices with a vast range of applications, such as in medicine, biomaterials and energy production.

•Nanobiotechnology raises many of the same issues as with any introduction of new technology, including concerns about the toxicity and environmental impact of nanomaterials, and their potential effects on global economics.

THANK YOU