introduction to psychology presentation

8/14/2019 Introduction to Psychology Presentation

1/22

Introduction to

Psychology


2/22

Presentation on

ResearchTopic: Smoking


3/22

By;

Syed Owais Ali (SP07-

BB-0135)Nabeel Hussain (SP07-

BB-0124)

Raheel Khan (Sp07-BB-0131)


4/22

Research OverviewSmoking is a vast topic and it cover a series of

topics in it.

Our selection is to see the effect of smoking onthe personality.

The subjects are selected from common peopleincluding age of 19-40.

Research is conducting on a small scale.

Method use in this research is a Survey

Method.By this research we conclude that good

company creates good mind.


5/22

Something about Smoking

Tobacco was discovered by the Spanish sailors onthe American shores at about 1500 CE (900 AH).

As early as the Seventeenth Century, theEuropean countries realized the dangers of

smoking and fought against it Laws.Nowadays, the Western countries continue their

attempts to protect their peoples from the harmsof smoking, by using media means, ordain laws

and regulations.


6/22

Definition;

Smoking refers to the action of lighting acigarette, a pipe, a cigar, a water pipe, orany other object made from tobacco or

materials of similar effects.The main ingredient of smoking is Smoke

which is inhaled into the chest and thenexhaled from the nose and mouth.


7/22

Our Objective

Smoking is the single most important avoidablecause of premature morbidity and mortality inthe world.

It is a major public health problem in Pakistan.The objectives of this study is to assess

smoking status and its relationship topersonal characteristics.

How do people think about there smoking?What they like or dislike?

Who is responsible for making smoking as ahobby?


8/22

Introduction

Smoking is a costly behavior, act as extrafinancial burden.

In China, smokers in the Minhang district

spend 17% of their household income oncigarettes (Gong et al, 1995).

In Karachi (Merchant et al, 1998), ex-smokers reported spending 25% of the

total household income on this habit.


9/22

Previous Researches

SMOKING AMONG ADULT MALES IN AN URBANCOMMUNITY OF KARACHI, PAKISTAN

Conducted research in the period of January andFebruary 2002.

The majority of smokers (55%) began smokingwhen younger than 25 years, smoked for morethan 5 years (53%), smoked more than

10 cigarettes a day (55%) and smoked in publicplaces (82%).

In conclusion, smoking is a major problem inespecially in younger age groups.

There is an urgent need for health promotion andanti-tobacco education


10/22

SMOKING ON THE RISE AMONGSCHOOLGIRLS

A research study is for a complete ban on tobaccoads and strict enforcement of the anti-tobaccohealth ordinance.

The research study is conducted by Dr Javaid A.

Khan, Dr Suleman Haq and Dr Hammad Ganatraof the Pulmonary and Critical Care MedicineDepartment of Aga Khan University.

Under the survey, a sample of 644 girls attendinggrades 8 to 12 in government and private schools

has been taken from Clifton, Gulshan-i-Iqbal andthe PECHS.

The study shows that 16.3 per cent studentssmoked at least once in their life.


11/22

Research Method;

The method we use is a survey method.

In which first we did spiral study then we gofor the final study.

Subject;

We choose forty people of age group 19-40years all are males.

Link with different occupation major part ofthis group is of students.


12/22

From spiral study we find that people feel hesitation

while telling us about there smoking habit.They dont want to share how they start.

The major part is on there way of smoking that;

what they like ?

what makes difficult for them to leavesmoking ?

how they can avoid this habit ?

Then we keep all these things in our mind before

doing final study.


13/22

Analysis and Result

For calculating the result we calculate the percentages;

In the group of forty people we found;

Began smoking when younger 55%/100%

Most of the persons taking cigarettes more 55%/100%then ten per day

Intending to stop smoking in next 6 months 45%/100%

Confident of get rid of Smoking 20%/100%


14/22

According to them good things of Smoking are;

Relaxation 60%/100%Helps to break up there working time 15%/100%

Cope up with stress 85%/100%Enjoy it 95%/100%

Something to do with friends 100%/100%

According to them bad things of Smoking are;Expensive 90%/100%Bad for Health 95%/100%

Dependent on cigarettes 20%/100%Make my clothes and mouth smell 10%/100%

Bad example for children 80%/100%People around me dislike it 75%/100%

Makes me less fit 40%/100%


15/22


16/22

Discussion

The National Health Survey of Pakistan (NHS,P) (PakistanMedical Research Council, 1998), reported that 29% of males(15 years and above) were smokers.

After that the published study from northern Pakistan (Shah etal, 2001) showed the prevalence of smoking among adultmales as 44%.

In our study, 34% of respondents were current smokers, whichare higher than that documented in the NHS, P.

We are saying this because according to our research theysmoke 10 or more cigarettes in a day that shows the yarestrongly indulge in this habit.


17/22

Continueee..A possible reason might be that there has been an

ongoing rise in smoking prevalence in developingcountries (WHO, 1997; 1999), including Pakistan,since the NHS, P was conducted in 1992.

In different parts of the world (Pakistan Medical

Research Council, 1998; Jarallah et al, 1999), thehighest prevalence of smoking is found among theyounger age groups and falls steadily in older

age.

The level of education has been associated withsmoking in a large number of studies (Narayan etal, 1996; Merchant et al, 1998). In those studies,an inverse relationship was seen between the levelof education and the prevalence of smoking.


18/22

The NHS,P(Pakistan Medical Research Council,1998)

reported that the majority of smokers belonged tolow-income groups.

Our study showed no significant associationbetween the different income groups. As we

emphasize on effects but for an idea peopleinvest in smoking because of there passion.


19/22

ConclusionOn overall evaluation smoking is consider as a great

pleasure as it give relief from stress and also itgive the feeling of enjoyment.

People dont want to leave smoking behind this

main reason is there gatherings and also theystart smoking with friends and colleagues.

We conclude that according to the people thinkingthe good things for the smoking are few and they

also know the bad things for smoking but stillthey feel it difficult to stop smoking.


20/22


21/22

Suggestions

More research is required to explore the variousfactors responsible for smoking among differentpopulations.

Intervention studies should be conducted to bring

change and to stop the causes for initiating,continuing and quitting smoking.

The most effective methods for antismoking programsshould be explored.

Prohibition of cigarette sales to youngsters,prohibition of smoking in public places, and a banon smoking advertisements are important steps inthis regard.


22/22

introduction to psychology presentation

Documents