introduction to russian phonology and word structure ch. 3: the description of consonants
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Introduction to Russian phonology and word structure
Ch. 3: The description of consonants
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Group work
• Quiz each other on the parameters of the table on p. 18
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Q&A from handout
• What sounds in the table do not have Russian letters?
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Q&A from handout
• What sounds in the table do not have Russian letters?– š, and ž, and ɣ and ʒ and ǯ– What role do they play?
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Q&A from handout
• 3. What sounds in the table do not have Russian letters?– š, and ž, and ɣ and ʒ and ǯ– What role do they play?– Symmetry! Note, however, that the place of
articulation for š, and ž, is different than that of š and ž and these sounds are restricted to certain environments (see pp. 21-22)
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Q&A from handout
• 4. Most of the blank spaces could be filled (compare with the IPA chart). What could be there?
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Q&A from handout
• 4. Most of the blank spaces could be filled (compare with the IPA chart). What could be there?– Velar nasal, voiceless r, uvular r, ŋ, th, glottal
stop…
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Q&A from handout
• 5. Note that some of the designations in the table are somewhat simplified or arbitrary. The Russian [v] is not fully an obstruent and sometimes acts like a glide, as we’ll see. Why might this be?
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Q&A from handout
• 5. Note that some of the designations in the table are somewhat simplified or arbitrary. The Russian [v] is not fully an obstruent and sometimes acts like a glide, as we’ll see. The relatively recent history of this sound helps us understand its status.
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Q&A from handout
• Discuss #6. Note the connectedness of phones in the chart. It is very real! Every phone bears a series of relationships to other phones and this affects their behavior as subgroups.
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Q&A from handout
• 7. What is the difference between palatal & palatalized?
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Q&A from handout
• 7. What is the difference between palatal & palatalized?– Palatal is a primary articulation, it describes
an essential property of a sound – Palatalized is a secondary articulation, it
describes an additional, not a primary articulation
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Q&A from handout
• 8. What is the issue with the palatalized labials?
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Q&A from handout
• 8. What is the issue with the palatalized labials?– There is a conflict between the primary and
secondary tonality. Labials are naturally very low in tonality (like velars). Palatalization gives a heightened tonality. This is an unstable combination and can dissimilate/diphthongize, cf. Cz běžet [bježet]
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Q&A from handout
• 9. What is the vocalic version of [v]?
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Q&A from handout
• 9. What is the vocalic version of [v]?– [u]! The parallelism between [i] and [u] will
become clear when we get to the vowels…
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Q&A from handout
• 10. Transcribe– дач– вял– боль– свой– рожь
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Q&A from handout
• 10. Transcribe– дач [da’č,]– вял [v,a’l]– боль [bo’ļ]– свой [svo’j]– рожь [ro’ž]
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Q&A from handout
• 11. Write the correct Russian word:– [p,a’n]– [jo’š]– [po’t]– [p,jo’t]– [la’j]
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Q&A from handout
• 11. Write the correct Russian word:– [p,a’n] пян– [jo’š] еж– [po’t] пот– [p,jo’t] пьет– [la’j] лай
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Q&A from handout
• 12. What do they have in common?– š, ž, č, j ǯ,
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Q&A from handout
• 12. What do they have in common?– š, ž, č, j ǯ, – Palatals– f s š x
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Q&A from handout
• 12. What do they have in common?– š, ž, č, j ǯ, – Palatals– f s š x– Voiceless fricatives– p b m
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Q&A from handout
• 12. What do they have in common?– š, ž, č, j ǯ, – Palatals– f s š x– Voiceless fricatives– p b m– Labials– p t k
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Q&A from handout
• 12. What do they have in common?– š, ž, č, j ǯ, – Palatals– f s š x– Voiceless fricatives– p b m– Labials– p t k– Voiceless stops
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A couple of last notes...
• It is very important to remember that Russian, unlike English, lacks aspiration! Can you pronounce unaspirated voiceless stops accurately???
• Note that Russian [t] and [d] are true dentals, unlike English t and d. Russians can hear the difference! Can you????
• Getting these two things right will do a LOT to reduce your foreign accent!