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Introduction to Science Background Information

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Page 1: Introduction to Science Background Information Observation When you use 1 or more of the senses to learn something about the environment Instruments

Introduction to Science

Background Information

Page 2: Introduction to Science Background Information Observation When you use 1 or more of the senses to learn something about the environment Instruments

Observation

• When you use 1 or more of the senses to learn something about the environment

• Instruments can increase the power of observation

Page 3: Introduction to Science Background Information Observation When you use 1 or more of the senses to learn something about the environment Instruments

Examples

Meter Stick

Page 4: Introduction to Science Background Information Observation When you use 1 or more of the senses to learn something about the environment Instruments

Thermometer

Page 5: Introduction to Science Background Information Observation When you use 1 or more of the senses to learn something about the environment Instruments

Microscope Balance

Page 6: Introduction to Science Background Information Observation When you use 1 or more of the senses to learn something about the environment Instruments

Seismograph

Page 7: Introduction to Science Background Information Observation When you use 1 or more of the senses to learn something about the environment Instruments

Examples

Page 8: Introduction to Science Background Information Observation When you use 1 or more of the senses to learn something about the environment Instruments

Inference

• An interpretation made based on the observation.

An inference is a

Page 9: Introduction to Science Background Information Observation When you use 1 or more of the senses to learn something about the environment Instruments

Inferencevs

Observation

Page 10: Introduction to Science Background Information Observation When you use 1 or more of the senses to learn something about the environment Instruments

The color of the classroom is blue.

Inference Observation

Page 11: Introduction to Science Background Information Observation When you use 1 or more of the senses to learn something about the environment Instruments

The color of the classroom is blue.

Inference Observation

Page 12: Introduction to Science Background Information Observation When you use 1 or more of the senses to learn something about the environment Instruments

The rock was formed while underwater.

Inference Observation

Page 13: Introduction to Science Background Information Observation When you use 1 or more of the senses to learn something about the environment Instruments

The rock was formed while underwater.

Inference Observation

Page 14: Introduction to Science Background Information Observation When you use 1 or more of the senses to learn something about the environment Instruments

The planet earth is flat.

Inference Observation

Page 15: Introduction to Science Background Information Observation When you use 1 or more of the senses to learn something about the environment Instruments

The planet earth is flat.

Inference Observation

Page 16: Introduction to Science Background Information Observation When you use 1 or more of the senses to learn something about the environment Instruments

The temperature on Friday was 20.7oC

Inference Observation

Page 17: Introduction to Science Background Information Observation When you use 1 or more of the senses to learn something about the environment Instruments

The temperature on Friday was 20.7oC

Inference Observation

Page 18: Introduction to Science Background Information Observation When you use 1 or more of the senses to learn something about the environment Instruments

With your partner list 1 more observation

&1 more inference

Page 19: Introduction to Science Background Information Observation When you use 1 or more of the senses to learn something about the environment Instruments

Measurement• Contains a # and a unit

3.1 mm 7 min 32.4 mL 17.21 g

Page 20: Introduction to Science Background Information Observation When you use 1 or more of the senses to learn something about the environment Instruments

Measurement

• Contains a # and a unit

3.1 mm 7 min 32.4 mL 17.21 g

Page 21: Introduction to Science Background Information Observation When you use 1 or more of the senses to learn something about the environment Instruments

Metric vs English units

Unit Metric English

TimeLengthMassVolume

Page 22: Introduction to Science Background Information Observation When you use 1 or more of the senses to learn something about the environment Instruments

Metric vs English units

Unit Metric English

Time mins, sec mins, sec

Page 23: Introduction to Science Background Information Observation When you use 1 or more of the senses to learn something about the environment Instruments

Metric vs English units

Unit Metric English

Length meter, mm, cm yard, inch, mile km

Page 24: Introduction to Science Background Information Observation When you use 1 or more of the senses to learn something about the environment Instruments

Metric vs English units

Unit Metric English

Mass gram, mg, kg oz, lb

Page 25: Introduction to Science Background Information Observation When you use 1 or more of the senses to learn something about the environment Instruments

Metric vs English units

Unit Metric English

Volume liter, mL, cL, kL fluid oz, pt, qt

Page 26: Introduction to Science Background Information Observation When you use 1 or more of the senses to learn something about the environment Instruments

Some measurements need a combination of units

Volume

Density

Pressure

Rate

Page 27: Introduction to Science Background Information Observation When you use 1 or more of the senses to learn something about the environment Instruments

Some measurements need a combination of units

Volume cc cm3

Density

Pressure

Rate

Page 28: Introduction to Science Background Information Observation When you use 1 or more of the senses to learn something about the environment Instruments

Some measurements need a combination of units

Volume

Density g/cm3 Kg/L

Pressure

Rate

Page 29: Introduction to Science Background Information Observation When you use 1 or more of the senses to learn something about the environment Instruments

Some measurements need a combination of units

Volume

Density

Pressure lb/in2 Millibar (mb)

Rate

Page 30: Introduction to Science Background Information Observation When you use 1 or more of the senses to learn something about the environment Instruments

Some measurements need a combination of units

Volume

Density

Pressure

Rate mi/hr km/hr

Page 31: Introduction to Science Background Information Observation When you use 1 or more of the senses to learn something about the environment Instruments

Rounding Rules• > 5 round up

• < 5 round down

Page 32: Introduction to Science Background Information Observation When you use 1 or more of the senses to learn something about the environment Instruments

Round to the nearest hundredth place

4.567 mL

17.256 cm3

0.115002 g

2,594 km

Page 33: Introduction to Science Background Information Observation When you use 1 or more of the senses to learn something about the environment Instruments

Round to the nearest hundredth place

4.567 mL 4.57 mL

17.256 cm3 17.26 cm3

0.115002 g 0.12 g

2,594 km 2,594.00 km

Page 34: Introduction to Science Background Information Observation When you use 1 or more of the senses to learn something about the environment Instruments

Scientific Notation

• Move the decimal point until you get a # between 1 – 9

7,621,229.41

7.62122941

Page 35: Introduction to Science Background Information Observation When you use 1 or more of the senses to learn something about the environment Instruments

Scientific Notation

• Move the decimal point until you get a # between 1 – 9

• Count the # of places you moved the decimal (exponent)

7.62122941 x 106

Page 36: Introduction to Science Background Information Observation When you use 1 or more of the senses to learn something about the environment Instruments

Scientific Notation

• Move the decimal point until you get a # between 1 – 9

• Count the # of places you moved the decimal (exponent)

• If you move the decimal to the left the exponent is positive (+)

7.62122941 x 106

Page 37: Introduction to Science Background Information Observation When you use 1 or more of the senses to learn something about the environment Instruments

Scientific Notation

• If you move the decimal to the right the exponent is negitive (-)

.0026984221

Page 38: Introduction to Science Background Information Observation When you use 1 or more of the senses to learn something about the environment Instruments

Scientific Notation

• If you move the decimal to the right the exponent is negative (-)

.0026984221 = 2.6984221 x 10-3

Page 39: Introduction to Science Background Information Observation When you use 1 or more of the senses to learn something about the environment Instruments

You Try…

36.4

0.00000591

95,321.2

0.259

Page 40: Introduction to Science Background Information Observation When you use 1 or more of the senses to learn something about the environment Instruments

Did you enter these #’s?

36.4 3.64 x 101

0.00000591 5.91 x 10-6

95,321.2 9.53212 x 104

0.259 2.59 x 10-1

Page 41: Introduction to Science Background Information Observation When you use 1 or more of the senses to learn something about the environment Instruments

Why is this important?

Page 42: Introduction to Science Background Information Observation When you use 1 or more of the senses to learn something about the environment Instruments

Which number is smaller?

48,532,221,795,561.548

98,241,542,001.259542113

Page 43: Introduction to Science Background Information Observation When you use 1 or more of the senses to learn something about the environment Instruments

If they are in scientific notation it’s easy!

4.8532221795561548 x 1013

9.8214542001259542113 x 1010

Page 44: Introduction to Science Background Information Observation When you use 1 or more of the senses to learn something about the environment Instruments

Just Look At The Exponents!!!

9.8214542001259542113 x 1010

Page 45: Introduction to Science Background Information Observation When you use 1 or more of the senses to learn something about the environment Instruments

Density

D = MassVolume

Page 46: Introduction to Science Background Information Observation When you use 1 or more of the senses to learn something about the environment Instruments

What happens to density if the mass stays the same but

volume increases?

D = MassVolume

Page 47: Introduction to Science Background Information Observation When you use 1 or more of the senses to learn something about the environment Instruments

Plug is some numbers to find out.

D = MassVolume

Page 48: Introduction to Science Background Information Observation When you use 1 or more of the senses to learn something about the environment Instruments

Plug is some numbers to find out.

1 1 1 12 4 10 100

.5 .25 .1 .01

Page 49: Introduction to Science Background Information Observation When you use 1 or more of the senses to learn something about the environment Instruments

Density decreases as volume increases!!!

1 1 1 12 4 10 100

.5 .25 .1 .01

Page 50: Introduction to Science Background Information Observation When you use 1 or more of the senses to learn something about the environment Instruments

Graphs• Easy to understand

• Shows if a change occurred

• Three types

Page 51: Introduction to Science Background Information Observation When you use 1 or more of the senses to learn something about the environment Instruments

Direct Relationship

Page 52: Introduction to Science Background Information Observation When you use 1 or more of the senses to learn something about the environment Instruments

Indirect Relationship

Page 53: Introduction to Science Background Information Observation When you use 1 or more of the senses to learn something about the environment Instruments

Indirect Relationship

Page 54: Introduction to Science Background Information Observation When you use 1 or more of the senses to learn something about the environment Instruments

Cyclic Relationship

Page 55: Introduction to Science Background Information Observation When you use 1 or more of the senses to learn something about the environment Instruments

Cyclic Relationship

Page 56: Introduction to Science Background Information Observation When you use 1 or more of the senses to learn something about the environment Instruments

No Relationship

Page 57: Introduction to Science Background Information Observation When you use 1 or more of the senses to learn something about the environment Instruments

Formal Graph

• Label both axes (with units)

• Develop appropriate scale

• Make graph as large as possible

• Title graph

• Plot all points and connect with line

Page 58: Introduction to Science Background Information Observation When you use 1 or more of the senses to learn something about the environment Instruments

Sketching a graph

• Quick

• To show trends or relationship


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