introduction to solar euv emission line imaging spectroscopy
DESCRIPTION
Introduction to Solar EUV Emission Line Imaging Spectroscopy. 国立天文台 渡 邊 鉄 哉. 目次 1a. Coronal Condition と輻射・衝突モデル 1b. Ionization Equilibrium Line Intensity 2. 温度診断 (Temperature Diagnostics) 3. 密度診断 (Density Diagnostics) Line Profile 1c. スリットレス・輝線撮像分光 (overlappograph) - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
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CDS CDAW during 4-7 February 2004
Solar EUV Emission Line Imaging Spectroscopy
Tetsuya Watanabe ( NAOJ)
Introduction to Solar EUV Emission Line Imaging
Spectroscopy
国立天文台渡 邊 鉄 哉
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CDS CDAW during 4-7 February 2004
Solar EUV Emission Line Imaging Spectroscopy
Tetsuya Watanabe ( NAOJ)
目次 1a. Coronal Condition と輻射・衝突モデル 1b. Ionization Equilibrium Line Intensity 2. 温度診断 (Temperature Diagnostics) 3. 密度診断 (Density Diagnostics)Line Profile 1c. スリットレス・輝線撮像分光 (overlappogr
aph)
4. 速度診断 (Velocity Diagnostics)Combining both? 5. Non (Ionization) Equilibrium
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CDS CDAW during 4-7 February 2004
Solar EUV Emission Line Imaging Spectroscopy
Tetsuya Watanabe ( NAOJ)
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CDS CDAW during 4-7 February 2004
Solar EUV Emission Line Imaging Spectroscopy
Tetsuya Watanabe ( NAOJ)
太陽外層大気の一次元モデル
CIV 1550Å
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CDS CDAW during 4-7 February 2004
Solar EUV Emission Line Imaging Spectroscopy
Tetsuya Watanabe ( NAOJ)
Spectroscopic Solar AtmospheresPhotosphere; radiative transfer (LTE)
continuum, weak (photospheric) lines absorption → optically thinChromosphere; radiative transfer (non-LTE)
strong (chromospheric) lines (NaID, CaIIH&K, MgIIh&k, HIC=Hα, CI/II, Lyα...) → optically thin, temperature inversion → emission lines
Transitioin region/Corona; statistical equilibriumall lines → optically thin, emission lines
--------------------------Optical depth; “optically thin”
CIVλ1548Å: τ0 ~ 10-2
→ Statistical Equilibrium (collisional-radiative model) el
ioneel
D
n
nnAn
fmc
elnLl
8.0
1 ;
2/1
2
000
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CDS CDAW during 4-7 February 2004
Solar EUV Emission Line Imaging Spectroscopy
Tetsuya Watanabe ( NAOJ)
連続光の opacity
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CDS CDAW during 4-7 February 2004
Solar EUV Emission Line Imaging Spectroscopy
Tetsuya Watanabe ( NAOJ)
SXV 5.04Å
Solar transition region &corona
SUMER spectra Yohkoh/BCS
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CDS CDAW during 4-7 February 2004
Solar EUV Emission Line Imaging Spectroscopy
Tetsuya Watanabe ( NAOJ)
Statistical Equilibrium → collisional-radiative model
dni/dt = (∫j + Σj) Pijni - (∫j + Σj) Pjinj ~ 0
(∫j + Σj) nj = N (N; total no. of particles)
Pij = Cij + Rij Pji = Cji + Rji
Coronal Condition○ Collisional excitation – Radiative decay○ Collisional (auto) ionization – Radiative (dielectronic) recombination
→ Pij ~ Cij Pji ~ Rji (+Cji)
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CDS CDAW during 4-7 February 2004
Solar EUV Emission Line Imaging Spectroscopy
Tetsuya Watanabe ( NAOJ)
Coronal Condition Rate (cm-3s-1) Characteristic time (s) opt.thin low n
Collisional excitation nineCij 2×10-3
Radiative excitation (absorption) niBij4πJ ×
Collisional deexcitation nj*neCji 2×10-3 ×
Spontaneous radiative decay njAji 4×10-9
Collisional ionization nenionqcoll 107
Autoionization nenionqauto
Phtoionization nionαrad4πJ ×
Total ionization nenionqtot 107
Radiative recombination nenionαrad 88
Dielectronic recombination nenionαdiel
Three-body recombination (collisional recombination) ×
Total recombination rate nenionαtot 88
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CDS CDAW during 4-7 February 2004
Solar EUV Emission Line Imaging Spectroscopy
Tetsuya Watanabe ( NAOJ)
Dielectronic recombination/Autoionization
X+z(nl) + e (E, l”+1)↔ X+(z-1)(n’l+1; n”l”)
X+(z-1)(n’l+1; n”l”) → X+(z-1)(nl; n”l”) + hν
← X+(z-1)(nl; n”l”) + e
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CDS CDAW during 4-7 February 2004
Solar EUV Emission Line Imaging Spectroscopy
Tetsuya Watanabe ( NAOJ)
Ionization Equilibrium; Relaxation Time Scales
Brooks et al. (1999)
Neτequil ~ 1012 cm-3sec
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CDS CDAW during 4-7 February 2004
Solar EUV Emission Line Imaging Spectroscopy
Tetsuya Watanabe ( NAOJ)
Line intensity of a permitted line (j → i)
)exp(
)()(
)(
)(
)(
)(
)(
)(
)(
)(
)(
2
02
16
1063.8 kTE
aTC
XNNC
XNCNNA
NNHN
HNXN
XNXN
XNXN
N
NA
e
ij
i
ij
eij
m
eijij
ij
m
ijejji
ee
m
m
m
j
j
jjiij
ij
hc
hc
←radiative-collisional model
excited state << ground state
(Emissivity /volume)
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CDS CDAW during 4-7 February 2004
Solar EUV Emission Line Imaging Spectroscopy
Tetsuya Watanabe ( NAOJ)
factorGaunt ; strength oscillator ;
potential ionizationhydrogen ;
3
8
energyelectron incident ; radiusBohr ;
)()(/
strengthcollision ; weight lstatistica ;
ij
20
wellmax
22
0
0
gf
I
Ka
vdvvfvnnCnn
ij
H
ijiij
H
i
v
ijieijieii
ij
ij
iji
fgEI
Ka
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CDS CDAW during 4-7 February 2004
Solar EUV Emission Line Imaging Spectroscopy
Tetsuya Watanabe ( NAOJ)
TkTE
XNXN
TG
NHN
HNXNhc
NTG
e
eij
m
ei
ij
ij
eij
2/1
6
2
)/exp()()(
)(
)()()(
1063.8
)(
G(T); contribution function
↑ ion fraction
↓element abundance
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CDS CDAW during 4-7 February 2004
Solar EUV Emission Line Imaging Spectroscopy
Tetsuya Watanabe ( NAOJ)
dTTTG
dSdTT
NTG
dTTdVNTdh
dTdSdhdV
dVNTG
dVNTGI
e
e
em
e
)()(
1)(
)(
l)(isotherma )(
)(
2
2
2
2
← differential emission measure
← emission measure
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CDS CDAW during 4-7 February 2004
Solar EUV Emission Line Imaging Spectroscopy
Tetsuya Watanabe ( NAOJ)
Temperature diagnostics ← Intensity ratio of two permitted lines at the same ionization stage
Li-like; (2s-3p, 2s-3s, 2p-3d) / (2s-2p) OVI, NeVIII, MgX, …He-like; Gabriel (1972) resonance/dielectronic satellites inner-shell excitation lines
]/)(exp[)(
)(eikij
ij
ik
ik
ij
ik
ij kTEE
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CDS CDAW during 4-7 February 2004
Solar EUV Emission Line Imaging Spectroscopy
Tetsuya Watanabe ( NAOJ)
SXVI
SXV
SXIV
1s
1s22s 1s22p
1S 1s2
1s2s2p1s2p2
3S 1s2s1P 1s2p3P 1s2p
q
q
j, k
j, k
z
z
x
y
x, y
w
w
(Li-like)
(He-like)
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CDS CDAW during 4-7 February 2004
Solar EUV Emission Line Imaging Spectroscopy
Tetsuya Watanabe ( NAOJ)
SXV temperatature diagnostics w
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CDS CDAW during 4-7 February 2004
Solar EUV Emission Line Imaging Spectroscopy
Tetsuya Watanabe ( NAOJ)
Temperature Sensitive Line Pairs (CDSn,g/SUMER)
ION Wavelength (λ) OIII 702.98g/599.59nOV 172.17g/629.73nOVI 184g/1032sNeV 359n/572.20n 365n/572.20n
416.20g/569.20n or 572.20nMgIX 705.80g/749gSiXI 604n/580.90n
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CDS CDAW during 4-7 February 2004
Solar EUV Emission Line Imaging Spectroscopy
Tetsuya Watanabe ( NAOJ)
Differential Emission Measure
FeVIII(log T=5.6), IX, X, XI, XII, XIII, XIV, XV, XV, XVI, XVII (log T=6.5)
MgVI(log T=5.6), VII, VIII, IX (log T=6.0)
SiVII(log T=5.8), VIII, IX, X (log T=6.0)
NeV (log T=5.5), VI, VII, VIII (log T=5.8)
NeI (log T=4.4), III (log T=4.9)
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CDS CDAW during 4-7 February 2004
Solar EUV Emission Line Imaging Spectroscopy
Tetsuya Watanabe ( NAOJ)
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CDS CDAW during 4-7 February 2004
Solar EUV Emission Line Imaging Spectroscopy
Tetsuya Watanabe ( NAOJ)
Density diagnostics ← collisional deexcitation ~ radiative decay
1. Allowed line excited from the ground statevs.
2a. Forbidden line originating from metastable levels
2b. Allowed lines excited from metastable levels
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CDS CDAW during 4-7 February 2004
Solar EUV Emission Line Imaging Spectroscopy
Tetsuya Watanabe ( NAOJ)
Helium-like ion
resonance line (w) ; 1s2 1S – 1s2p 1P
forbidden line (z); 1s2 1S – 1s2s 3S
intersystem line (x,y); 1s2 1S – 1s2p 3P
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CDS CDAW during 4-7 February 2004
Solar EUV Emission Line Imaging Spectroscopy
Tetsuya Watanabe ( NAOJ)
SXVI
SXV
SXIV
1s
1s22s 1s22p
1S 1s2
1s2s2p1s2p2
3S 1s2s1P 1s2p3P 1s2p
q
q
j, k
j, k
z
z
x
y
x, y
w
w
(He-like)
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CDS CDAW during 4-7 February 2004
Solar EUV Emission Line Imaging Spectroscopy
Tetsuya Watanabe ( NAOJ)
SXV density diagnostics
Te = 9×106 K
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CDS CDAW during 4-7 February 2004
Solar EUV Emission Line Imaging Spectroscopy
Tetsuya Watanabe ( NAOJ)
Four level case
R=(n4A42)/(n3A31)
n4(A42+A41)=n1neC14+n2neC24
n3(A32+A31)=n1neC13+n2neC23
n1ne(C12+C13+C14)=n4A41+n3A31+n2(A21+neC21)
4
3
2
1
C13 A31 A32
C14 <<C13~C24
C14 C24 A42 C23
C12C21 A21
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CDS CDAW during 4-7 February 2004
Solar EUV Emission Line Imaging Spectroscopy
Tetsuya Watanabe ( NAOJ)
αji≡Aji/(Aj1+Aj2)
R={α42[C14+(n2/n1)C24]}/{α31[C13+(n2/n1)C23]}
n2/n1=(C12+C13α32+C14α42)/
(A21/ne+C21+C23α31+C24α41)
∴ R = (α42C14)/(α31C13) for low density (n2/n1 << 1)
(neC12 A≒ 21; density sensitive)
~ const for high density (n2/n1 ~ const)
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CDS CDAW during 4-7 February 2004
Solar EUV Emission Line Imaging Spectroscopy
Tetsuya Watanabe ( NAOJ)
FeXIV density sensitive line ratio
λ 274.21Å 3s23p 2P1/2 (1) – 3s3p2 2S1/2 (3)
λ 264.79Å 3s23p 2P3/2 (2) – 3s3p2 2P3/2 (4)λ5303Å
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CDS CDAW during 4-7 February 2004
Solar EUV Emission Line Imaging Spectroscopy
Tetsuya Watanabe ( NAOJ)
Iron ion density sensitive line pairs (CDS)
Ion Wavelength (λ) FeX 175.27/174.53g FeXI 180.41,184.70/181.14g FeXII 186.87,196.64/193.51g
338.27/364.47n FeXIII 202.04, 201.12/200.02g, 203.79g
318.12, 348.18/320.80,359.64n FeXIV 219.12/211.32g
264.80/274.20g
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CDS CDAW during 4-7 February 2004
Solar EUV Emission Line Imaging Spectroscopy
Tetsuya Watanabe ( NAOJ)
Line profile (intrinsic)
Voigt (Gaussian + Lorenzian)
Gaussian
thermal Doppler (+ microturbulence)Lorenzian
natural damping
Others
pressure (van der Waals) broadening
Stark broadening (Holtsmark)
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CDS CDAW during 4-7 February 2004
Solar EUV Emission Line Imaging Spectroscopy
Tetsuya Watanabe ( NAOJ)
Overlappograph
凹面回折格子
dvvvxixI )()()(
Slitless emission line spectroscopy
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CDS CDAW during 4-7 February 2004
Solar EUV Emission Line Imaging Spectroscopy
Tetsuya Watanabe ( NAOJ)
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CDS CDAW during 4-7 February 2004
Solar EUV Emission Line Imaging Spectroscopy
Tetsuya Watanabe ( NAOJ)
Velocity (line of sight velocity) diagnosticsMicroturbulence correlation length …smallMacroturbulence; correlation length …small (transverse) …long (line of sight)Systematic motion (blue/red shifts) correlation length…long
2/120 )2
( m
kT
cD
000 )()()()( dviI
i
iic vvII )()( ,
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CDS CDAW during 4-7 February 2004
Solar EUV Emission Line Imaging Spectroscopy
Tetsuya Watanabe ( NAOJ)
Strong & isolated lines for dynamic studies(CDS/NIS)
Ion Wavelength(Å) log THeI 584.33 4.3OIII 599.59 4.9OIV 554.52 5.3NeVI 562.83 5.6MgVIII 313.73 5.9MgIX 368.06 6.0FeXII 364.47 6.2FeXIII 320.80 6.2FeXIV 334.17 6.3FeXV 327.02 6.3FeXVI 335.40 6.4
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CDS CDAW during 4-7 February 2004
Solar EUV Emission Line Imaging Spectroscopy
Tetsuya Watanabe ( NAOJ)
s
BeH
H
elem
elem
ion
ion
l
iiiiiiieii
dsEI
T
TkW
NNN
N
N
N
N
NhcE
SNSNNNs
vN
t
N
0
1111
)()exp(
))(()(
Non-Equilibrium
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CDS CDAW during 4-7 February 2004
Solar EUV Emission Line Imaging Spectroscopy
Tetsuya Watanabe ( NAOJ)
Dynamic Transition Region and Corona (CDS)
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CDS CDAW during 4-7 February 2004
Solar EUV Emission Line Imaging Spectroscopy
Tetsuya Watanabe ( NAOJ)
12
1
)()(
,)()()(
,0)(
2
2
pvEwhere
SLsvgs
TvpE
st
E
s
psg
s
v
t
vs
v
t
Hydrodynamical Simulations (Teriaca et al. 1999)
Nano flare at the OVI forming layer
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CDS CDAW during 4-7 February 2004
Solar EUV Emission Line Imaging Spectroscopy
Tetsuya Watanabe ( NAOJ)
References:Mariska J. T.: Solar Transition Region, 1992,
Cambridge University Press.Jefferies, J. T.: Spectral Line Formation, 196
8, Blaisdell Publ. Co.Harrison, R. A. & Fludra, A.: CDS for SoHO
Scientific Report, 199x, RAL SUMER Red Book; 199y, Max-Planck Institu
te für Aeronomie