introduction to the moroccan research and innovation system. sectoral innovation systems : lessons...

European Tunisian Conference Tunis, 18-19th February 2013

Introduction to the Moroccan Research and Innovation System.

Sectoral Innovation Systems: Lessons from catching-up economies

Ilyas AZZIOUICNRST. Morocco

European Tunisian Conference

Date : 19 february 2013


Research Policy

COSEF CharterLinking University-entreprise : priority

Law 01-00Role of the university in the dvlpt of the country

Evaluation of the Research System + FSP launching

Vision 2025 + 2006-2010 PLAN

Emergency Pgm & Morocco innovation initiative

2000

Towards a socio-economical role of University

2003

2005

2009

1999


Knowledge Circulation

Technology Dissemination Network (RDT) – Réseau de Diffusion de Technologie –. It focuses at matching needs in the enterprise sphere with competencies based at universities and public research centres. The objective is to accompany client compqnies in all stages of implementation of a technology strategy.

The Moroccan Institute for Scientific and Technological Information (IMIST) – Institut Marocain de l’information Scientifique et Technique– leads efforts to improve links between industry and academia by providing online access to catalogues of research results and databases of competencies available in the universities and research organisations and carrying out technology watch activities mainly in the field of Agro-food.

Morocco Spin-off/Spin-out and Incubation Network (RMIE) – Réseau Maroc Incubation et Essaimage –The RMIE supports a network of mainly “university based incubators”. It focuses on providing technical as well as financial support (Pre-seed capital to enable the development of the business idea into a credible business plan) to new technology based start-ups through a pre-incubation and incubation process.

Research to Business


Research System


Resources for R&D

GDP (2010): € 67 billion

GERD/GDP (2010): 0,73 % GERD/GDP (2006): 0,64 %

GERD (2010): € 560 M

Public GERD (2010) 68 %

Public GERD (2006) 82 %

Private GERD (2010): 30 %

Private GERD (2006): 12 %

Inter Coop (2010): 1.5 %

Inter Coop (2006): 3 %


Societal Challemges for R&D

According to the vision 2025, the main societal challenges that should drive Moroccan research in the future are:

1. Education and training2. Access to basic services (infrastructure, potable water, electricity,

health, etc.)3. Fight against poverty and social exclusion4. Other challenges: fight against drought’s effects, environment

degradation, slums and diseases (AIDS, Malaria, etc.)


Priorities for R&D

Thematic S&T Priorities are as follows:

1. Agriculture in difficult conditions 2. Improved quality of life 3. Knowledge, preservation and valorisation of natural resources 4. Environment and sustainable development 5. Biotechnology6. Risk management7. Innovation and competitiveness of enterprises8. Cultural and socio-economic development


HR for R&D

There are 37246 researchers in the country (headcount, not full-time equivalent) out of which 12166 are faculty members who work in universities and 17686 are PhD student (2010)

According to the advisory report published by the Hassan II Academy of science and technology in 2009:

Morocco has to train about 15000 (professors-researchers or full time researchers ) for the next decade to face the research quality requirements, the increasing number of students and retirement departures

Researchers represented a share of 1,89/1000 of the economically active population in the age group 25-64 in 2005

Across disciplines, 37% of the R&D personnel belong to the field of Social and Human Sciences, 32% are in Natural and exact sciences, 22% operate in Engineering Sciences and 9% in Medical Sciences

In 2006, 12643 were registered as PhD students (56% in Social and Human Sciences) but only 785 theses were defended the same year (69% in Social and Human Sciences).


Knowledge Production

In a study using Scopus database and published by the Moroccan Scientific and Technical Information Institute (IMIST) in 2010, it was found that: the Moroccan scientific production numbered 16120 publications between

1999 (1200 publications) and 2009 (2117 publications) Distribution across scientific disciplines is as follows: 52% in Physical

Sciences, Health Sciences 24%, Life Sciences 20%, and 4% only for Social Sciences.

ESTIME project (Laville et al., 2007) investigating Thomson database found that : The two disciplines for which the world share was the highest were

mathematics (2,78‰) and chemistry (1,21‰). The specialisation index for Morocco were, in 2004, mathematics (3.21),

chemistry (1.39) and astro and geo-sciences (1.13). The best world share of citations were in mathematics (0,91 ‰) and

engineering (0,66‰). The average impact index for Morocco was 0.28. The highest impact rates

were registered in engineering (0.78) followed by chemistry (0.51), while medical research had the lowest one (0,12);


Knowledge Production (Patents)

Patents: The Moroccan Industrial and Commercial Property Office (OMPIC) received 1007 applications in 2010 against 929 applications in 2009. 151 were nationals and 856 were foreigners. 11 Moroccan universities applied for 40 patents in the same year. There is no evidence with regard to the socio-economic impacts of university patents. EPO and US PTO patenting is marginal.


Other Policies

Digital Morocco (Maroc numéric): A budget of € 520 million (5.2 billion DH) was allocated to support the plan during the period 2009-2013. Launched by the Ministry of Industry, Trade and new technologies to promote the IT sector in Morocco, ( support RDI activities, a seed capital fund (Maroc numeric fund), promotion and creation of new technoparks and incubators in different regions and last but not least the creation of a Soft Centre for software development (brings together public and private actors and offers R&D services to Moroccan IT companies).

GREEN MOROCCO PLAN (2010-2020) (Plan Maroc Vert) is a national strategy based on a new, ambitious and pragmatic vision for the promotion of the agricultural sector in Morocco. Green Morocco Plan devised several measures to raise the agricultural GDP from € 7 to 10 billion (70 to 100 billion DH). Some of these measures could have a direct or indirect impact on sectoral research in this field such as the creation of new research centres, agro-poles.

The Moroccan Solar Power Plan was launched November 2, 2009 in Ouarzazate by HRH the King Mohammed VI, with an investment cost estimated at 9 billion US dollars. It is part of the Moroccan energy strategy aiming to increase electricity production and implement five Concentrated Solar Power plant of a total power output of 2000 MW by 2020.


Other Policies

The National Pact for Industrial Emergence: Launched by the Ministry of Industry, Trade and new technologies, it focuses on export oriented economic sectors where Morocco could obtain a sustainable advantage and a high potential for growth.

1. off-shoring

2. textiles and clothing,

3. automobile

4. aeronautics,

5. electronics,

6. agro-food,

7. exploitation of marine resources and industrial crafts.

8. More recently high-tech sectors such as nanotechnology, biotechnology and microelectronics were added. Publicauthorities provided direct support of € 50 million (500 million DH) over five years to the MASCIR foundation to develop applied research in those fields.


Knowledge Demand

To support the National Pact for Industrial Emergence (2009-2015) a profiling of the human resources needs of each sector for the whole period of the programme (2009-2015) has been carried out. The main results are summarised in the following table:

Sectors Managers Engineers Technicians Operators Total

Off shoring 1 000 3000 10500 55000 70000

Automotive 1500 7000 9000 32500 70000

Aeronautics 300 1900 3000 9800 15000

Electronics 200 1400 2700 4700 9000

textiles and leather

300 2000 7500 24000 32000

Agro-food 500 500 8500 14500 24000

Total 3800 15800 39400 141000 220000



International cooperation played an important role in the emergence of research activities within universities . About 75 % of references recorded by SCI (1998-2002), were co-authored by Moroccans and authors from a variety of countries. 88.2% of Moroccan research labs declared to have international collaboration(s) in 2003 (622 were recorded), (66.4 % or 413) were with French, Spain (10.0 %), Belgium (4.7 %), Germany, Canada, and Italy (4 %) & USA was in 7th place (3.5 %).

According to the advisory report of Hassan II Academy of Science and Technology (2009) co-publications of Moroccan researchers in 2008 were: 63,9% with researchers from France, 13% Spain, 7,2% USA, 6,4% Italy, 5,5% Germany, 5,2% Canada.

Out of 749 cooperation conventions by Moroccan universities, 578 are with European universities, making 70% of the total. French universities have 63% of cooperation conventions with Europe and 49% of all the conventions signed. Spain and Italy respectively registered a rate of 13% and 7% at the European level. Belgium is rated fourth, with 30 conventions registering 5%.

Cross Border



ASBIMED identified about 31 bilateral programmes between Morocco and EU member (France 14, Spain 6, Belgium 6, Germany 2, Portugal 2and Italy 1). In addition to agreements with EU member states Morocco has signed other agreements with non EU countries, the most active ones are with the following countries: Tunisia; Egypt;USA.

In 2011, the CNRST allocated € 290,000 to support collaboration with French institutions (CNRS, INSERM, INRIA) and € 114,000 to support collaboration with institutions from other countries CSIC & CIEMAT (Spain), CNRi (Italy), DFG (Germany), FCT (Portugal), KOSEF (South Korea), ONRT (Hungary). CSIC stopped cooperation with the CNRST for 2012 most probably because of budget constraints in Spain.

Cross Border

Une initiative arrimée aux stratégies sectorielles

Morocco Innovation Initiative

www.mcinet.gov.ma 16

INITIATIVE MAROC INNOVATION



•Research & •Invention

•Innovation: new •businessViable

Business

Basic Research

Basic Research

InventionInnovation

&New Business

“Valley of Death”

The Darwinian SeaLack of skills

Lack of Money

Cibles limitéesMontants insuffisants Lisibilité faible

Idée Construction du Business Plan

Identification et formulation Développement Validation Lancement du

produit

Soutien du RMIE: Produit

RDT,Innov Act

Soutien TIC

Produit RDT Soutien à

l’innovation et la mise à niveau technologique

Programme InnovAct: Soutien de

projets innovant

Fonds Soutien Innovation TIC

Financement : Etat des lieux

230 KDhs / projet

plafonné à 36 KDhs

TTC

plafonné à 50 KDhs

50% du coût limité

à 2 000 KDhs


Innovation Policy


Innovation Policy

Governance and framework: 1. Setting up a National Innovation Committee; 2. The creation of a dedicated structure (Moroccan innovation Centre); 3. Fostering a flexible and effective legal framework for innovation

Infrastructure: 1. Technological infrastructures; 2. Technology transfer infrastructures (implementation of Innovation cities ); 3. Clusters.

Funding & Support: 1. Developing a portfolio of products/schemes to support innovation; 2. Stimulation of the venture capital system; 3. Development of the intellectual property market; 4. Mobilisation of international funds for innovation.

Attracting Talents: 1. Creation of the Moroccan Innovation Club; 2. Promotion of the innovation culture; 3. Positioning Morocco R&D and innovation offer.


Innovation Policy

Morocco Innovation Initiative Achievements

Governance & Framework:

Creation of CMI + Innovation bill (incentives to innovative startups, Recruit of PhDs)

Technological Infrastructure:

Creation of 4 clusters + Launching of 4 Innovation Cities

Funding & Support:

Intilak (up to € 100,000) for start-ups & Tatwir(up to € 400,000) for

private applied R&D project

Attracting Talents:

Innovation Trophy + Moroccan Club of Innovation portal

http://www.marocinnovation.ma/

Idée Construction du Business Plan

Identification et formulation Développement Validation Lancement du

produit

Financement: Mise en place de Nouveaux

instruments

Centre Marocain de l’Innovation

CMI

ANPME

Comité de Suivi

Comité d’Evaluation et d’Attribution

Entrepreneur

Entreprise

CMI: Guichet unique

Examen et sélection

Pilotage opérationnel et décisionnel

Promouvoir les instruments de financement de la R&D et de l’innovation

Assurer l’interface avec les bénéficiaires Assurer le montage et la gestion des dossiers Assurer l’interface avec le Comité de Suivi et le Comité

d’Evaluation et d’Attribution et l’ANPME/CNRST Conduire une pré-évaluation des projets suite aux appels à

projets Assurer le suivi des projets soutenus

MissionsMissions


Guichet unique

Les Cités de l’Innovations: Un plan de développement régionale avec les universités

Phase 1 : lancement en 2011• Marrakech• Rabat• Fès

Phase 2 :• Casablanca• Oujda• Agadir• Settat• Tétouan• Beni Mellal• El Jadida• Meknès

Structures de valorisation adossée aux grands projets

• Agropôles

• P2I – Plateformes Industrielles Intégrées

• Technopolis

• Technopark

Système d’innovation cible

27

Comité Permanent Interministériel de la

Recherche scientifique et du Développement Technologique

Comité Permanent Interministériel de la

Recherche scientifique et du Développement Technologique

Comité National de l’Innovation

Comité National de l’Innovation


EntreprisesEntreprises

Projets R&DProjets R&DServicesDiffusion Technologiques

Centres TechniquesCentres Techniques

AssistanceFinancement

CoachingUNIVERSITESUNIVERSITES

Centres R&D publics et privésCNRST, MASCIR, INRA, INRH, CNESTEN, CRTS, REMINEX, CERPHOS….

Partenariats

Relevant issues to innovation

Why we need to innovate?

How can we promote it?

What linkages are there between research and innovation? Is it the same story across sectors( software, Auto, Agro-food, etc.)?

Catching up in different sectoral

systems


systems

What can we learn from the story of catch-up in six different sectors in emerging Countries (Taiwan, Korea, brazil, India, China, and others)?

1.Pharmaceuticals (Science based),

2.Semiconductors and telecom (design and engineering is important),

3. Autos (scale intensive),

4. Software (specialized supplier and service sectors),

5.Agro-food (traditional sectors).


systems

a) Firms learning: firms are the key actors in catch-up ,

b) Pharmaceuticals (Science based), c) Semiconductors and telecom (design and engineering is important),

d) Autos (scale intensive),

e) Software (specialized supplier and service sectors),

f) (Agro-food) traditional sectors.

Common features affecting catch-up in 6 sectors


systems

firms are the key actors in catch-up , Learning and Capabilities development of domestic firms is a necessary condition for catch up because they provide the catching up country with the ability of absorbing foreign knowledge & technology and adapting and modifying them to generate new knowledge and products.


Firms Learning

Access to foreign Knowledge

Skilled Human Capital

Active Government Policy


systems

the channels to which this access took place have differed (sector & country). from vertical networks with suppliers and users, to local networks, collaborative R&D or production agreements, to participation to the global value chain or just outsourcing;

When access to foreign knowledge did not take place, as in telecommunications in India and Brazil, the catch-up process has been seriously unpaired


Firms Learning





systems

Important inward mobility form advanced countries of highly skilled human capital (scientists, engineers, technopreneurs) Diasporap and foreigners (consultants) were critical to the catch-up)


Firms Learning





systems

In our 6 sectors government policy has indeed stimulated and fostered the learning processes and the capability formation of domestic firms with different intensity and tools.


Firms Learning





systems

In automobile and telecom large firms have been major actors in the catch-up process

in software and agro-food small firms have driven sectoral growth

New entrepreneurial firms, SMEs or large size, characterize the pharmaceutical and the semiconductor firms

local networks important for the catch-up process in semiconductors (Taiwan) , formal and informal interaction, knowledge sharing

Advent of technological and market discontinuities may favour either totally newcomers or established domestic companies. (Software in India Vs Telecom & Pharmaceuticals where knowledge is cumulative and strongly science based)

Diffrences across sectoral systems

Industry StructureIndustry Structure

Demand and vertical links

Gov Policies

Other elements


systems

Multinational companies played different roles :

1. software, pharmaceuticals and semiconductors: catching up countries had to specialize in some product range in the global value chain and nd eventually move uo the learning ladder to more advanced stages of production or research.

2. Telecom and Autos: the use of license from multinationals or from foreign firms, or joint ventures and alliances have been extensively used by domestic firms to learn and accumulate capabilities.


Industry Structure


Gov Policies

Other elements


systems

Demand has entered catch-up in two ways:

1. Exports: have been the drivers of catch-up, for both small firms and large firms. This is the case of semiconductors, telecom, pharmaceuticals, software and auto.

2. Domestic Market: has been a major driver of the learning process and the accumulation of capability by domestic firms in Large countries such as China, India and Brazil;


Industry Structure


Gov Policies

Other elements


systems

Government policy has differed in the use of tools and measures

1. Telecom ( Korea and China) - public policy used R&D support, R&D consortia and public research organizations to help firms to move into new generations of telecom technologies and products

2. In software governments have used different policies and tools, ranging from public procurement, to R&D support for SMEs, favourable companies tax rates and incentives to attract foreign direct investments


Industry Structure


Gov Policies

Other elements


systems

Standards, regulations and norms : for relax IP laws were important for the catch-up of Pharmaceutical industry in India and Brazil

Finance: VC (Private equity) critical for the development of Software industry


Industry Structure


Gov Policies

Other elements


systems

In some sectors such as Agriculture, health and Telecom Public research proved quite relevant to domestic firms

In the other sectors the main role of universities was to provide advanced training for advanced human capital in the scientific, engineering and managerial fields. So they increase the absorptive capacity of the human capital for foreign cutting edge knowledge.


Universities & Public Research Laboratories

Conclusion

Feb 11th, 2013 CAAST Net Plus Kick-off meeting 44

Thanks for your attention !

> إلصغائكم ! شكرًا

introduction to the moroccan research and innovation system. sectoral innovation systems : lessons...

Documents

hassan ii

european tunisian

sectoral systems

key actors

national pact

human sciences

science based

scale intensive