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Islandora Feature Analysis

Table of ContentsIntroduction.................................................................................................................................................2

DIGITAL POWRR TOOL GRID FEATURES.......................................................................................................3

1. Copy.................................................................................................................................................3

2. Fixity Check......................................................................................................................................3

3. Virus Scanning.................................................................................................................................3

4. File Dedupe......................................................................................................................................4

5. Auto Unique ID................................................................................................................................4

6. Auto Metadata Creation..................................................................................................................4

7. Auto Metadata Harvest...................................................................................................................5

8. Manual Metadata............................................................................................................................5

9. Rights management.........................................................................................................................6

10. Package metadata.......................................................................................................................7

11. Public Interface............................................................................................................................7

12. Automatic SIP, AIP, DIP Creation.................................................................................................8

13. Reliable, long term bit preservation............................................................................................8

14. Redundancy.................................................................................................................................9

15. Geographically Dispersed Data Storage Model............................................................................9

16. Exit Strategy.................................................................................................................................9

17. Migration.....................................................................................................................................9

18. Monitoring...................................................................................................................................9

19. Auto recovery..............................................................................................................................9

Additional Islandora Features....................................................................................................................10

1. Online exhibits...............................................................................................................................10

2. Social media sharing......................................................................................................................10

3. My favorites/bookmarks...............................................................................................................10

4. Simple workflow............................................................................................................................11

5. Statistics.........................................................................................................................................12

The PALS experience, community, and support........................................................................................13

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Contact PALS’ partners..........................................................................................................................14

PALS Hosting, Storage, Backup, and Data Security Information................................................................15

Additional features....................................................................................................................................19

1. OAIS Model....................................................................................................................................19

2. Produce and Monitor Checksums..................................................................................................22

3. Management of Servers................................................................................................................22

4. EAD Finding Aids/Display...............................................................................................................22

Introduction PALS based this document on the Digital Powrr Tool Grid Excel spreadsheet.

This document uses the Digital Powrr Tool Grid to analyze Islandora’s features. Information was provided for each feature in the grid, including screenshots as appropriate.

This document shows that Islandora is a viable, appropriate solution for digital asset management.

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DIGITAL POWRR TOOL GRID FEATURES1. CopyDigital Powrr Tool Grid Feature allows users to create both a master and access copy automatically.

From the original file, Islandora generates derivatives automatically at ingest. For example, Digital Powrr Tool Grid Feature can ingest a TIFF file and generates the MODS, DC, technical metadata, thumbnail, JPG, and JP2 datastreams (derivatives) automatically.

Digital Powrr Tool Grid Feature uses the TN as the display image in search results, and the JP2 is the access copy that displays in the browser.

2. Fixity CheckThe Fixity Check feature ensures that a file was not changed using checksum or digital signature

Islandora generates checksums automatically at ingest: https://wiki.duraspace.org/display/ISLANDORA/Islandora+Checksum

3. Virus ScanningVirus scanning is not a feature within Islandora.

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4. File DedupeIslandora does not check for and ignore duplicate files; however, faceting search results may help identify duplicates in the repository.

5. Auto Unique IDIslandora does generate a unique ID automatically. Islandora automatically generates a “PID” that identifies each object uniquely within the repository.

It is possible to display the PID or hide it. Users can also search for the PID. Islandora also provides a persistent URL.

6. Auto Metadata CreationIslandora automatically creates information about the object based on data embedded within the object.

Through testing, Islandora can extract data from within a file. This includes keywords, GIS data, and other information about, for example, a photograph.

Islandora creates metadata through the FITS module, which can also extract technical metadata from the original object file.

See “Metadata in Islandora”: https://wiki.duraspace.org/display/ISLANDORA/Metadata+in+Islandora

Following is a screen shot of some of the technical metadata.

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7. Auto Metadata Harvest PALS’ understanding is that Islandora does not automatically harvest information about the object located in an external repository, catalog, etc. However, Islandora can be set up to harvest information about objects in external repositories. One example of this is the Islandora OAI module, which makes objects “visible to other sites that harvest OAI-compatible metadata.” For more information on the OAI module, click here. Setting up this module would enable harvesting through WorldCat. Conversation related to this function can be found on the Islandora Google Group. For a use-case example, please refer to the article from the University of Toronto Scarborough, Using OAI PMH with Islandora.

In addition, it is possible to set up harvesting from the Digital Public Library of America and the Minnesota Digital Library.

8. Manual MetadataIslandora allows for manual addition of information, including descriptive metadata, at record or batch level.

Islandora allows for manual addition and editing of descriptive metadata at the record or collection level. Users can batch edit through scripts. User must have appropriate permissions to edit metadata. From the list of datastreams (also known as derivatives), click on “edit.” Following is a screenshot.

Clicking "edit" displays the data entry form. From here, one can edit any field as necessary.

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9. Rights managementIslandora allows for the establishment of an object’s access, use, and alteration rights.

User can complete this through the data entry form and can associate any copyright statement with that particular object. Users can have different rights statements for different objects or collections. Essentially, users can customize the rights statements to meet unique needs. The statements can be included as constant data on the forms, so staff would not have to enter the rights statement every time they describe an object. Islandora can then display the rights statements to the public.

For example, a creative commons rights statement:

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Restricting access

There are three different ways users can restrict access within Islandora.

Restricting access with Drupal: This allows users to set up different “roles” with a Drupal login. For example, a student or a staff member. Each role can have specific permissions. A student might be able to view objects, search, and edit metadata, but not delete anything. A staff member would be able to delete. Using Drupal logins and roles essentially restricts access/functionality.

Restricting access with XACML: This is a Fedora security feature. XACML allows PALS to encode control policies, controlling access to Fedora collections, objects, and datastreams (derivatives). It is possible to restrict objects at different levels. For example, one could control access to different datastreams, allowing a general user to see the metadata for an object, but not view the actual object itself.

Restricting access with Embargo: Using embargo allows users to control content and access, and has additional functionality. Users can control access to the collection, object, or datastream. Users can also control access based on keywords in the metadata. Additional functionality includes setting the date an embargo expires or making the embargo permanent. Islandora lifts the embargo automatically on the expiration date. In addition, when a user attempts to access an embargoed item, it is possible to redirect the user to a specific URL (for example, to a photographer’s website).

10. Package metadata Islandora packages metadata in a standards-based format. Islandora can package metadata in a variety of standards-based formats, including MODS, MADS, EAD, Dublin Core, and many more.

11. Public InterfaceIslandora provides end-user access and functionality to objects.

Islandora offers a robust and flexible interface that can meet unique needs through Drupal. Please visit the live sites for examples of what Drupal can do. Highlights of the interface include facets that help narrow down searching, social media sharing functions, a map browse, slideshow, recently added items, and featured items.

Minnesota State University, Mankato https://arch.lib.mnsu.edu/

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Southwest Minnesota State University https://archives.smsu.edu/

St. Cloud Technical and Community College http://archives.sctcc.edu/

Winona State University https://digitalcollections.winona.edu/

The College of St. Scholastica https://quarry.css.edu/

12. Automatic SIP, AIP, DIP CreationIslandora generate SIP (Submission Information Package), AIP (Archival Information Package), DIP (Dissemination Information Package) files automatically. These are part of the OAIS model, which Islandora follows.

SIP essentially refers to what was sent, AIP to what was stored, and DIP to what was offered to the user.

Within Islandora a SIP can be a single file or ZIP file, which becomes a single object or multiple objects. If user can consider certain Islandora “objects” a result of the SIP, these would be the derivatives (termed datastreams in the screenshots) automatically generated when an object is loaded. These derivatives include the JPG, JP2, TN, and OBJ derivatives.

13. Reliable, long term bit preservation Islandora provides verifiable bit-level preservation for a period of greater than seven years. The University of Prince Edward developed Islandora in 2009 and they continue to use it to preserve their digital assets.

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14. RedundancyIslandora keeps more than one copy of the object.

Backup copies are stored on offsite servers. See the specific section on PALS hosting, storage, backup, and data security for more detailed information. PALS also recommends the customer store at least 1, but preferably 2, copies of the original object. In addition, when the master object is loaded, Islandora creates two derivatives; one used to view the object; another used in the search results display lists.

15. Geographically Dispersed Data Storage ModelPALS keeps more than one copy of the object in more than one geographical region.

PALS has backups in two different locations, in addition to the backups that the customer may have.

PALS is working on geographically separated storage locations with Southwest Minnesota State University.

See the PALS hosting, storage, backup, and data security information section at the end of this document for detailed information.

16. Exit StrategyIs a plan in place for mass extraction of all preserved objects?

PALS will work with the customer to extract all objects and metadata in a mutually agreeable format.

17. MigrationCan solution convert the object from one format to another format considered to be of greater stability?

No. There are no plans to develop this at this time.

18. MonitoringDoes solution automatically check for object corruption?

Yes. The Checksum Checker module checks checksums, and sends an email alert if there is a corrupted file. This is done through a Drupal cron job and can be set to run automatically at any desired time.

19. Auto recoveryDoes solution automatically overwrite the corrupted object with an uncorrupted redundant copy?

No.

Though it is possible to replace damaged files manually, it does not do so automatically. PALS anticipates the occurrence being very infrequent.

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Additional Islandora Features Following are additional features that may help support your unique needs.

1. Online exhibitsPALS is close to completing an Online Exhibits module. When completed, administrators can build their own online exhibits from existing collections or build new collections specifically for an exhibit.

Online exhibits allow any administrative user to choose either a timeline, map browse, or slideshow view and have all objects in a collection display in the chosen manner within the Islandora user interface (using Drupal). No special knowledge of Drupal will be required. In addition to choosing the display, a user can configure colors, fonts, and more, as well as the display to the public.

PALS believes that this adds a completely new dimension to Islandora, providing users the ability to curate exhibits that display unique, important stories and events related to an institution.

2. Social media sharing Islandora provides the ability to share objects over many social media sites, such as Twitter, Facebook, and LinkedIn. This simplifies marketing efforts and outreach. In addition, social media sharing provides ways for students to share material.

3. My favorites/bookmarksIslandora also has the ability for users to create an account, which allows users to build a list of favorites, which user can share over social media or through email. This is particularly useful for researchers or students working on a research paper. While browsing, users can click on the favorite’s icon and save an object for later retrieval.

This feature supports the usability and research aspects of a digital repository.

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My Favorites link:

Brings up favorite lists:

Users can share lists over email and social media.

4. Simple workflowIslandora offers a “simple workflow.” Users can be enable workflows for certain roles so that when a user loads an object into the repository, the object will go into the simple workflow queue instead of being “published.” When an object is in the queue, it will not be visible to the

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public. Select staff can review and approve objects within the queue. Once approved, the objects will leave the simple workflow and be accessible to the public.

Following is an example of the queue:

5. StatisticsPALS uses Piwik.org, an open source option, to collect statistics. It is similar to Google Analytics, which users can access through a customizable dashboard.

Users can explore Piwik.org to view available statistics and determine the stats to make available in the dashboard and PALS will set it up to display the stats important to an institution.

The dashboard defaults to the current day’s statistics, but users can enter a date range to pull up additional statistics.

The following are screenshots of Minnesota State University, Mankato’s statistics dashboard:

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The PALS experience, community, and supportIslandora services from PALS include full support. PALS supports customers at each step of the way from the planning stages, customization of the user interface, and launch and beyond. During the critical initial planning stage, PALS conducts a one to two-day in person meeting. Collaborating with PALS allows customers to receive full support and training and empowers invaluable connections with others working on similar issues. Other services include batch import, custom metadata entry forms, and consultation on metadata and repository structure planning.

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PALS commits to building a strong, innovative, and supportive community within the Midwest. As part of building this community, PALS continues to work on new ways to collaborate. This includes working together with customers on presentations, web sessions, and phone and in-person meetings. An example of a PALS’ presentation at the 2016 Library Technology Conference can be viewed here. PALS held the first annual Islandora workday in April 2017. It included formal presentations, opportunities for discussion, and a tour of the Minnesota State University, Mankato archives. Attendees found it a valuable experience and are looking forward to PALS’ next workday.

Attendees at the first Islandora workday in April 2017.

Contact PALS’ partnersWhen customers become a PALS Islandora partner, not only do they get the digital asset management solution, but they also get all the benefits of a strong local community of users and full support and training services. Please feel free to reach out to any of the following contacts about their experiences with Islandora and PALS services.

Anne Stenzel: anne.stenzel@mnsu.edu

Anne is always happy to talk about Islandora. She facilitated a discussion on workflow sharing at our workday in April. Please find her slides here.

Pam Gladis: Pam.Gladis@smsu.edu, Southwest Minnesota State University:

“This (digital asset management solution) is a great way to connect with Alumni, and the search capabilities make it so effective for university historical research. The most

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valuable aspect form me has been finding ways to connect with others across campus; it’s been a great way for the library to take the lead on the University’s digital initiatives.”

Heidi Johnson: hjohnso2@css.edu, the College of St. Scholastica:

“Allowing access to the history of the institution is an important part of fostering community and growing the mission.”

Heidi presented with us at the Minnesota Library Association Conference in 2016. See our slides here.

Vi Bergquist: VBergquist@sctcc.edu, St. Cloud Technical and Community College:

“This was a very important project to us as we did not previously have a plan for digital asset management. We had a lot of digital assets that that needed to be archived and so when we heard about the Islandora project at PALS I pitched the idea to the Executive Leadership team at the college and they thought it was a terrific idea and that the library staff was uniquely qualified to fulfill this role for the college. Additionally, we thought the cost was a relative bargain for what we were getting in return. We knew if we didn’t have a way and a plan to manage digital assets that many could be lost and never recovered.”

"It (digital asset management) is totally worth it. 50 years from now people are going to be glad we took the time to preserve our digital assets. We are ingesting a wide variety of documents, such as historical photos, accreditation, campus facilities plan, strategic planning documents, photos of college events, and videos about the college."

Here is a link to a presentation we did with Vi Bergquist at the 2017 Minnesota State IT Conference.

PALS Hosting, Storage, Backup, and Data Security Information

IntroductionPALS assumes responsibility for the hardware and software needed to ensure the ongoing availability and quality of Islandora instances and related services that PALS hosts and supports. In addition, PALS provides storage space for all ingested objects and their derivatives, metadata, and indexes. Administrative access to the system is available to our customers via the Islandora web interface, which allows users to configure Islandora and the Drupal interface. System and support functions and tasks are divided between the customer and PALS staff as mutually agreed upon.

The Data CenterThe PALS data center is co-located with the Minnesota State University, Mankato data center.

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PALS continuously works to ensure that our servers and the network perform at optimal levels. Processing power, memory and space allocations are based on customer requirements and can be adjusted dynamically as needed. The operating environment allows PALS to scale systems quickly up to meet increasing demands. The University/PALS data center is on a 1Gb State trunk line with redundant routing available through a local ISP. The trunk line is part of the statewide network managed by the State of Minnesota Office of Information Technology.

The main data center is located in the Memorial Library building along with the University IT and PALS office space. The redundant data center is located in a different building on campus and is built to tornado shelter specifications. The data centers are secured using an RFID card access system and are separated from the office space and other building locations. Access to the data centers is restricted to essential University/PALS server and network administrators and campus security personnel. Access to the redundant data center and off-site backup storage is restricted further on a need-to-access basis.

Application serversPALS services run in a Linux Container (LXC) infrastructure. All of our services are based on this technology. LXC is a robust and reliable method of managing multiple software servers running concurrently on the same hardware without the need for virtualization. Our LXC implementations run on Pogo Linux server hardware. Pogo Linux is a trusted vendor with hardware designed specifically for use by Linux operating systems.

Environmental and power controlsThe data center environment is controlled by dual Liebert DS Precision cooling units. The fire detection and suppression system is a 3M NOVEC Fire Suppression System. Backup power is provided by a Powerware UPS unit.

The Memorial Library building that houses the University/PALS data center is protected by a standby power generator wired to supply power specifically to the data center and key building locations in the event of a power failure. The University has the capability of generating power using the campus Facilities Services' power plant to run off the grid when necessary.

All maintenance and testing procedures for HVAC, fire detection and suppression systems, UPS backup power, the building power generator, and campus power plant are carried out by the University IT and Facilities Services.

Server monitoringContinuous server monitoring is done at the service level using NAGIOS software. Production systems are tested every 5 minutes, development systems are tested every 10 minutes. Logs are reviewed daily by system administrators.

Maintenance and repairAll of the PALS-administered hardware is covered by warranty and includes at least next-day on-site parts service. PALS will be responsible for replacement and repair of hardware components.

Network and securitySystem security consists of:

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4 CICSO Catalyst redundant gigabit switches CISCO perimeter firewall Host-based firewall rules using IP tables on each host The PALS network is separated from the University network

PALS takes various infrastructure security measures to prevent unauthorized access to systems PALS manages and data PALS hosts. The PALS network is protected by a perimeter firewall that limits access to allowed ports and services. Access to individual servers and hosts is limited by port and IP to the minimum access required to perform the intended function. User access is limited within PALS only to server administrators, and production system access is limited further. Access to our database servers is limited by IP address only to application machines and local IPs for administrator access. System passwords are stored in encrypted form and access is limited on a need-to-know basis. Passwords have minimum requirements and are updated periodically.

PALS practice is to install security patches to system software within 24 hours. If a server reboot is required for a patch to be applied, the reboot may be postponed until the next maintenance window, depending on severity. To avoid unnecessary security vulnerabilities and patching, PALS does not install stock server configurations and do our best to limit the software installed only to software packages and dependencies required for the specific server purpose.

Disaster recoveryIn the case of a catastrophic failure which would cause the primary University/PALS data center to be unavailable for a significant amount of time, PALS would restore hosted applications to the University/PALS secondary data center. In the case of a catastrophic failure which would cause both University/PALS data centers to be unavailable, PALS would restore hosted applications to a previously agreed-upon hosting environment (e.g., Amazon AWS).

BackupsPALS currently uses disk-to-disk backup systems for Islandora, using an ORACLE SunFire Storage Server.

Our current backup procedures are as follows: Weekly (Saturday mornings) PALS takes full data dumps of all databases and data files,

production and development The data dumps are copied to two separate Virtual Tape Libraries PALS has archive logging turned on for all production databases The files are copied to multiple physical locations as they are generated.

Offsite data replicatesPALS stores all weekly backups off-site going two weeks back, and is willing to customize this process to meet customer needs based on reasonable assessment of risk to our primary data center.

Data ownershipPALS makes no ownership claims to customer data. Under no circumstances would PALS share customer data outside of our organization without customer authorization.

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Data IntegrityAll data stored on the PALS servers is subject to PALS, University, Minnesota State and State security and privacy regulations.

Patron PrivacyAll data hosted on PALS servers is subject to the Minnesota State Colleges and Universities Security and Privacy of Information Resources policy. The full policy and additional related materials are available at http://www.mnscu.edu/board/policy/523.html .

Scheduled DowntimeRoutine maintenance, that requires server rebooting, is performed on Sunday mornings. Any downtime required for software upgrades is scheduled around customer hours and currently is performed on Saturday evenings or Sunday mornings. PALS fully accommodates the customer’s schedule for any planned service interruptions.

Operating System Patches and UpdatesRoutine Ubuntu patches, including security patches, are released several times a week and are applied as they become available. The patches are first applied on development servers. If the patches have no impact on the application or underlying services, they are pushed to production after light testing.

Any major version upgrades to operating systems and hardware changes that directly impact customers would be coordinated with the customer.

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Additional features

These are features that further demonstrate Islandora as a viable digital asset management option.

1. OAIS ModelAs a digital repository, Islandora fits within the OAIS reference model. It meets all the major functionalities required to be OAIS compliant. These functions were based on the ingest process, storage of data, data management, administrative day-to-day functions and monitoring, preservation planning, and providing access.

Ingest

Islandora supports the ingest function well and is user-friendly. Ingest is performed through custom "ingest forms." These ingest forms can also be thought of as metadata entry forms or data entry forms. They allow a user to describe a digital object so that an end user can understand what the object is in the user interface.

The forms can follow many metadata standards, such as MODS or METS. A user will enter metadata in the form and then ingest the metadata and the object. When ingested, Islandora maps the metadata in the form to Dublin Core. At the same time, Islandora generates several derivatives (datastreams) that support long-term preservation and access.

Ingest can be set up around different workflows. It can support a library with few staff because the ingest forms can be customized with default text that minimizes the effort of staff when it comes to describing objects. It can also be set up for students to follow a complex standard with ease. After a student enters the metadata, the objects can go into a queue, allowing staff to review before approving the objects. Doing so will make the objects publically available in the repository.

Ingest workflows are flexible and never final. User can customize Ingest forms to meet the needs of different formats or users as needed.

Storage of data

Islandora uses the Fedora digital repository system to store its digital objects. Please see http://www.fedora-commons.org/about for a full description of Fedora.

For specifics on the PALS’ servers please see the PALS hosting, storage, backup, and data security information section at the end of this document.

Data management

According to an OCLC article, the data management function of OAIS coordinates descriptive information pertaining to the archive’s Archival Information Package. In

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particular, the function maintains and administers the database containing this information.

The AIP “consists of the content information and the associated preservation description.” It is possible to manage aspects of the Archival Information Package within Islandora through an administrative user interface.

Following is a screenshot of the full Archival Information Package that users can manage within Islandora. Management operations include the ability to track versions of each derivative, replace if necessary, download, or regenerate them. Users can also view the preservation metadata, which consists of the PREMIS record and technical metadata.

The MODS and Dublin Core metadata records make up the descriptive information for the AIP.

PALS staff help to fulfill the data management function that administers and maintains the database. PALS monitors and checks the system for errors and upgrade aspects as necessary, making sure that PALS meets all security requirements. The system that manages the data and organizes it on the servers is Fedora. PALS staff ensure that Fedora is working properly with all other components of Islandora.

Administrative functions/day-to-day

PALS staff play a major role in the administrative functions of Islandora. PALS is responsible for working with partners to determine how objects are submitted to the repository and setting access control within the system.

PALS staff are also responsible for the administrative functions revolving around customer service and support for Islandora.

PALS staff also work with partners to develop policies and procedures to enhance the usability of the repository.

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In addition, PALS staff work to facilitate interaction between its partners so that they can share information, best practices, and ideas with the goal of continuously improving the Islandora digital repository.

PALS staff are active liaisons within the international Islandora community, keeping up-to-date with policies, procedures and developments.

The Checksum Checker Module audits objects in the repository. At ingest, MD5 checksums generate automatically. The Checksum Checker can set up a Drupal cron job that will run any time and send notifications if it locates corrupt files.

To support day-to-day preservation, Islandora can:

Enable checksums on datastreams via the Checksum module Perform periodic integrity checks on datastreams via the Checksum Checker module Document and manage the results of those integrity checks over time via the

PREMIS module Export objects in a preservation-friendly package via the BagIt module

For an example of how Islandora can fit into digital preservation plans, see the work Nick Ruest completed at York University: https://digital.library.yorku.ca/tags/preservation-action-plan .

Ruest’s work demonstrates how Islandora can fully enable and support OAIS for institutions.

Providing access

Islandora provides robust access to digital objects using Drupal as its user interface. Through Drupal, users can customize access to meet local needs. Institutions can brand the user interface to match an institution's own branding, workflow, and usage needs. Example of customization include defining the location of a search box and defining what metadata users can view and how the metadata displays to the public. The access tools within Islandora are able to provide a general user with the ability to easily interpret objects and discover new ones. This is a critical goal of any digital repository system – provide the user with easy access to materials.

Users can share objects across social media and with other users over email. Sharing helps promote the repository to demonstrate its value to others and supports research needs. Sharing objects manifests in a “my favorites” bookmark feature. Any user can create an account; bookmark favorite objects while completing research, and save to a list. Users can later access that list or share it with other research partners.

With the Drupal interface, PALS can preserve an institution’s brand, mission, and value throughout the repository while ensuring users can interpret objects correctly. Islandora encourages the sharing of these assets to help empower an institution with the ability to show others its importance, identity, and value through its digital assets. This is highly important, as successfully demonstrating this value can lead to the long-term viability of a digital repository by helping to secure funding.

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Preservation planning

Islandora can be an integral part of any preservation plan. Following is an example from the Islandora community, developed by Nick Reust of York University: https://digital.library.yorku.ca/tags/digital-preservation-policy .

Minnesota State University, Mankato is also working on revising their preservation plan with Islandora. Please contact Anne Stenzel (anne.stenzel@mnsu.edu) from Minnesota State University, Mankato for more details.

2. Produce and Monitor ChecksumsIslandora automatically generates checksums when users load an object into the repository. The Checksum Checker module checks the checksums. Users can set this to run automatically at any time.

3. Management of ServersPALS hosts, maintains, and upgrades the servers that run Islandora.

4. EAD Finding Aids/DisplayDevelopments are underway to provide Islandora functionality for EAD finding aids and display. Specifically, Drexel University developed a Drupal module to display EAD finding aids. An example can be found here. Drexel University finding aids can be found here .

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