invasive shot hole borer and fusarium - california forest...
TRANSCRIPT
-
Invasive Shot Hole Borer and Fusarium Dieback: Threats & Responses
Southern California Forest Pest Council
November 30, 2016
Gail Sevrens Environmental Program
Manager, California Department of
Fish and Wildlife
David Zoutendyk Division Chief,
U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service
Eskalen Lab, UC Riverside
-
Photo by John Boland
Tijuana River Valley, Dairy Mart May 2015
-
Tijuana River Valley, Dairy Mart February 2016
Photo by John Boland
-
Photo by John Boland
Tijuana River Valley, Hollister April 2013
-
Tijuana River Valley, Hollister March 2016
Photo by John Boland
-
An infestation involving the polyphagous (PSHB) and kuroshio
(KSHB) shot hole borers, their associated fungi and other
pathogens is causing widespread damage to trees throughout
southern California. PSHB was first discovered in 2003 in
Whittier Narrows and KSHB was first discovered in 2013 in San
Diego.
Male Female
PSHB probably originated
in southeast Asia
KSHB is genetically similar
to a beetle population in
Taiwan.
Polyphagous and Kuroshio Shot Hole Borers (SHB)
-
Structural damage from the galleries as well as damage from the Fusarium and other pathogens cause limb breakage and tree mortality.
What are Shot Hole Borers and Fusarium Dieback?
CDFW Photo by Gail Sevrens
-
Why are SHBs a significant threat and unique pests?
1. They attack over 300 agriculture, ornamental and native
tree species in over 60 families found throughout the U.S. and
northern Mexico.
2. The list of attacked trees keeps growing.
3. New infestations are being reported frequently.
4. They attack healthy trees.
5. They attack riparian trees that provide habitat for
federally listed species and/or are mitigation sites.
6. They are highly fecund and increase exponentially (1 SHB
can generate 6 billion progeny in 6 generations).
7. No known control agents/predators have been
developed/identified, especially that can be used in riparian
areas.
8. High costs of removing and/or treating trees.
-
SHBs impact riparian vegetation that supports least Bell’s vireo,
yellow-billed cuckoo, Southwest willow flycatcher, arroyo toad and
Santa Ana sucker and/or their designated critical habitats.
Recovery of these
species could be
significantly impeded
if control strategies
are not implemented
for this newly
identified threat.
-
Robertson Ranch, Carlsbad San Luis Rey River, Oceanside
More Examples
-
Robertson Ranch, Carlsbad San Luis Rey River, Oceanside
More Examples
-
Dr. John Boland reported for the Tijuana River “As of late
2015, 374 acres of forests (63% of the forests) were heavily
infected, and more than 140,000 willow trees (35% of the trees)
were severely damaged”
-
Cathy Nowak- OC Parks
-
Signs of Infection Symptoms Vary by Tree Host Species
Images from Eskalen et al., Polyphagous Shot Hole Borer and Fusarium Dieback Field Guide, Jan. 2016. Can be downloaded from http://http://eskalenlab.ucr.edu/pshb.html
-
Source: Eskalen Lab, UC Riverside website, accessed 11/16/2016 http://ucanr.maps.arcgis.com/apps/Viewer/index.html?appid=3446e311c5bd434eabae98937f085c80 Data Sources: University of California, Riverside; US Forest Service, Forest Health Protection; AG Comissioner Office Ventura and San Diego Counties; UCCE Los Angeles, Orange, Ventura, Santa Barbara, San Luis Obispo and San Diego Counties; and CalFire
Current Distribution of Positively Identified SHB or Fusarium
http://ucanr.maps.arcgis.com/apps/Viewer/index.html?appid=3446e311c5bd434eabae98937f085c80http://ucanr.maps.arcgis.com/apps/Viewer/index.html?appid=3446e311c5bd434eabae98937f085c80
-
Confirmed Reproductive Host Tree List (PSHB)
List Source: http://eskalenlab.ucr.edu/pshb.html accessed November 16, 2016 CDFW Photo Gail Sevrens
1. Box elder (Acer negundo)* 2. Big leaf maple (Acer macrophyllum)* 3. Evergreen maple (Acer paxii) 4. Trident maple (Acer buergerianum) 5. Japanese maple (Acer palmatum) 6. Castorbean (Ricinus communis) 7. California Sycamore (Platanus racemosa)* 8. Mexican sycamore (Platanus mexicana) 9. Red willow (Salix laevigata)* 10. Arroyo willow (Salix lasolepis)* 11.Avocado (Persea americana) 12. Mimosa (Albizia julibrissin) 13. English oak (Quercus robur) 14. Coast live oak (Quercus agrifolia)* 15. London plane (Platanus x acerifolia) 16. Cottonwood (Populus fremontii)* 17. Black cottonwood (Populus trichocarpa)* 18. White alder (Alnus rhombifolia)* 19. Titoki (Alectryon excelsus) 20. Engelmann oak (Quercus engelmannii)* 21. Cork oak (Quercus suber) 22. Valley oak (Quercus lobata)* 23. Coral tree (Erythrina corallodendon) 24. Blue palo verde (Parkinsonia floridum)* 25. Palo verde (Parkinsonia aculeata)* 26. Moreton bay chestnut (Castanospermum australe) 27. Brea (Cercidium sonorae) 28. Mesquite (Prosopis articulata)*
29. Weeping willow (Salix babylonica) 30. Chinese holly (Ilex cornuta) 31. Camelia (Camellia semiserrata) 32. Acacia (Acacia spp.) 33. Liquidambar (Liquidambar styraciflua) 34. Red flowering gum (Eucalyptus ficifolia) 35. Japanese wisteria (Wisteria floribunda) 36. Goodding's black willow (Salix gooddingii)* 37. Tree of heaven (Ailanthus altissima) 38. Kurrajong (Brachychiton populneus) 39. Black mission fig (Ficus carica) 40. Japanese beech (Fagus crenata) 41. Dense logwood (Xylosma congestum) 42. Mule fat (Baccharis salicifolia)* 43. Black poplar (Populus nigra)* 44. Carrotwood (Cupaniopsis anacardioides) 45. California buckeye (Aesculus californica)* 46. Canyon live oak (Quercus chrysolepis)* 47. Kentia Palm (Howea forsteriana) 48. King Palm (Ptychosperma elegans)
http://eskalenlab.ucr.edu/pshb.htmlhttp://eskalenlab.ucr.edu/pshb.htmlhttp://plants.usda.gov/core/profile?symbol=acne2
-
Early Detection – surveys and traps
Limited Pesticide Use
Remove Infected Limbs or Trees
Chip and/or Solarize
Do Not Remove Infected Wood!!
-
Treatment and Research UC Riverside, UC ANR CE, and others
Treatment: • Chemicals currently only for
agricultural areas. • Only treatment available for
natural areas is to remove infested limbs or cut down the whole trees, chip on site to less than 1” in diameter, and tarp to solarize.
• Testing use of Verbonone as a repellent – in Prado Basin.
CDFW Photo by Gail Sevrens
Professor Akif Eskalon shows impacted wood to land managers and regulators.
-
Treatment and Research UC Riverside, UC ANR CE, SWIA and others Researching: • Natural enemies—parasitoid wasp; • Endophytes—bacteria & fungus that live
between living plant cells, analogy: like your natural gut bacteria;
• Entomopathogenic fungi; • Chemicals that might be acceptable in riparian
areas. • Resprouting
Photo by John Boland
Tijuana River Valley, May 2016, CDFW Photo by Gail Sevrens
-
Shot Hole Borers/Fusarium Dieback Management Strategy
• Initiated by San Diego Association of Governments to solicit input for overarching strategy
• Includes actions, with rationales,
implementation, and measurable objectives:
1. Leadership & Governance 2. Surveying 3. Management Options–Short Term 4. Public Outreach 5. Research Leading to Long-Term
Management 6. Implementation Timelines 7. Seeking and Directing Funding
-
Emerging Pest Working Group Natural Resources/Urban Forestry SHB
Coalition Polyphagous Shot Hole/Invasive Borer
Statewide Plan UC Riverside, UC Santa Cruz, UC ANR, UCI Regulatory Agencies (USFWS, CDFW,
USACOE, USDA) Local and Municipal Groups (SANDAG, OC
Parks, San Diego County, others) California Forest Pest Council Many others – next slide
-
Los Angeles Riverside
San Bernardino San Diego
Orange Ventura
Emerging Tree Pests –
SD Cme. Emerging
Tree Pests – OC Cme.
Agricultural Commissioners
Association, Pest Prevention
Committee (Joe Deviney, Santa Clara Ag Commissioner)
CA Forest Pest Council
Mtn. Area Task Force
State SHB Natural
Resources Coalition
= natural areas & urban focus = forestry & agriculture focus
LA Co. Forestry,
LA Co. Agr.
= internal coordination = external coordination
Advise and coordinate
with all
UC ANR UCCE
UCR
-
Funding – Natural Systems
• CDFW has provided a Local Assistance Grant (NCCP) to Natural Communities Coalition to work with UCR, UCSC, OC Parks and other partners.
• CDFW R5 has identified funding to hire temporary positions to coordinate efforts.
• SANDAG has set aside funding for invasive species to target SHB.
• SANDAG has devoted intern time.
• USFWS seeking internal grants.
-
Agriculture – Avocado Industry and
USDA
Urban – Regional Governments and
Academics
-
Coordination
• Numerous groups are focusing on forestry and agricultural issues.
• Universities are undertaking research. • New coalition to address natural resource/urban
forestry issues. Is following the outline of the SANDAG-spearheaded strategic plan. Monthly coordination calls; two thus far; first call had >50 participants. Three subcommittees have been launched. Goal is to not duplicate existing efforts. Contact [email protected] to be added to notification list.
mailto:[email protected]
-
Future Action
• Participate in coordination efforts.
• Surveying and management.
• Support research efforts.
• Assist with seeking funding.
• Be prepared to share information with agencies, legislators, stakeholders, public.
-
• Should we work with National Invasive Species Council (Council) and USDA
to start emergency response as done for Asian Long Horn Beetle and
Emerald Ash Borer? Council members include the Secretaries of Defense
and Interior, and Interior is a Council Chair.
• USDA is the lead federally agency on pest response and has the expertise.
• If emergency response is taken, incident command is set up and major
funds are allocated (quarantine, eradication, monitoring, research, public
outreach).
Future Tasks:
-
Further resources: Eskalen Lab website http://eskalenlab.ucr.edu/
-
Further resources: www.PSHB.org
-
Further resources: UCANR's Collaborative Tools various email lists. Contact Jan Gonzales [email protected] and tell her your areas of interest
mailto:[email protected]
-
Acknowledgements: Jeff Brandt and Claire Ingel, CDFW – Region 6 Eric Porter and Patrick Gower, US Fish and Wildlife Service Christine Sloan-Tolchin, County of San Diego Yvonne Moore and Kris Preston, San Diego Monitoring and Management Program Shanti Santulli, US Army Corps of Engineers Jim Sulentich, Natural Communities Coalition (formerly NROC) Kevin Turner and ETPSC of San Diego Akif Eskalen and Richard Stouthamer, UC Riverside Jan Gonzalez and John Kabashima, UC Agriculture and Natural Resources Cooperative Extension John Boland, Southwest Wetlands Interpretive Association Keith Greer and Kyle Rice, San Diego Association of Governments Megan Lulow, UCI
© 2010 Thomas Stoughton