Inventions and Inventors of the late

1700’s

By Kenny Slaby and Geoff Boyajian

Inventions1. The Telegraph2. Bifocal Glasses3. Guillotine4. Vaccination5. The Cotton Gin6. The Hot Air Balloon7. Invention fun facts

Inventors1. Claude Chappe2. Benjamin Franklin3. Doctor Joseph Ignance Guillotin4. Edward Jenner5. Eli Whitney6. Joseph and Jacques Montegolfier7. Benjamin Banneker

The TelegraphInvented: 1794Inventor: Claude ChappeHow it works: The early telegraph

was a series of towers with a large beam mechanism on the top. The beam had a central beam that was suspended in the air by a support beam. The central beam had two beams off of it that could be moved into different positions. The central beam could also be moved allowing 198 different possible positions. Each tower had a telescope for viewing the other towers.

Claude ChappeBorn: December 25,

1763Died: January 23, 1805Invented: Claude

Chappe invented the first telegraph system. He and his brothers were parts of the church, and when the French Revolution started they had to leave. They decided to build a machine known today as the telegraph. The telegraph system went from Lille, France, to Paris, France.

Bifocal Glasses

Invented: 1760Inventor: Benjamin FranklinHow it works: The bifocal glasses use a convex and a

concave lens. It allows the wearer to use only one pair of glasses to see far (looking up) and close (looking down). That way they didn’t have to change glasses when they wanted to read, they simply looked down.

Benjamin Franklin

Born: January 17, 1706Died: April 17, 1790Invented: Benjamin Franklin

had trouble seeing near and far. To save him time he took a convex and a concave lens and stuck them together. The result was the bifocal glasses. Benjamin also invented many other things, however only the bifocal glasses will be mentioned.

The GuillotineInvented: 1792Inventor: Doctor Joseph

Ignance GuillotinHow it works: The victim is

tied or strapped down and his/her head it placed in a hole under the blade, which is sharpened at a 45 degree angle. The blade is then dropped by releasing a stopper by pulling a rope. The blade falls and chops off the head of the victim.

Doctor Joseph Ignance Guillotin

Born: May 28, 1738Died: March 26, 1814Invented: Doctor Guillotin

invented the Guillotine in hopes of making the death penalty more humane, and eventually abolishing it. When Louis XVI banned the breaking wheel, Dr. Guillotin seized the opportunity for his invention.

Vaccinations

Invented: 1796Inventor: Edward JennerHow it worked*: Edward

Jenner used the disease known as cowpox to cure smallpox. Giving a person cowpox made them immune to smallpox. Over time vaccinations changed and today we don’t need to get a disease to resist another disease .

*Vaccinations today are different then the original vaccination

Edward JennerBorn: May 17, 1749Died: Jan 23, 1805Invented: Edward Jenner

figured out that a farmer that got cowpox was immune to smallpox. He tried an experiment by giving a boy cowpox, which is relatively harmless. After his recovery he gave the boy smallpox. To his success, he was immune. After many tests he posted his findings to the world, and soon 100,000 people had become vaccinated.

The Cotton GinInvented: 1793Inventor: Eli WhitneyHow it works: Cotton must

have the seeds separated from the cotton itself. Until the cotton gin this was done by hand. The cotton gin has a thin wire screen and small wire hooks that pull cotton through the screen without pulling the seeds.

Eli WhitneyBorn: December 8, 1765Died: January 8, 1825Invented: After graduating

from Yale, Eli Whitney moved to Georgia. There he became a private tutor. After discovering how hard cotton was to produce, he invented the cotton gin, which allowed the cotton production to go much faster.

The Hot Air BalloonInvented: 1783Inventor: Joseph and

Jaques MontegolfierHow it works: The air

inside the balloon is heated and the balloon rises because hot air is lighter than cold air. The early balloons did not have a basket. Instead it had a walkway around the bottom of the balloon which could be stood on. Also the first balloons did not have a portable burner, however much heat they got before take-off from a fire was the only heat it had.

Joseph & Jacques Montegolfier

Born: Joseph- August 26, 1740; Jaques- January 6, 1745Died: Joseph- June 26, 1810; Jaques- August 2, 1799Invented: Owning a paper factory, they discovered a shirt filled

with air over a fire. They threw paper scraps into the fire and later found them floating out the chimney. They concluded smoke made things rise. They built the first hot air balloon made of fabric and paper, lined with alum, and flew it. It raised 2 meters above the ground and traveled two kilometers. They perfected the design and later it flew long distances and carried people.

Benjamin BannekerBorn: November 9, 1731Died: October 9, 1806Invented: Benjamin

Banneker didn’t actually invent anything. However he was a clock maker. Benjamin was the first person in North America to successfully build a clock. Not only was he the first person, but he was the first African American to build it, which was a big first step to African American freedom early in America’s history.

Invention Fun Facts• It is said that after a person’s head is off after the

guillotine, it is still alive for a few seconds• Rather than using a needle, Jenner rubbed the puss

of a cowpox blister on the boy to get him infected• One of the first flights of the hot air balloon was

manned by a sheep, a chicken, and a duck• Louis XVI wanted the hot air balloon to be manned

by a criminal on one of its first flights• Bifocals were invented because Ben Franklin got

annoyed at his glasses• The guillotine got an “e” at the end of it because a

French poet thought it rhymed better

BibliographyAPS Physics | APS Home. 19 Mar. 2009 <http://www.aps.org/publications/apsnews/200611/images/balloon.jpg>. Gave picture of hot air balloon.Askeland » home. 19 Mar. 2009 <https://askeland.wikispaces.com/file/view/cotton_gin.gif>. Gave picture of cotton gin.Askeland » home. 19 Mar. 2009 <https://askeland.wikispaces.com/file/view/eli_whitney.jpg>. Gave picture of Eli Whitney."Benjamin Banneker." Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. 19 Mar. 2009 <http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Benjamin_Banneker>. Gave info on Mr. Banneker."Benjamin Franklin and His Inventions." Resources for Science Learning. The Franklin Institute. 19 Mar. 2009

<http://sln.fi.edu/franklin/inventor/inventor.html>. Gave info on bifocals."Benjamin Franklin FAQ." Resources for Science Learning. The Franklin Institute. 17 Mar. 2009

<http://www.fi.edu/franklin/birthday/faq.html#01>. Gave great info on Ben Franklin."Claude Chappe." Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. 19 Mar. 2009 <http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Claude_Chappe>. Gave info on Claude Chappe."The Cotton Gin | The Eli Whitney Museum and Workshop." 19 Mar. 2009 <http://www.eliwhitney.org/new/museum/eli-whitney/cotton-gin>. Gave info on Eli and the cotton gin."Cotton gin." Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. 19 Mar. 2009 <http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cotton_gin>. Gave info on cotton gin.Edinformatics -- Education for the Information Age. 19 Mar. 2009 <http://www.edinformatics.com/inventions_inventors/180px-DrGuillotin.jpg>. Gave picture of Dr. Guillotin."Edward Jenner and the Discovery of Vaccination." University of South Carolina. 19 Mar. 2009

<http://www.sc.edu/library/spcoll/nathist/jenner.html>. Gave info on Edward Jenner.

Bibliography page 2"Edward Jenner." Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. 19 Mar. 2009 <http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edward_Jenner>. Gave info on Edward Jenner."Eli Whitney, Jr." Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. 19 Mar. 2009 <http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eli_Whitney>. Gave info on Eli and the cotton gin."First Manned Flight." Oracal ThinkQuest Library. 19 Mar. 2009 <http://library.thinkquest.org/28629/page26.html>. Gave info on hot air balloon.Free Christian Skits at www.ChristianSkitScripts.com. 19 Mar. 2009 <http://www.christianskitscripts.com/hypophoto.jpg>. Gave picture of needle.Garden of Praise. 19 Mar. 2009 <http://www.gardenofpraise.com/images/bifocal.jpg>. Gave picture of bifocals."Guillotine pictures." The Guillotine Headquarters. 19 Mar. 2009 <http://www.guillotine.dk/Pages/Gallery.html>. Gave pictures of guillotine."Guillotine." Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. 19 Mar. 2009 <http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guillotine>.Gave info on Guillotine.Gymnasium und FMS Münchenstein. 19 Mar. 2009 <http://www.gymmuenchenstein.ch/stalder/klassen/hie/rev_ch/flight-Dateien/image002.jpg>. Gave picture of Montegolfier brothers.Harrison, Ian. The Book of Inventions: How'd they come up with that? 2004. Gave base info on most inventions."The History of Hot Air Balloons." Hot Air Ballooning Pictures, History and Information from eBalloon.org. 19 Mar. 2009

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Thank you!

Thank you for watching our presentation. We hope you

learned more about inventions in the late 1700’s than you knew before. Have

a nice day!