China &Tibet China &Tibet 2003190051 Youngjong Seo (Korea)

2008230017 Yin Yue (China)

2009950148 Ting Shu (China)

2009950120 German Teran (Peru)

Structure

• Overview of the history of Tibet

• Major cases

• Dalai clique’s view

• Chinese Central government’s perspectives

• International position

• Possible scenarios

video

Tibet

Relationship between Tibet and Chinese central government

Tang Dynasty ( 618-907)

marriages between royal families

Yuan Dynasty (1271-1368)

established the Ministry for the Spread of Governance

Republic of China (1912-1949)

Commission for Mongolian and Tibetan Affairs was established

People’s Republic of China (1949-)

Xizang(Tibet) Autonomous Region

Serfdom regime

the merging of religious and secular rule

Violence and protests (3•14 Riots)

• March 14th 2008

• Lhasa

• Death toll:18

• wounded :382

• economic losses:$45,000,000

Boycott of Torch Relay

France 7 April 2008

waves of chaos

Protests Extinguish Olympic Flame

the U.K 6 April 2008

The flame has been stopped on several occasions

Conflict with Chinese students

Dalai Lama Clique’s ViewDalai Lama's Five-Point Peace Plan for the restoration

of peace and human rights in Tibet in 1987

• Transformation of the whole of Tibet into a zone of Ahimsa, demilitarized zone of peace and non-violence.

• Abandonment of China's population transfer policy, which threatened the very existence of the Tibetans as a people.

• Respect for the Tibetan people's fundamental human rights and democratic freedoms;

• Restoration of and protection of Tibet's natural environment and abandonment of China's use of Tibet for the production of nuclear weapons and dumping of nuclear waste;

• Commencement of earnest negotiations on the future status of Tibet and of relations between the Tibetan and Chinese people.

Dalai Lama's so-called "middle way" : Greater Tibet Area

The Dalai Lama has advocated a "high degree of autonomy" in such a geographic scope and made it a preliminary condition for any negotiation with the central government.

Tibetan Youth Congress (TYC)

• Founded in 1970, with 30,000 members and nearly 70 branches worldwide

• The goal of "complete independence of Tibet" • The right core of Dalai Clique•  Regards "Violence" and "terrorist activities" as its

"primary tasks" to achieve Tibet's independence. “We have to achieve our goal by any means, be it

violence or non-violence.”------ex-president

“Terrorist activities can reap maximum efforts with minimum cost. ”

------ Dalai's brother

Criticizes on Chinese Policies

• Cultural Genocide• Human Rights: Discrimination between Tibetans and Han

Chinese• Economical development Environmental Devastation

“Today, the religion, culture, language and identity, which successive generations of Tibetans have considered more precious than their lives, are nearing extinction - in short, the Tibetan people are regarded like criminals deserving to be put to death .”

------Dalai Lama

Chinese Central Government’s View

• The Tibet problem is entirely an internal issue of China, and national unification features the conflict between the central government and the Dalai Clique.

• The Tibet issue is related to China’s sovereignty and territorial integrity and bares on China’s core interest. The Chinese government and people resolutely oppose foreign leaders engaging in any form of contact with the Dalai Lama.

• Eg: postponed the 11th China-European Summit

The policies in Tibet

Regional Ethnic AutonomyThe Law of Regional Autonomy for Ethnic Minorities

• Full Political Right of Autonomy

• Full Decision-making Power in Economic and Social Development

• Freedom to Inherit and Develop Their Traditional Culture and to Practice Their Religious Belief

The strategy of West Regional DevelopmentVolunteer Aiding Tibet Program

• In 2008 Tibet's GDP amounted to 39.591 billion Yuan, 10.1% higher than the previous year calculated in comparable price.

• Large amounts of support to Tibet. Since the founding of the Tibet Autonomous Region, 94.9 percent of its fiscal expenditure, totaling 87.586 billion Yuan, has been subsidized by the Central Government.

• 80 major projects in Tibet for the "Eleventh Five-Year Plan," with a total investment of 109.7 billion Yuan. Of this, 77.8 billion Yuan will be financed by the Central Government.

• Tibet is the only region in China that has enjoyed a preferential revenue rate, which is 3% points lower than the national tax rate.

The four conditions to further the talks, in July 2008

• Not to support activities that disturb the upcoming Beijing Olympic Games

• Not to support plots to fan up violent criminal activities

• Not to support and effectively contain the violent terrorist activities of the "Tibetan Youth Congress"

• Not to support any argument and activity to seek "Tibetan independence" and split the region from the country

International Points of view

• Western– Formally

• Human Rights• Peaceful Conversation

– Informally• Containment of China’s Rising• Cause of Pressure to China

International Points of View

• France– Before

• Neutral/Mediate• Support Taiwan• Meet Dalai lama• Olympic Torch Obstruction

– Now• Nonintervention Policy• National Interest

– Economic/Strategic Partnership

International point of view

• India– 1950~1976

• Permit PRC • Accept Dalai lama• War in the Radak Region• Chinese support to Pakistan

International Point of View

• 1976-Now– Rebuild the Relationship

• 1st - Economic/Culture Cooperation • 2nd - Solve the Political/Territorial Problem

– China – India Agreement in 2005• Agree the Borderline• Reasons

– Economical Benefits > Conflict about Territory– Security Strategy– Expect the Synergy Effect

Possible scenarios

• Population by 2007– Tibet Autonomous region: 2,841,500 people– Greater Tibet: around 11,000,000 people

• Second biggest province : Qinghai (Greater Tibet) – 54.0% Han Chinese– 22.5% Tibetan– 16.0% Hui (Islam)

• Landlocked Area– Borders: India, Nepal and Bhutan– Similar to Nepal, Switzerland or Rwanda (Mostly, countries with less than 20,000

Million USD GDPs)

A. Independent Tibet

1. Free Market Countrya. GDP(2007)• Tibet Autonomous region:

5,011 Million USD o PRC’s subsidies 2,500

Million USD

• Per capita GDP: 1,758.52 USDo Without considering

the social gap.

b. Goodso Animals: 7,716 tono Chromite: 74,342 tono Timber: 26, 480 ton

A. Independent Tibetc. Trade• Border trade

o 312 passages leading to foreign countries o These include 184 linked up with Nepal, 85

with India, 18 with Bhutan, 5 with Myanmar, and 12 with Kashmir.

o 85.63 Million USD (2004)

• Trade with other countrieso Qinghai-Tibet way and railway takes more

than 80% of Tibet’s goods in or out.o Exports intensively processed products to

more than 20 areas, including Japan, the Republic of Korea, Singapore, Hong Kong, Europe and the United States.

o Probably end of taxes subsidies.d. Tourism• Tourist resources are unique with 25 famous

buildings, 13 historical attractions under the state's key protection, and 12 regional-level relics protection units.

• 51,000 tourist visited Tibet in 2003.

A. Independent Tibet2. Subsistence economy Country

a. Agriculture and water

• Cultivated area has expanded to 230,000 hectares (2004).

• Total surface water resources amount to 448.2 billion cubic meters, and underground water resources amount to 110.7 billion cubic meters.

b. Mining and energy• Tibet's power generating capacity is

expected to top 500,000 Kw in 2005.

• 376,00 Kw can benefit 1.5 million people.

• 94 mineral resources have been discovered, 30 reserves proven, and 11 mineral reserves including chromium, iron, lithium, copper and boron rank first-fifth in China

B. Tibet as part of China

1. Chinese western region development strategy

• Social:o Encourage Chinese people

to move to less crowded western regions.

o Han – chinese migration. 6.1% Tibet’s population is Han-Chinese.

• Infraestructure:o By the end of 2007, China

has started 92 key construction projects in western regions, with a total investment of more than 1.3 trillion yuan (190 Billion USD).

o 2008. 10 major projects to launch with a combined budget of 436 billion yuan (64.12 billion USD).

B. Tibet as part of China

• Economy:o 2007. Railway lifts Tibet's

foreign trade by 75% in 10 months.

o In 2007, the central government gave Tibet 28.321 billion Yuan in subsidies (4,150 Million USD): 2.16 times as many as that in 2002.

Conclusions

Peaceful resolution trough negotiation. Reasonable Tibet’s independent plan is

required. Foreign countries can give individual

opinions but not interfere with China’s domestic issues.

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