investigating different operational scenarios for the
TRANSCRIPT
INVESTIGATING DIFFERENT OPERATIONAL SCENARIOS FOR THE
PROPOSED EMERGENCY VENTILATION SYSTEM IN FURKA
TUNNEL
REHAN YOUSAF
8TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE “TUNNEL SAFETY & VENTILATION” GRAZ, 2016APRIL 25TH 2016
PRESENTATION OUTLINE
Background
Ventilation
Aim & Objectives
Methodology
Investigated Scenarios
Results
Conclusions
INVESTIGATING DIFFERENT OPERATIONAL SCENARIOS FOR THE PROPOSED EMERGENCY
VENTILATION SYSTEM IN FURKA TUNNEL
8th Int. Conference ‘Tunnel Safety & Ventilation’, Graz, 2016
2COPYRIGHT©PÖYRY
Furka Summit Tunnel
Furka Base Tunnel
3
Swiss cantons of Uri and Wallis were
connected by Furka Summit Tunnel
(opened in 1926)
15.4 km long Furka base tunnel
replaces Furka Summit tunnel in 1982
Two cross junctions namely “Geren
(single track twin tube) ” and “Rotondo
(double track single tube)”
One access gallery “Bedretto” is
located mid way of tunnel
Bi-directional train traffic
Categorized “C” according to swiss
guide line “Sicherheitsanforderungen
für bestehende Eisenbahntunnel (10.
Aug 2009)”
“Update Furka” Tunnel refurbishment
project to be completed by 2022
BACKGROUND
Tunnel
Length
[m]
Single track tunnel Twin track tunnel
< 100
trains/
day
100 -
300
trains/
day
> 300
trains/
day
< 100
trains/
day
100 -
300
trains/
day
> 300
trains/
day
< 300 A A A A A A
300-1000 B B B B B B
1000-3000 B C C B C C
3000-10’000 C C C C D D
> 10’000 C D D C D D
INVESTIGATING DIFFERENT OPERATIONAL SCENARIOS FOR THE PROPOSED EMERGENCY
VENTILATION SYSTEM IN FURKA TUNNEL
8th Int. Conference ‘Tunnel Safety & Ventilation’, Graz, 2016
COPYRIGHT©PÖYRY
4
VENTILATION: AIM
Ventilation aims at: Lower humidity level in tunnel
Constructional ventilation
Improve tunnel safety level in
case of fire emergency
A tunnel door and two axial fans
are located mid way of tunnel to
control ventilation
INVESTIGATING DIFFERENT OPERATIONAL SCENARIOS FOR THE PROPOSED EMERGENCY
VENTILATION SYSTEM IN FURKA TUNNEL
8th Int. Conference ‘Tunnel Safety & Ventilation’, Graz, 2016
COPYRIGHT©PÖYRY
VENTILATION: CONCEPT
5
Emergency ventilation is activated only when an emergency train is stationary
Fire at front of train:
Fire at rear of train:
Fire location
unknown or at
middle of train:
Ventilation in direction of travel, escape opposite to direction of travel
Ventilation opposite to direction of travel, escape in direction of travel
Ventilation opposite to direction of travel, escape in direction of travel
No pre-defined direction of flow exist in tunnel
INVESTIGATING DIFFERENT OPERATIONAL SCENARIOS FOR THE PROPOSED EMERGENCY
VENTILATION SYSTEM IN FURKA TUNNEL
8th Int. Conference ‘Tunnel Safety & Ventilation’, Graz, 2016
COPYRIGHT©PÖYRY
AIM & OBJECTIVES
6
Proof of the proper functionality of the proposed ventilation system
Highlight the short comings in the evacuation process in case of a fire
emergency
Evaluate the aero- thermodynamic conditions for the critical most scenario
using coupled 1- and 3-dimensional “Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD)”
simulation
Provide recommendations for the detailed rescue planning
INVESTIGATING DIFFERENT OPERATIONAL SCENARIOS FOR THE PROPOSED EMERGENCY
VENTILATION SYSTEM IN FURKA TUNNEL
8th Int. Conference ‘Tunnel Safety & Ventilation’, Graz, 2016
COPYRIGHT©PÖYRY
METHODOLOGY
7
Distance vs time plot for different events.
Analyse the flow for different operational
scenarios (1-D velocity course)
Plot distance vs time plot for smoke
propagation (1-D visibility contour)
Investigate 3-D smoke and thermal
stratification for critical situations
Tim
e [m
in]
Distance [m]
5.6 min
8 min 100°C2.5 m above walking surface
INVESTIGATING DIFFERENT OPERATIONAL SCENARIOS FOR THE PROPOSED EMERGENCY
VENTILATION SYSTEM IN FURKA TUNNEL
8th Int. Conference ‘Tunnel Safety & Ventilation’, Graz, 2016
COPYRIGHT©PÖYRY
Time [min]
Ve
loc
ity [
m/s
]
8
Standard scenarios
Covers 83% operational conditions
Assumption of emergency in single track tunnel section
HGV fire on vehicle transport train
Scenario Geren (Low air flow)
Accidental stop of train in cross over junction “Geren” (smaller cross section tube)
Train downstream of emergency train but before the tunnel door
Should the door be closed and non burning train should wait for ventilation ?
Should the door be closed after the non burning train has passed through the door ?
Presence of multiple trains in system
Fire at mid of train or unknown location
INVESTIGATED SCENARIOS
INVESTIGATING DIFFERENT OPERATIONAL SCENARIOS FOR THE PROPOSED EMERGENCY
VENTILATION SYSTEM IN FURKA TUNNEL
8th Int. Conference ‘Tunnel Safety & Ventilation’, Graz, 2016
COPYRIGHT©PÖYRY
9
RESULTS: STANDARD SCENARIO - VARIATION “V1”
20
18
16
14
12
10
8
6
4
2
0
Tim
e f
rom
fir
e ig
nitio
n [m
in]
2000 2200 2400 2600 2800 3000 3200 3400 3600 3800 4000
Distance [m]
Oberwald → Realp (A2466)
HGV Fire at front
Emergency stop in section HU
Ventilation → Realp
1 axial fan in operation
200 Pa. adverse portal pressure
(opposing fan flow direction)
INVESTIGATING DIFFERENT OPERATIONAL SCENARIOS FOR THE PROPOSED EMERGENCY
VENTILATION SYSTEM IN FURKA TUNNEL
8th Int. Conference ‘Tunnel Safety & Ventilation’, Graz, 2016
COPYRIGHT©PÖYRY
10
RESULTS: STANDARD SCENARIO - VARIATION “V2”
Oberwald → Realp (A2466)
HGV Fire at front
Emergency stop in section HU
Ventilation → Realp
1 axial fan in operation
200 Pa. assisting portal pressure
(pressure in fan flow direction)
20
18
16
14
12
10
8
6
4
2
0
Tim
e f
rom
fir
e ig
nitio
n [m
in]
2000 2200 2400 2600 2800 3000 3200 3400 3600 3800 4000
Distance [m]
INVESTIGATING DIFFERENT OPERATIONAL SCENARIOS FOR THE PROPOSED EMERGENCY
VENTILATION SYSTEM IN FURKA TUNNEL
8th Int. Conference ‘Tunnel Safety & Ventilation’, Graz, 2016
COPYRIGHT©PÖYRY
11
RESULTS: STANDARD SCENARIO - VARIATION “V3”
Oberwald → Realp (A2466)
HGV Fire at front
Realp → Oberwald (A2467)
Emergency stop in section HU
Ventilation → Realp
1 axial fan in operation
200 Pa. adverse portal pressure
(opposing fan flow direction)
20
18
16
14
12
10
8
6
4
2
0
Tim
e f
rom
fir
e ig
nitio
n [m
in]
2000 2200 2400 2600 2800 3000 3200 3400 3600 3800 4000
Distance [m]
INVESTIGATING DIFFERENT OPERATIONAL SCENARIOS FOR THE PROPOSED EMERGENCY
VENTILATION SYSTEM IN FURKA TUNNEL
8th Int. Conference ‘Tunnel Safety & Ventilation’, Graz, 2016
COPYRIGHT©PÖYRY
12
RESULTS: STANDARD SCENARIO - VARIATION “V4”
Oberwald → Realp (A2466)
HGV Fire at rear
Realp → Oberwald (A2467)
Emergency stop in section HU
Ventilation → Oberwald
1 axial fan in operation
200 Pa. adverse portal pressure
(opposing fan flow direction)
20
18
16
14
12
10
8
6
4
2
0
Tim
e f
rom
fir
e ignitio
n [m
in]
2000 2200 2400 2600 2800 3000 3200 3400 3600 3800 4000
Distance [m]
INVESTIGATING DIFFERENT OPERATIONAL SCENARIOS FOR THE PROPOSED EMERGENCY
VENTILATION SYSTEM IN FURKA TUNNEL
8th Int. Conference ‘Tunnel Safety & Ventilation’, Graz, 2016
COPYRIGHT©PÖYRY
13
RESULTS: STANDARD SCENARIO - VARIATION “V5”
20
18
16
14
12
10
8
6
4
2
0
Tim
e f
rom
fir
e ignitio
n [m
in]
2000 2200 2400 2600 2800 3000 3200 3400 3600 3800 4000
Distance [m]
Similar to variation 3 with following
operational changes:
Immediate contact with control
centre as soon as train comes to a
stop
Immediate STOP command (within
30 seconds) from control centre for
all trains in the tunnel network
Simultaneous closing of doors and
starting of ventilation fans
INVESTIGATING DIFFERENT OPERATIONAL SCENARIOS FOR THE PROPOSED EMERGENCY
VENTILATION SYSTEM IN FURKA TUNNEL
8th Int. Conference ‘Tunnel Safety & Ventilation’, Graz, 2016
COPYRIGHT©PÖYRY
14
RESULTS: SCENARIO GEREN
Oberwald → Realp (A2466)
HGV Fire at rear
Realp → Oberwald (A2467)
Emergency stop in section GE
Ventilation → Oberwald
2 axial fan in operation
200 Pa. adverse portal pressure
(opposing fan flow direction)
3-D CFD was used to see smoke
propagation and extent of back-layering
INVESTIGATING DIFFERENT OPERATIONAL SCENARIOS FOR THE PROPOSED EMERGENCY
VENTILATION SYSTEM IN FURKA TUNNEL
8th Int. Conference ‘Tunnel Safety & Ventilation’, Graz, 2016
COPYRIGHT©PÖYRY
15
RESULTS: SCENARIO GEREN
Fire
A2467
INVESTIGATING DIFFERENT OPERATIONAL SCENARIOS FOR THE PROPOSED EMERGENCY
VENTILATION SYSTEM IN FURKA TUNNEL
8th Int. Conference ‘Tunnel Safety & Ventilation’, Graz, 2016
2 minutes after fire ignition
Emergency train is stopped
A2467 moving towards OW
Fire power 12 MW
Ventilation not started
16
RESULTS: SCENARIO GEREN
Fire
INVESTIGATING DIFFERENT OPERATIONAL SCENARIOS FOR THE PROPOSED EMERGENCY
VENTILATION SYSTEM IN FURKA TUNNEL
8th Int. Conference ‘Tunnel Safety & Ventilation’, Graz, 2016
A2467
6 minutes after fire ignition
Emergency train is stopped
A2467 moving towards RA
Fire power 30 MW
Ventilation 100%
17
RESULTS: SCENARIO GEREN
Fire
INVESTIGATING DIFFERENT OPERATIONAL SCENARIOS FOR THE PROPOSED EMERGENCY
VENTILATION SYSTEM IN FURKA TUNNEL
8th Int. Conference ‘Tunnel Safety & Ventilation’, Graz, 2016
20 minutes after fire ignition
Emergency train is stopped
A2467 left the tunnel
Fire power 30 MW
Ventilation 100%
18
CONCLUSIONS
Effect of adverse portal pressure on the
ventilation system
Operational measures:
Early stop signal
Simultaneous closing of doors and starting of
ventilation fans
Non-emergency trains should evacuate after
stabilized flow conditions occur in tunnel
Ventilation system should be kept simple
and reliable
A calculated risk has to be considered for
certain extreme cases (e.g. “Geren”)
Emergency ventilation should run at its full
capacity
Ventilation control in its current
implementation improves the escape
conditions for Furka tunnel
20
18
16
14
12
10
8
6
4
2
0
Tim
e f
rom
fir
e ig
nitio
n [m
in]
2000 2200 2400 2600 2800 3000 3200 3400 3600 3800 4000
Distance [m]
Fan adverse portal
pressure (V1)
Fan assisting
portal pressure
(V2)
20
18
16
14
12
10
8
6
4
2
0
Tim
e f
rom
fir
e ig
nitio
n [m
in]
2000 2200 2400 2600 2800 3000 3200 3400 3600 3800 4000
Distance [m]
Without operational
measures
With operational
measures
INVESTIGATING DIFFERENT OPERATIONAL SCENARIOS FOR THE PROPOSED EMERGENCY
VENTILATION SYSTEM IN FURKA TUNNEL
8th Int. Conference ‘Tunnel Safety & Ventilation’, Graz, 2016
COPYRIGHT©PÖYRY
6 minutes after fire ignition
- Emergency train is stopped
- A2467 moving towards RA
- Fire power 30 MW
- Ventilation 100%
Fire
Initial direction of
travel
A2467
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+41 76 356 20 68
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